Rightscaling stewardship: a multi-dimensional perpsective on OSU & CIC print collections
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Presentation at March 2014 symposium on shared print, summarizing findings from an analysis of print book collections of academic libraries in the Committee on Institutional Cooperation/Big 10.
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Rightscaling stewardship: a multi-dimensional perpsective on OSU & CIC print collections
- 1. A multi-dimensional perspective on OSU & CIC print collections Brian Lavoie Constance Malpas 27 March 2014 Right-scaling Stewardship Regional Print Management: Right-scaling Solutions Dublin, Ohio USA #regionalprint
- 2. Roadmap • Background • The print book landscape • Ohio State print book collection & CIC collective print book resource – Profiles of rare and core print book assets • “Centers of distinction” & network demand • Key Insights
- 3. Background: OSU/CIC print book study • Explore regional-scale cooperative print strategy – From an institutional (OSU) perspective – From a consortial (CIC) perspective • Based on shared, centrally managed collection, and network of local collections • Analysis: WorldCat bibliographic & holdings data • Findings intended to inform, not prescribe – Do not necessarily reflect intentions of OSU or CIC – Not making recommendations, but an evidence base to inform strategic planning – Specific to OSU/CIC; patterns of analysis of broader interest 3
- 4. The Print Book Landscape 4
- 5. 2.7m 12.4m CHI-PITTS: 19.0m N. America: 49.8m World: 157.4m *As represented in Print books: Distinct publications* January 2013
- 6. OSU print book collection & CIC print book resource 6
- 7. Size (distinct print book publications) 12.4 million 2.7 million
- 8. Bilateral overlap OSU vis-à-vis CIC MICHIGAN 49 ILLINOIS 49 CHICAGO 46 WISCONSIN 44 INDIANA 43 MINNESOTA 41 IOWA 37 PENN STATE 37 MICH STATE 35 NORTHWESTERN 32 NEBRASKA 26 PURDUE 20 % of OSU’s print book collection also held by comparison institution CIC vis-à-vis OSU PURDUE 59 NEBRASKA 58 PENN STATE 48 MICH STATE 48 IOWA 47 NORTHWESTERN 42 INDIANA 39 MINNESOTA 39 ILLINOIS 35 MICHIGAN 34 WISCONSIN 34 CHICAGO 31 % of comparison institution book collection also held by OSU
- 9. Comparison to CIC collective print book resource # of Books Overlap w/CIC PURDUE 0.9m 0.93 NEBRASKA 1.2m 0.93 IOWA 2.1m 0.89 MICH STATE 2.0m 0.88 PENN STATE 2.1m 0.85 NORTHWESTERN 2.0m 0.83 OHIO STATE 2.7m 0.83 INDIANA 3.0m 0.83 MINNESOTA 2.9m 0.81 WISCONSIN 3.9m 0.80 ILLINOIS 3.8m 0.79 MICHIGAN 3.9m 0.76 CHICAGO 4.1m 0.76 % of local collection held by at least 1 other CIC member
- 10. OSU: Rare & core print book assets 3 or less: 38% 4 to 7: 30% 8 to 10: 18% More than 10: 14% Total # of CIC holdings Percent of OSU collection OSU’s “rare” print book asset (~1 m books) OSU’s “core” print book asset (~400K books)
- 11. CIC: Rare & core print book assets 3 or less: 76% 4 to 7: 16% 8 to 10: 5% More than 10: 3% Total # of CIC holdings Percent of CIC collective collection CIC’s “core” print book asset (~400K books) CIC’s “rare” print book asset (~9.4 m books)
- 12. English German French Spanish Russian Latin Italian Greek, Ancient Others English German French Spanish Chinese Russian Italian Japanese Arabic Portuguese Others CIC rare & core: Language Core Rare 458 distinct languages 67 distinct languages
- 13. 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% Percent Decade Rare Core CIC rare & core: Age Rare: 27% published pre-1950 Core: 9% published pre-1950
- 14. CIC rare & core: Subject Humanities: 50% STEM: 20% Social Sciences: 30% Humanities: 63% Social Sciences: 22% STEM: 15% Rare Core
- 15. 15 • Scale is key – No CIC member accounts for half of OSU’s collection; CIC accounts for 83% • “Rareness is common” – 38% of OSU print book collection “rare”; 14% “core” – 76% of CIC collective collection “rare”; 3% “core” • Emerging profiles … • CIC collecting activity exhibits of shared investment & diversity – CIC members’ print book collections differ significantly – More than 75% of CIC collective print book resource “rare” – But: matching local and consortial profiles of rare & core Rare print book: Highly likely to be non-English Highly likely to be humanities Probably older than average Core print book: Almost certainly English Even chance: humanities or social sciences/STEM Probably more recent than average Takeaways …
- 17. 17 Centers reveal patterns in local investment institutional priorities singular strengths Comps reflect scope of local holdings coverage of global literature cooperative synergies http://outgoing.typepad.com/outgoing/2013/05/ centers-and-coverage.html More information: Many related titles Many representative works
- 18. FAST Coverage compared to WorldCat Heading OSU Rank compared to other CIC libraries OSU Rank compared to other WorldCat libraries fst01008312 67.20% Manuscripts, Church Slavic 1 1 fst00848081 61.20% Cartoonists 1 1 fst00980348 59.80% Israeli poetry 1 4 fst00807464 43.80% American wit and humor, Pictorial 1 1 fst00954398 36.80% Hebrew poetry 1 13 fst01205076 33.10% Ohio—Columbus 1 1 fst00812274 30.30% Arabic fiction 2 10 fst01108635 26.90% Science fiction, American 1 11 fst00812533 23.70% Arabic poetry 2 13 fst00869145 20.40% Comic books, strips, etc. 1 1 Centers of Distinction
- 19. Shared Centers South Asia: Chicago & Wisconsin Russian Literature: Indiana, Michigan, Northwestern, Ohio State Soil Surveys: Iowa, Illinois, Minnesota, Penn State, Wisconsin Opportunities to deepen collaboration
- 20. Takeaways … • Institutionally distinctive centers may be important differentiators for libraries – Local management priority • Shared centers represent areas of shared investment that can be leveraged as collective asset – Candidates for ‘above the institution’ management • No institutional collection is an island – Preserving scope of collective resource is a shared responsibility 20
