This document provides an overview of basic electronics concepts including electrical quantities like power, energy, sources and loads. It defines power as the product of voltage and current and energy as the product of power and time. It also describes lumped circuit elements, specifically discussing resistance and its definition as opposition to current flow. Resistance is defined using resistivity, length and cross-sectional area. Ohm's law relating voltage, current and resistance is also stated. Color coding for resistors and standard resistor values are explained.

1. Basic electronics
(2110016)
Branch: : INFORMATIONTECHNOLOGY
Presented by: Acharya Mansi(150450116001)
Guided by: Lalit sir

2. Contain
• Electrical quantities.
1) energy and power
2) sources and loads
• lumped circuit elements
1) resistance (R)

3. Electrical Quantities
• Power
• power in a Dc circuit is equal to the product of “voltage” and “current”.
P=v*I
• Unit : watt
• Power is also define as the rate of transfer of energy with respect to time.
Power = work done/time

4. Electrical energy
• Electrical energy is defined as the product of electric power and the time. - +
E=P*t v
• Unit = watt-hour or joules + -
• Energy is also define as the capacity to do work. source load
• Fig. Shows the load and source convention. Point A is at higher potential as compared to point B.
• The loads receives or absorbs the energy as the positive charge goes in the direction of current arrow from the higher to lower potential.
• The source is capable of supplying energy.
• The voltage source is sometime known as electromagnetic force (emf).
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5. LUMPED CIRCUIT ELEMENT:
Resistance (R)
• Resistance of a material is define as the opposition to flow of current. It is measured in ohms.
• Resistance of metals is small that means they are good conductor of electric current (opposition of
flow of current is less)
• The mathematical expression for the resistance of a conductor is,
R= ρ
𝒍
𝒂
where ρ= resistivity of material and it is constant
l= length of the conductor
a= cross sectional area
Ohm’s Law: V = I R

6. Conductance• The reciprocal of resistance is conductance (G), measured in Siemens (S)
G = 1/R (Siemens, S)
Conductivity
• conductivity is defined as the reciprocal of resistivity ,measured in
siemens/meter.

7. Color Coding and Standard Resistor Values
• Color coding was developed to identify resistors that were
too small for their resistance value to be printed on them.
• Color bands are always read from the end that has the bands
closest to it.
• 1st and 2nd band represent the first two digits
• 3rd band determines the power-of-ten multiplier (the number of
zeros following the second digit)
• 4th band is the manufacturer’s tolerance (precision of the resistor)
1st. & 2nd Color BandDigit it Represents-----Multiplier-----
BLACK 0 X1
BROWN 1 X10
RED 2 X100
ORANGE 3 X1,000 or 1K
YELLOW 4 X10,000 or 10K
GREEN 5 X100,000 or 100K
BLUE 6 X1,000,000 or 1M
VIOLET 7 Silver is divide by 100
GRAY 8 Gold is divide by 10
WHITE  9
 Tolerances
 Gold= 5%
 Silver=10%
 None=20%