isiZulu (isifundo sezincazelo)

1. Isifundo Sezincazelo/
Semantics
Isifundo sezincazelo simayelana nezincazelo
zamagama, zeqoqo lamagama noma
umusho ophelele. Singafunda ngesemanthiki
yegama, yeqoqo lamagama kanye
neyomusho ophelele
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2. Izincazelo zamagama
• Ngokwencazelo IsiZulu njengezinye izilimi
sinamagama esiwehlukanisa kanjena
ngokwencazelo yawo:
- A) Ophimbohluka (Polysemies)
- B) Omabizwafane (Puns)
- C) Omqondofana (Synonyms)
- D) Omqondophika (Antonyms)
- E) Ofuzamqondo (Words with similar meanings)
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3. Ophimbohluka
• Lana ngamagama abhaleka ngokufana kodwa
ahlukanayo ngokwephimbo lapho uwaphimisa:
Ugogo
Ingoma
Ufunani?
Umfundisi
Kubalulekile ukwazi ukukhombisa ukuguquka
kwephimbo kula magama. Bese-ke wazi izincazelo
zamagama ngokuphimiseka kwawo
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4. Omabizwafane/Puns
• La magama kuthiwa angomabizwafane ngoba lapho
uwabiza ayefana kodwa izincazelo zawo azifani. Ngamanye
amazwi igama elilodwa lingaba nezincazelo ezimbili
ezahlukene. Bheka lapha:
Icala – uhlangothi;
Imbulu – isilwane; umuntu onocenga noma
kungasafanele
Ikhabe – isitshalo esidliwa siluhlaza; umuntu okwazi
ukusebenzisa izandla zombili ngokufanayo
Ilanga – imbulunga esemkhathini phezulu; usuku
Ake sixoxe ngamanye amagama eniwaziyo. Yimaphi lawo
magama?
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5. Omqondofana/Synonyms
• Lawa ngamagama ahlukene amabili noma ngaphezulu
kodwa anencazelo eyodwa efana ncamashi:
ibhuku > incwadi
ifoni > ucingo
isigebengu > inswelaboya
umfana > umkhapheyana
indoda > injeza
inkomo > imanta/imayi
ukudla > ukumaya
ikhanda > ichelezo
Omqondofana bavela ngenxa yokukhula kolimi kanye nesiko
lokuhlonipha.
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6. Omqondophika/Antonyms
• Amagama abhaleka abuye aphimiseke ngokungefani,
amqondo uphikisana nowelinye
uvukuvale –
umfokazana –
isigqala –
igcokama –
isigwili –
izaqheqhe –
impi –
khala –
vala –
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7. Ofuzamqondo
• La magama anomqondo elinye elifuze owelinye:
- umsila –
- ucingo –
- inkatha –
- inqola –
- ingonyama –
- usiba –
- ihlamvu –
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