- 21. Optimizing Supply & Demand 21
- 22. CIC Inter-lending Activity Borrowing • 1,215,831 requests • 801,700 titles borrowed • 5,160 libraries (symbols) filled requests from 29 CIC libraries • Avg. requests per title: 1.45 • Avg. holdings per title: 138 (median = 44) • 84% books Lending • 1,330,831 requests • 888,996 titles loaned • 29 CIC libraries (symbols) filled requests from 5,266 libraries • Avg. requests per title: 1.43 • Avg. holdings per title: 128 (median = 43) • 90% books 22 Analysis based on all returnable CIC borrows/loans placed 1 Jan 2006-10 May 2013
- 23. Alternative Supply Chain: HathiTrust 23 Titles Borrowed by CIC Libraries Titles Loaned by CIC Libraries Public domain digital surrogates available for 2-3% of titles borrowed & loaned by CIC
- 24. Takeaways … • Network demand relatively low compared to total size of CIC collective print book resource – Removing frictions in discovery/delivery of collective CIC resource may increase its value • Aggregate CIC print book resource is rich and varied; supports thousands of libraries across North America – Institution and CIC-scale decisions about print retention will affect larger library system • CIC libraries: 30% of titles loaned, 20% of titles borrowed, duplicated by HathiTrust; ~3% available as public domain – Strengthens incentive to coordinate CIC shared print strategy with HathiTrust 24
- 25. Key Insights 25
- 26. Key Insights • Scale adds scope and depth Shared print strategy as much about identifying and leveraging distinctive local and consortial strengths as it is about consolidation and reducing redundancy • Uniqueness/scarcity is relative Titles that appear scarce at CIC-scale are comparatively abundant in larger library system • Coverage requires cooperation Even the largest institutional collections are far from comprehensive; preserving the collective resource will require coordination on a large scale 26
- 27. 27 If there is one principlethat warrants special emphasis, it is that scale impacts nearly all the fundamental characteristics of a collective print resource and the cooperation needed to sustain it... “right-scaling” stewardship of the collective print investment becomes the central question of any shared print strategy. “ ” B. Lavoie, C. Malpas 2014, page XX
- 28. Symposium Roadmap • Right-scaling stewardship: print monographs What determines the appropriate scale of collaboration? • Selecting for Sustainability How will stewardship of print monographs be distributed? How will it be supported? • Making it work: service models and operations How do we mobilize distributed resources as a collective asset? How can we coordinate across consortia? The Future of Print Books: what to withdraw (and what to retain) Research Libraries & Shared Print Stewardship: the director’s cut 28 * *
- 29. ©2014 OCLC. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Suggested attribution: “This work uses content from [presentation title] © OCLC, used under a Creative Commons Attribution license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/” lavoie@oclc.org malpasc@oclc.org Questions and feedback welcome.
Editor's Notes
- Slide 26 Scale adds scope and depth. This is the idea that local print book collections are sufficiently distinctive that aggregation across print collections creates a rich and diverse long tail within the collective print book resource. The CIC experience illustrates this vividly: As we saw, three-quarters of the CIC print book resource is accounted for by materials that are relatively scarce within the context of the CIC. Centers analysis showed patterns of distinctive collecting activity across the CIC membership that are of course then reflected in the CIC print book resource as a whole. Suggests that a shared print strategy may be just as much about identifying and leveraging distinctive local and consortial strengths as it is about consolidation and reducing redundancy. Uniqueness is relative. So scale increases the scope and depth of a collective print book resource, but at the same time, it expands the core of widely-held materials as well. In other words, books that may appear scarce at say, the consortial level, may in fact be quite plentiful at the regional or North American scale. We saw examples of this in the analysis. For example, no single CIC member could account for even half of OSU’s print book collection, but the CIC as a whole accounts for more than 80 percent of OSU’s collection. This is why the print book landscape we looked at the beginning of the presentation is important – the scale of cooperation plays a critical role in shaping the nature of the distinctive strengths that emerge within the collective resource. Coverage requires collaboration. As our print landscape shows, no single institutional collection – or even collective collection, short of global scale – covers the full extent of the world-wide print book resource. On a smaller scale, we saw that OSU only covers a fraction of the CIC collective print book resource. Also saw this with the centers analysis: even those institutions who have done the most intensive collecting in particular subject areas often hold less than a third of the available literature in that area. This emphasizes the importance and value of cooperation in print management, and also tells us that the scale of cooperation must grow as the scale of the resource grows. So these are some general themes that are likely to be particularly important in shaping the development of shared print strategies, both within the CIC and elsewhere.
- Scale Selection Coordination