Slavery Part I 1 3/24/2019 Things to Remember about Slavery It existed prior to European settlement in North America Slave trade from Africa to America Slave labor, culture, and legal status developed and changed from 1619 to 1863. Slavery had a direct impact to the economies of the Dutch, French, Spanish, and British in both the colonies and mainland Europe Slavery experienced changed based on time, geography, labor performed, and gender Slavery is the central cause of the Civil War Our current understandings of race and racism are one of the many legacies of slavery Slavery and African Americans had an important impact on American culture 2 3/24/2019 Slavery around the world Before the 15th century, most slaves were from Eastern Europe and Central Asia Slavery was a common side effect of war War-captured slaves were often integrated into their captor’s society and given freedom Slavery was not always hereditary Native Americans enslaved each other and were enslaved by Europeans 3 3/24/2019 Slavery in Africa Yes, slavery existed in Africa Yes, Africans sold other Africans into slavery Less brutal Slaves lived with their captors Weren’t automatically enslaved Sometimes could be freed and re-join their families. 4 3/24/2019 The Atlantic Slave Trade Middle Passage: The middle leg between Africa and the West Indies/ Colonies Middle Passage: 4-6 week transatlantic voyage 1 in 6 captives died in route, many by suicide, and almost 1 in 10 of the slave ships experienced a revolt. 5 3/24/2019 Number of Captives Embarked and Disembarked 6 3/24/2019 Start of Slavery in the Colonies 1619: Africans arrive in Jamestown for the purpose of slavery 1700 Africans = 11% of the population 1730= self sustaining 1750 80% of the slaves in the Chesapeake has been born there 1770, Africans are 20% of the population Slavery in New England was much less, about 2%. And because of the smaller population, they practiced “family slavery” where the slave would often share a roof with their owner and work along side them. 7 3/24/2019 Legal Status Difference between “Slave” and “Indentured Servant” IS had legal rights Slavery very quickly became racial and hereditary = inescapable Slave codes: Laws designed to control the imbalanced ratio of master to slave   African Slaves cannot have arms/weapons;  All children born to Slave mothers  (fathers) are enslaved;  Baptism/Christianity does not free one from slavery;  a master cannot be punished for the murder of a slave;  Slaves cannot leave their master’s land without permission;  Slaves who hit a white person = capital punishment For racial based slavery, the idea that people of a different color was just a fact of life. God had control over your destiny, so it wasn’t a personal evil against the owner, but rather just their lot in life. South Carolina’s slave codes were the most strict, and living in S.Carolina was the worst for slaves. They were literally worked to death beca ...

1. Slavery
Part I
1
3/24/2019
Things to Remember about Slavery
It existed prior to European settlement in North America
Slave trade from Africa to America
Slave labor, culture, and legal status developed and changed
from 1619 to 1863.
Slavery had a direct impact to the economies of the Dutch,
French, Spanish, and British in both the colonies and mainland
Europe
Slavery experienced changed based on time, geography, labor
performed, and gender
Slavery is the central cause of the Civil War
Our current understandings of race and racism are one of the
many legacies of slavery
Slavery and African Americans had an important impact on
American culture
2
3/24/2019
Slavery around the world
Before the 15th century, most slaves were from Eastern Europe
and Central Asia

2. Slavery was a common side effect of war
War-captured slaves were often integrated into their captor’s
society and given freedom
Slavery was not always hereditary
Native Americans enslaved each other and were enslaved by
Europeans
3
3/24/2019
Slavery in Africa
Yes, slavery existed in Africa
Yes, Africans sold other Africans into slavery
Less brutal
Slaves lived with their captors
Weren’t automatically enslaved
Sometimes could be freed and re-join their families.
4
3/24/2019
The Atlantic Slave Trade
Middle Passage: The middle leg between Africa and the West
Indies/ Colonies
Middle Passage: 4-6 week transatlantic voyage
1 in 6 captives died in route, many by suicide, and almost 1 in
10 of the slave ships experienced a revolt.
5

3. 3/24/2019
Number of Captives Embarked and Disembarked
6
3/24/2019
Start of Slavery in the Colonies
1619: Africans arrive in Jamestown for the purpose of slavery
1700 Africans = 11% of the population
1730= self sustaining
1750 80% of the slaves in the Chesapeake has been born there
1770, Africans are 20% of the population
Slavery in New England was much less, about 2%. And because
of the smaller population, they practiced “family slavery” where
the slave would often share a roof with their owner and work
along side them.
7
3/24/2019
Legal Status
Difference between “Slave” and “Indentured Servant”
IS had legal rights
Slavery very quickly became racial and hereditary = inescapable
Slave codes: Laws designed to control the imbalanced ratio of
master to slave
African Slaves cannot have arms/weapons;
All children born to Slave mothers (fathers) are enslaved;
Baptism/Christianity does not free one from slavery;
a master cannot be punished for the murder of a slave;

