cromatografia de par iônico

1. Efeito do contra ion e de sua
concentração na retenção de β-
bloqueadores.

2. FLIEGER, J. The effect of chaotropic mobile phase additives on the separation of selected
alkaloids in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Journal of
Chromatography A, v. 1113, n. 1, p. 37-44, 2006.

3. Chromatograms of a
mixtures of alkaloids
(A—caffenine, B—
laudanozine, C—
colchicine, D—boldine,
E—strychnine, F—
cinchonine, G—quinine)
with different organic
anions in the mobile
phase.

4. Effect of anionic additive type on the retention of investigated alkaloids. (*) For emetine and
berberine the strongest retention was observed when hexafluorophosphate salt was added to
the mobile phase. Their retention factors were higher than 25.

5. The effect of different anionic additives on retention, peak symmetry and efficiency of
narcotine.

6. Jones, Alan, Rosario LoBrutto, and Yuri Kazakevich. "Effect of the counter-anion type and
concentration on the liquid chromatography retention of β-blockers." Journal of
Chromatography A 964.1 (2002): 179-187.

7. Dependence of the retention factors for labetolol, acebutolol, and nadolol versus the
concentration of perchlorate counter-anion in the mobile phase. Chromatographic
conditions: column: Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18 (150×4.6 mm), mobile phase: aqueous
adjusted with perchloric acid and/or sodium perchlorate (pH 3.0)–acetonitrile (70:30),
flow-rate: 1 ml/min, detection: UV at 225 nm.

8. Dependence of the retention factors for metoprolol, pindolol, and nadolol versus the
concentration of perchlorate counter-anion in the mobile phase. Chromatographic
conditions: column: Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18 (150×4.6 mm), mobile phase: aqueous
adjusted with perchloric acid and/or sodium perchlorate (pH 3.0)–acetonitrile (70:30),
flow-rate: 1 ml/min, detection: UV at 225 nm.

9. Plot of the acebutolol retention factors versus counter-anion concentration in the mobile phase
for different counter-anions used. Chromatographic conditions: column: Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18
(150×4.6 mm), mobile phase: aqueous (pH 3.0)–acetonitrile (70:30), flow-rate: 1 ml/min,
detection: UV at 225 nm.

10. Plot of the acebutolol retention factors versus counter-anion concentration in the mobile phase
for different counter-anions used. Chromatographic conditions: column: Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18
(150×4.6 mm), mobile phase: aqueous (pH 3.0)–acetonitrile (70:30), flow-rate: 1 ml/min,
detection: UV at 225 nm.

11. Chromatograms of a mixture of β-blockers and o-chloroaniline analyzed at constant pH and
increasing perchlorate concentration.. Chromatographic conditions: column: Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18
(150×4.6 mm), mobile phase: aqueous (pH 3.0)–acetonitrile (70:30), flow-rate: 1 ml/min,
detection: UV at 225 nm.

12. FLIEGER, J. Effect of
mobile phase
composition on the
retention of selected
alkaloids in reversed-phase
liquid
chromatography
with chaotropic
salts. Journal of
chromatography A,
v. 1175, n. 2, p. 207-
216, 2007

13. Experimental retention factors obtained for investigated alkaloids vs. trifluoroacetate and
hexafluorophosphate concentration in mobile phase: 30% ACN/10 mM phosphate buffer
(dashed lines) and 30% ACN/30 mM phosphate buffer pH = 2.7 (continuous lines).

14. Graphic comparison of the
desolvation parameters
obtained using
hexafluorophosphate as
the counter-anion for two
eluent systems: 25%
THF/30 mM phosphate
buffer (THF) and 30%
ACN/30 mM phosphate
buffer (ACN).

15. Chromatograms of mixtures of alkaloids obtained by the use of different mobile phases: (A) 35%
ACN/10 mM phosphate buffer (pH 2.7) + 30 mM NaPF6, (B) 40% MeOH/10 mM phosphate
buffer (pH 2.7) + 30 mM NaPF6, (C) 25% THF/10 mM phosphate buffer (pH 2.7) + 30 mM NaPF6.

16. PAN, Li et al. Influence of inorganic mobile phase additives on the retention, efficiency and peak
symmetry of protonated basic compounds in reversed-phase liquid chromatography. Journal of
Chromatography A, v. 1049, n. 1, p. 63-73, 2004.

17. Effect of analyte
load on:
(A) N(h/2) and (B)
tailing factor.
Chromatographic
conditions: 0.1%
(v/v)
H3PO4:acetonitrile
eluent;
benzylamine (5%
acetonitrile),
toluene (50%
acetonitrile),
Labetalol and 4-
nitrophenol (25%
acetonitrile), flow
rate: 1.0 mL/min;
temperature: 25 °C;
analyte load: 0.5–
50 μg.

