1.
A new diagnostic test has been developed to Diagnose Disease Y. The new test was compared to the standard diagnostic test (“the gold standard”) on the same set of patients, and the following data were obtained:
Number of patients diagnosed by the new test as having Disease Y, who actually had Disease Y = 3,252
Number of patients in the group who were diagnosed by the standard test as having Disease Y = 4,579
Number of patients diagnosed by the new test as not having Disease Y = 4, 737
Number of patients diagnosed by the new test as having Disease Y, who actually do not have Disease Y= 784
The standard diagnostic test is a tissue biopsy, and therefore, is considered to be 100% sensitive for diagnosing Disease Y.
a.
Create the 2x2 table that shows this data
b.
Calculate:
i.
The sensitivity of the new test
ii.
The specificity of the new test
iii.
The false positive rate of the new test
iv.
The false negative rate of the new test
v.
The positive predictive value of the new test
vi.
The negative predictive value of the new test
vii.
The likelihood ratio positive for the new test
viii.
The likelihood ratio negative for the new test
2.
Two new tests have been developed to diagnose Condition Z. One test (Test A) measures a metabolite “Metabolite A” in the serum. The other test (Test B) measures a different metabolite, “Metabolite B” in the urine. After appropriate preliminary testing, human trials are conducted. Following informed consent, the two tests were run on a group of patients with each patient getting both tests, as well as the “gold standard” test for diagnosing Condition Z. The following data were obtained:
Important!!!!
Since some answers depend on the results you obtained in previous sections of the problem, it is important for you that you show *all* work, since I will give partial credit if your analysis and set up are correct, even if your numerical result is incorrect.
Serum level (metabolite A)
# of patients
Disease positive
Disease negative
(mg / ml)
(by gold standard)
(by gold standard)
0 – 1.99
25
22
3
2.0 – 3.99
273
201
72
4.0 – 5.99
584
572
12
6.0 – 7.99
538
529
9
8.0 – 9.99
175
170
5
>10.0
14
14
0
Urine level (metabolite B)
(ng/ml)
0 – 2.99
30
5
25
3.0 – 5.99
245
46
199
6.0 – 8.99
423
400
23
9.0 – 11.99
628
620
8
12.0 – 14.99
175
169
6
15.0 – 17.99
99
95
4
>18.0
9
9
0
a)
For test A, a cutoff value of 4.0 mg / ml of metabolite A is chosen as the boundary between a negative and a positive test result (i.e., values below 4.0 mg / ml
are considered “negative” and values of 4.0 mg / ml or greater are considered “positive”).
For test B, a cutoff value of 6.0 ng / ml for metabolite B is chosen as the boundary between a negative and a positive test result (i.e., values below 6.0 ng / ml are considered “negative” and values of 6.0 ng / ml or greater are considered.
1.A new diagnostic test has been developed to Diagnose Disease.docx
1. 1.
A new diagnostic test has been developed to Diagnose Disease
Y. The new test was compared to the standard diagnostic test
(“the gold standard”) on the same set of patients, and the
following data were obtained:
Number of patients diagnosed by the new test as having Disease
Y, who actually had Disease Y = 3,252
Number of patients in the group who were diagnosed by the
standard test as having Disease Y = 4,579
Number of patients diagnosed by the new test as not having
Disease Y = 4, 737
Number of patients diagnosed by the new test as having Disease
Y, who actually do not have Disease Y= 784
The standard diagnostic test is a tissue biopsy, and therefore, is
considered to be 100% sensitive for diagnosing Disease Y.
a.
Create the 2x2 table that shows this data
2. b.
Calculate:
i.
The sensitivity of the new test
ii.
The specificity of the new test
iii.
The false positive rate of the new test
iv.
The false negative rate of the new test
v.
The positive predictive value of the new test
vi.
The negative predictive value of the new test
3. vii.
The likelihood ratio positive for the new test
viii.
The likelihood ratio negative for the new test
2.
Two new tests have been developed to diagnose Condition Z.
One test (Test A) measures a metabolite “Metabolite A” in the
serum. The other test (Test B) measures a different metabolite,
“Metabolite B” in the urine. After appropriate preliminary
testing, human trials are conducted. Following informed
consent, the two tests were run on a group of patients with each
patient getting both tests, as well as the “gold standard” test for
diagnosing Condition Z. The following data were obtained:
Important!!!!
Since some answers depend on the results you obtained in
previous sections of the problem, it is important for you that
you show *all* work, since I will give partial credit if your
analysis and set up are correct, even if your numerical result is
incorrect.
8. 4
>18.0
9
9
0
a)
For test A, a cutoff value of 4.0 mg / ml of metabolite A is
chosen as the boundary between a negative and a positive test
result (i.e., values below 4.0 mg / ml
are considered “negative” and values of 4.0 mg / ml or greater
are considered “positive”).
For test B, a cutoff value of 6.0 ng / ml for metabolite B is
chosen as the boundary between a negative and a positive test
result (i.e., values below 6.0 ng / ml are considered “negative”
and values of 6.0 ng / ml or greater are considered “positive”).
9. i.
Create a fully labeled 2 x 2 table for test A
ii.
Create a fully labeled 2 x 2 table for test B
iii.
Which test is the more sensitive at diagnosing Condition Z?
iv.
Which test is the more specific at diagnosing Condition Z?
b)
What is the post-test probability of disease being present in a
patient with a positive test result
for test A
if the pre-test probability of Condition Z is 8%, and the cutoff
value of
4.0 mg/ml
is chosen?