4. Slaves cannot leave their master’s land without permission;
Slaves who hit a white person = capital punishment
For racial based slavery, the idea that people of a different color
was just a fact of life. God had control over your destiny, so it
wasn’t a personal evil against the owner, but rather just their lot
in life.
South Carolina’s slave codes were the most strict, and living in
S.Carolina was the worst for slaves. They were literally worked
to death because it was cheaper to import a new slave than to
limit their production and take better care of them.
Because of the harsh treatment of slavery and the imbalance of
the master to race, there was always a fear of rebellion. So very
quickly they came up with rules with harsh punishment to
prevent that.
Virginia 1639: African Slaves cannot have arms, Virginia
1662:All children born to Slave mothers are enslaved
Maryland 1664: If a free-born slave woman marries and
produces a child with a slave = slave
Virginia 1667: Baptism does not free one from slavery
Virginia 1705: a master cannot be punished for the murder of a
slave
South Carolina 1712: Slaves cannot leave their master’s land
without permission
Louisiana 1724: Slaves who hit a white person = capital
punishment
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5. Economic Impact
A better investment than indentured servants
Slavery was used to produce labor-intensive products
Rice
tobacco,
Indigo
Mining
Sugar
Slavery found in each colony
South: Plantation style
New England: Family Slavery
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Rebellions and their Reactions
Slave revolt in New York City 1712
Stono Rebellion 1739
Stono, South Carolina
Negro Act of 1740: more oversight of slave activities (like can’t
worship in secret) and reduced penalties for killing a slave
Conspiracy of 1741
Overall, Rebellions were rare because of the harsh punishments
Smaller resistances more likely
NYC 1712 slaves revolted killing whites as they attempted to
fight the fires the slaves had started. The local militia captured
27 slaves. 6 committed suicide and the rest were executed. NYC
passed a black code.
Jemmy, killed owner, seized weapons headed south towards
Spanish Florida where they would be free, gathered more

6. recruits a long the way. The slave army grew, killing 25 whites
and walking 15 miles. The militia caught up with them and most
of the rebels were killed. Just to make sure they made their
point, the white militia members killed 60 more slaves who had
not rebelled, and decapitated them, lining their heads along the
main road.
NYC 1741 – a female indentured servant said there was a plot
for the slaves and IS to burn the city down. The “plotters”
probably a man who the IS had a vendetta against, his family,
and two slaves were all hung for their “crimes” eventually the
fear and killing spread to kill 17 other slaves, 4 whites, and 13
blacks while many more were deported.
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Primary Source: created by a witness to history
· Types: Journals, Correspondence, contemporary newspaper
articles, photos, artwork, material culture, oral histories
Secondary Source: created through analyzing primary sources
· Types: textbook, other books, modern journals or newspapers,
some websites
Primary Source
A primary source is something that is created by a witness to
history. Examples of this could be journals, correspondence, a
contemporary newspaper article (what we mean by
contemporary is a newspaper article that was written at the time
of the event). So a newspaper from the Civil War is a primary
source. More examples of primary sources are photographs or
contemporary artwork.
Material culture is also a primary source, like a house, a teacup,
any object that you can physically touch falls underneath
material culture.
Primary sources can also be audio, like a contemporary song or
an oral history, or interview, of person who witnessed history.

7. Secondary Sources
Now a secondary source is something that is created through
analyzing different primary sources.
A great example, of course is your textbook any other book
that's published that's nonfiction. Other secondary sources could
be modern journal or a newspaper. So if the New York Times
wrote something about Photographs of the Civil War that would
be a secondary source, right? They're using the primary source
of the photographs to write an article analyzing it.
Websites
Most of the websites that you come across are also going to be
secondary sources.
Now, I say most because there's a huge caveat that a lot of
primary sources now are digitized and are online. For example,
if you go to the Library of Congress website
Almost all of the material on the Library of Congress's website
is going to be a primary source. But they have secondary
sources that tell you about a time in American history using the
primary sources in their collections.
The rule of thumb is a primary source is created by a person
who experienced an event in history.
A Secondary source pulls together all different types of primary
sources and then comes up with an argument about it.
Essay Prompt
1. Please explore slavery in US History. (1) Explain the origins
of slavery in the American colonies, (2) the realities of slavery
(e.g. their lives, abuse, economies, etc), (3) and its role in
causing the Civil War, referencing at least two Conflicts or
Compromises that resulted in the Civil War. Please use evidence
from your textbook, primary source readings, lectures, videos to
support your argument. Be flexible in your thinking, as answers
are everywhere.
· This essay must be a MINIMUM 8-11 paragraphs (a paragraph

8. is 3-5 complete sentences, not fragments, not bullet points). 1
paragraph of introduction, 6-9 paragraphs for the body, 1
paragraph of conclusion. You can write more if needed.
· Each essay must include a thesis statement. You need to make
an actual argument that needs to be supported with facts.
· Each essay needs to rely on evidence found in classroom
lectures, our textbook, and the OER textbook. YOU MAY NOT
use outside sources, like the internet, without prior
approval. Another thing that we watched is Many Rivers to
Cross movie on Amazon Prime.
· https://openstax.org/details/books/us-history?Book%20details-
----------TEXTBOOK Link
· You must use a primary and secondary source. Lectures do not
count.
· You must cite where you got each piece of evidence [For
Example: “The Boston Tea Party happened on December 16,
1773” (US History, pg 130) or “Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address
avoids discussion the role of slavery in the Civil War
(“Gettysburg Address” in Created Equal) or “The City on a Hill
Speech was based off Matthew 5:14” (Early Colonial Life
Lecture)]
· Include a works cited page.
· Use MLA Style citations