18. Chromatographic overlays of Labetalol analyzed at different analyte concentrations using
increasing mobile phase concentration of perchlorate anion. Chromatographic conditions:
analyte load: 3.3, 6.5, 31.2 μg, (a) 75%:0.1% (v/v) H3PO4:25% acetonitrile; (b) 75%:0.05% (v/v)
HClO4:25% acetonitrile; (c) 75%:0.3% (v/v) HClO4:25% acetonitrile; (d) 75%:0.4% (v/v)
HClO4:25% acetonitrile; (e) 75%:0.5% (v/v) HClO4:25% acetonitrile.

19. Chromatographic overlays of Dorzolamide HCl analyzed at different analyte concentrations using
increasing mobile phase concentration of perchlorate anion. Chromatographic conditions:
Analyte load: 1.4, 5.2, 9.2, 48 μg, (a) 90%:0.1% (v/v) H3PO4:10% acetonitrile; (b) 90%:0.05% (v/v)
HClO4:10% acetonitrile; (c) 90%:0.3% (v/v) HClO4:10% acetonitrile; (d) 90%:0.4% (v/v)
HClO4:10% acetonitrile; (e) 90%:0.5% (v/v) HClO4:10% acetonitrile.

20. Effect of counteranion type and concentration on analyte retention, peak efficiency, N(h/2), and
tailing factor. Chromatographic conditions: Mobile phase: 75% aqueous:25% acetonitrile.
Effective counteranion concentration for each mobile phase indicated in figure legend, flow rate:
1.0 mL/min; temperature: 25 °C; analyte load: 0.5 μg; wavelength: 225 nm.

21. FLIEGER, J. Application of
perfluorinated acids as ion-pairing
reagents for reversed-phase
chromatography and
retention-hydrophobicity
relationships studies of
selected β-blockers. Journal
of Chromatography A, v.
1217, n. 4, p. 540-549, 2010.
Effect of ion-pairing reagent
concentration in
methanol/water mobile
phase (acetic acid, AA;
trifluoroacetic acid, TFAA;
pentafluoropropionic acid,
PFPA; heptafluorobutyric
acid, HFBA) on retention
coefficient of investigated
β-blockers.

22. Chromatograms of mixtures of β-blockers obtained by the use of different mobile phases. The
peaks order: atenolol, pindolol, nadolol, metoprolol, acebutolol.

23. XIE, Wenchun; TERAOKA, Iwao; GROSS,
Richard A. Reversed phase ion-pairing
chromatography of an oligolysine mixture in
different mobile phases: effort of searching
critical chromatography conditions. Journal
of Chromatography A, v. 1304, p. 127-132,
2013.
SIR mass chromatograms of a mixture of
oligolysine (dp = 2–8) at different
percentages of ACN in the mobile phase
when heptafluorobutyric acid [HFBA] is
9.2 mM. Column Waters XBridge Shield
RP18 column (50 mm × 4.6 mm i.d.; pore
size 135 Å, particle size 3.5 μm)
thermostated at 35 °C. The number on the
top of each peak represents dp. Peaks
corresponding to dp = 7 and 8 are shown
as an inset for 23% ACN.

24. XIE, Wenchun et al. Cooperative effect in ion
pairing of oligolysine with heptafluorobutyric
acid in reversed-phase
chromatography. Journal of Chromatography
A, v. 1218, n. 43, p. 7765-7770, 2011.
Effect of the HFBA concentration on the
retention of oligolyisne. The number of lysine
residues is indicated adjacent to each curve. (a)
Results for all concentrations of HFBA. (b) Results
at low concentrations. The y axis is in a log scale
in (a) and in a linear scale in (b).

25. LONG, Zhen et al. Strong cation
exchange column allow for
symmetrical peak shape and
increased sample loading in the
separation of basic
compounds. Journal of
Chromatography A, v. 1256, p. 67-
71, 2012.
Chromatograms of basic
compounds separated on the
Sunfire C18 column (A), XBridge
C18 column (B) and the XCharge
SCX column (C); Loading amounts
on columns were 0.09035 mg,
0.9035 mg, and 3.614 mg from (a)
to (c). Peaks: 1 = propranolol,
2 = berberine, 3 = amitriptyline.
The mobile phases used for the separation of basic compounds on
XCharge SCX column were A: acetonitrile, B: 100 mmol/L
NaH2PO4 (pH = 2.83) and C: water. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min and
peaks were recorded at 260 nm. Mobile phase composition on the
XCharge SCX column was 50% A, 30% B. The optimized mobile phases
on Sunfire C18 column were A: 0.1% FA in ACN (v/v) and B: 0.1% FA in
water (v/v). Mobile phase composition on Sunfire C18 column started
at 10% A and shifted to 35% A over 30 min. Mobile phases for the
analysis of basic compounds on XBridge C18 column were A:
acetonitrile, B: 100 mmol/L NH4HCO3 (pH adjusted to 10.12 with
ammonia solution) and C: water. Mobile phase composition on
XBridge C18 column started at 20% A, 10% B, shifted to 30% A, 10% B
from 0 to 10 min, and finally shifted to 60% A, 10% B from 10 to
40 min.