Preparation of Rayon Fiber using cuprammonium process

1. 2018-19
SAKSHI SINGH
XII-B
ROLL NO. 14
SUBMITTED TO:
MRS.ANITA SHUKLA
CHEMISTRY
PROJECT
PREPARATION OF RAYON
FIBRE(ARTIFICIAL SILK)

2. This is to certify that SAKSHI SINGH of
class XII-B has successfully completed the
Chemistry project on the topic-“Preparation of
Rayon Fibre”.
This project is the result of her endeavours &
research. It is finalised under our guidance &
supervision in the academic year 2018-19.
Principal’sSignature Teacher’sSignature

3. It gives me immense pleasure to present the Chemistry
Project (Topic-“Preparation of Rayon Fibre(artificial
silk)”). It would not have been possible without the kind
support of Mrs. Shabnam Shadab and my teacher in
charge, Mrs. Anita Shukla, under whose guidance and
constant supervision the project was brought to the
present state. I would also like to express my gratitude
towards our Principal Sr. Jisy Sebastian for her kind co-
operation which helped me in the completion of this
project.
I am also thankful to the C.B.S.E for giving me such an
amazing opportunity for making the project.
(Sakshi Singh)

4. TOPIC Pg. No.
INTRODUCTION 1
AIM 2
APPARATUS 3
CHEMICALS 4
THEORY 5
PROCEDURE 6
OBSERVATIONS & RESULT 7
REACTIONS INVOLVED 10
PRECAUTIONS 11
BIBLIOGRAPHY 12
REMARKS 13

5. Natural fibres are chief raw materials for the
preparation of rayon. Term rayon includes all
synthetic fibres obtained from cellulose and are
used commercially in fibre manufacturing cellulose
can be converted into cupra silk acetate rayon and
viscose rayon depending upon the mode of
treatment it undergoes while preparing rayon.
Among these viscose rayon is the most common.
Cellulose is an insoluble material which is first
converted into a soluble derivative called viscose.
Rayon also called artificial silk is used for
manufacturing of Fabrics like stocking, shirts,
sarees etc.

6. To prepare rayon
threads using
cuprammonium
process.

7. Beakers(250 ml)
Conicalflask(250ml)
Funnel
Filter paper
Glass rod
Cotton wool(1-1.5g)
Syringe

8.  Copper sulphate
 50% ammonia
solution
 Dil H2SO4

9. The first step is a reaction of Copper sulphate solution with aqueous
ammonia to form tetra-amine-copper(II) ions:
The solution (tetra-amine-copper(II) solution) formed during this
reaction is known as Schweitzer’s reagent.
When the insoluble cellulose is added to this solution it is converted to
a soluble complex compound. This in turn is converted into insoluble
rayon once the pH is reduced to the acidic value found in molar
sulfuric acid. Accordingly, rayon precipitates out when extruded into
the acid. The blue colour quickly fades away after the copper(II) ions
diffuse into the solution.
On an industrial level, the blue solution is passed through spinnerets
and regenerated in a hardening bath that neutralises the product and
removes the copper and ammonia.
‘Cuprammonium rayon’ is usually made in fine filaments that are used
in blouses, lightweight summer dresses and in combination with cotton
for textured fabrics.
The ‘cuprammonium process’ duplicated in this activity is one of the
earliest methods used for producing rayon, but is less cost-effective
now than some other more modern methods.
Rayon is used to manufacture carpets, tyre cords and surgical
materials as well as clothing.

10. (i) To prepare cuprammonium hydroxide solution :
Weigh about 20 g of crystalline copper sulphate in a clean watch glass
dissolve it in 100 ml of water taken in beaker. Add 40ml of ammonia
solution to this solution. Filter the precipitate and wash them with
water. Now add 50 ml. ammonia solution into precipitate. The
resulting solution is Schweizers reagent used for dissolving cellulose.
(ii) Dissolving the cellulose matter :
Add I-1.5 gm of cotton wool to the cuprammonium solution taken in
conical flask close the flask with rubber stopper and allow it to stand
for 3-4 days. In this time, cotton wool completely dissolved leaving a
viscous solution called viscose.
(iii) Formation of rayon filaments :
The viscose solution is taken in a syringe. Then the nozzle of the
syringe is dipped H2SO4 solution. Squeeze out the viscose into the acid
and at the same time keep on moving the nozzle in the acid solution
long filaments of rayon will be formed in the Beaker the acid bath.
The filament changes to white then rayon fibre is removed from acid
bath and washed with water and dried up the threads.

11. Rayon fibre
threads are
prepared

14. Cuso4 + 2NH4OH→ Cu(OH)2 + (NH4)2SO4
Pale blue ppt.
Cu(OH)2+ 4NH4OH→[Cu(NH3)4](OH)2+4H2O

15. a) Addition of excess NH3 should be
avoided.
b) Before taking the viscose in the
syringe make sure that the cotton
particles are completely dissolved
otherwise, it would clog the needle of
the syringe.
c) Use a thick needle otherwise the
fibres won’t come out.

16.  source from our chemistry
teacher
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