A fluorescent lamp uses a gas discharge process to produce visible light from ultraviolet radiation. It consists of a discharge tube containing mercury vapor, as well as a ballast and starter to provide the necessary voltage for ionizing the gas. When power is applied, the starter provides a high voltage pulse that ionizes the gas, causing it to emit UV light which excites a phosphor coating and produces visible light. Fluorescent lamps are commonly used for commercial lighting due to their efficiency and low heat production compared to incandescent bulbs.

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*Wiring is a process to connect
electric supply to various electrical
loads through a switch.

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*A fluorescent lamp is a low weight mercury vapour
lamp that uses fluorescence to deliver visible light.
*An electric current in the gas energizes mercury
vapor which delivers ultraviolet radiation through
discharge process.
*And the ultraviolet radiation causes the phosphor
coating of the lamp inner wall to radiate visible
light.

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*Discharge tube.
*Ballast(choke)
*Starter

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*When the switch is ON, current cannot pass through the
tube as gas is not in ionized condition. In order to ionize the
gas, an initial high current (800V-1000V) is required for
short interval across terminals.
* A starter provide a path to complete the circuit. It switches
ON and OFF the current through the choke.
*As a result, a very high VOLTAGE is formed between the
ends of the choke and then b/w the ends of TUBE.
*It heats up the filament which emits the electrons in the
tube. Within seconds, the current through filaments is
interrupted leaving full line voltage applied between
filaments at the ends of the tube.
*On excitation, the mercury atom emits light at wavelength
of 254nm which is deep UV. The colour of emitted light is
determined by PHOSPHOR.

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*It is used for commercial lightening. For
example in Offices, Factories, Stores and
Schools etc.
*It converts about 22% of the power input to
visible light.
*It has little energy loss in terms of heat.
*It operates best around room temperature but
for outdoor uses, It is covered by a metal shade

10. *
*All connections should be made tight
and neat.
*Care must be taken while using tools.
*Accessories should be fixed tightly.
*When wiring, please be sure to turn off
the power.

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*CFL – Compact Fluorescent Lamp
*also called compact fluorescent light, energy-saving
light, and compact fluorescent tube, is a fluorescent
lamp designed to replace an incandescent lamps.
*The lamps use a tube which is curved or folded to fit
into the space of an incandescent bulb, and a compact
electronic ballast in the base of the lamp.
*A CFL has a higher purchase price than an incandescent
lamp, but can save over five times its purchase price in
electricity costs over the lamp's lifetime.

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*A Light Emitting Diode (LED)
is one of the latest inventions
and is extensively used these
days.
An LED is just like a
normal p n junction diode,
but with light-emitting
properties.

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*Like an ordinary diode, the LED diode works
when it is forward biased. In this case, the n-
type semiconductor is heavily doped than the p-
type forming the p-n junction.
*When it is forward biased, the potential barrier
gets reduced and the electrons and holes
combine at the depletion layer (or active
layer), light or photons are emitted or radiated
in all directions.

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*Electronic displays such as OLEDs,
micro-LEDs, quantum dots etc.
*As an LED indicator.
*In remote controls.
*Lightings.

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*https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=px-
tLu4OkuM&t=92s
*https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zy_K1fkSAaw
*https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wl45Rrt4j2U

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