Subtropical grape breeding india

Breeding for Sub-Tropical Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.)
in India: Current Status and Future Prospects
Dr M. K. Verma
Principal Scientist (Hort. Fruit Science)
Division of Fruits and Horticultural Technology
ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute
New Delhi-110012, India
8th Indian Horticulture Congress (HSI), 17th January, 2019ICAR-IndianAgriculturalResearchInstitute(IARI)
NewDelhi-110012

• World area under grape 6,931 mha; production 7,428 mMT (FAO, 2017).
• In India, area 137 thousand ha; Production 2911 thousand MT(MoA & FW, 2017).
• India exported, 232.9 thousand MT of Rs. 2,08,835 lakhs (APEDA, 2017).
• Subtropics, 360 ha (0.26%) and production 8970 MT (0.03%) (NHB, 2017).
Introduction
ICAR-IndianAgriculturalResearchInstitute(IARI)
NewDelhi-110012
State Area
(‘000 ha)
Production
(‘000 MT)
Yield
(t/ha)
Punjab 0.31 (86%) 8.74 (97.4%) 28.39
Haryana 0.04 (11%) 0.20 (2.3%) 5.16
Rajasthan 0.01 (2.8%) 0.03 (0.3%) 3.00
Total (India) 137.0 2911.o 21.25
Table. Area, production and productivity of
grapes in
Region-I Mild temperate to subtropical (Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh,
Rajasthan, Delhi
Region-II Peninsular India (Telangana, Rayalseema, north interior Karnataka,
Western Ghats in Maharashtra)
Region-III Tamilnadu, Bangalore, Kolar, Mysore

Prospects
Prospects of grape growing in subtropical
grapes
– Suitable agro-climatic conditions: Subtropical
– Off-season crop : During Summers
– Comparatively safer produce: Dry summers
escapes from diseases and pests
– Higher yield potential: In Punjab productivity
28 t/ha
– Less incidence of pest and diseases:
– Lesser cost of production: Less number of plant
protection measures.
– Sufficient availability of growing degree days:
1400-1600 Degree days
NewDelhi-110012

– Shorter growing season : 80-90 Days After
Full Bloom
– Difficulty to achieve desirable TSS.
– Occurrence of pre-monsoon showers : 1st
week of June
– Rain induced cracking: Majority of
varieties susceptible
– Moderate Incidence of pest and diseases:
Anthracnose, Downey mildew, termites
NewDelhi-110012
Challenges for subtropical grapes

Why breeding for subtropical grapes required?
Applied
• Lack of early ripening, high yielding and superior quality
grape varieties is limiting the grape cultivation in North India.
Basic
• Genetic analysis of important breeding traits
• Evaluation of genetic resources and recent cultivars with
respect to essential breeding traits as well as fungus and virus
resistance
• Standardization of reproducible methods for quantitative
resistance assessment and differentiation
• Plant cell, tissue and organ culture, somatic hybridization,
embryo rescue technology
• Mutagenesis and polyploidization in vitro and in vivo as well
as determination of the ploidy level
• Development of molecular markers for marker assisted
selection (MAS) and estimation of the genetic diversity
NewDelhi-110012

Breeding Objectives
• Evolving varieties with superior quality
(seedlessness, acceptable TSS, bold berry, loose
bunch) and high yield which ripen before rainy
season sets in North India.
• Developing varieties resistant to downy mildew,
powdery mildew, anthracnose and mealy bug.
• Evolving varieties with fruitfulness of basal buds
and less degree of apical dominance at budbreak.
• To develop grape variety for juice purpose having
traits like coloured juice, early maturing, and
higher yield.
NewDelhi-110012

Genetics of Important Traits
• Berry maturity: Highly variable, quantitative genes
• Berry Size: Highly variable, quantitative genes
• Seedlessness (Stenospermocarpic): Genetics is still not clear, 10-
40 Seedless progeny (Seeded x Seedless); upto 84% seedless
(seedless x seedless + embryo rescue)
• Loose bunch: Highly variable, quantitative genes
• Berry colour: controlled by two pair of genes with epistatic
action (‘B’, a dominat for black fruit, and ‘R’, a dominat for red
fruit, white fruited are recessive for both ‘B’ & ‘R’).
Anthocyanins controlled by two genes: ‘G’ controlling diglucoside
or ‘g’ controlling monoglucoside, and ‘O’ specific to triphenols or
‘o’ specific to diphenols.
• TSS: Total sugar content have additive effect with broad sense of
heritability (0.61-0.84.
• Malic acid: Additive with broad sense heritability from 0.73-0,89.
• Tartaric acid: Non-additive, broad sense heritability 0.59-0.84.
• Total acid: strongly additive, broad sense heritability 0.53-0.90.
NewDelhi-110012

Materials & Methods
Donor parents for
• Early maturity: ‘Pearl of Csaba’, ‘Perlette’, ‘Beauty Seedless’,
‘Madeline Angevine’.
• Bold berry: ‘Cardinal’, ‘Red Globe’, ‘Hur’, ‘Banqui Abyad’.
• Seedlessness: ‘Beauty Seedless’, ‘Perlette’, ‘Flame Seedless’,
‘Delight’.
• Loose bunch: ‘Cardinal’, ‘Black Muscat’.
• Coloured berries (for juice): ‘Ruby Red’, ‘Beauty Seedless’, ‘Pusa
Navrang’.
• High TSS: ‘Bharat Early’, ‘PoC’, ‘Himrod’, ‘Perlette’, ‘Beauty
Seedless’.
NewDelhi-110012
• Seeded x seeded grape
• Seeded x seedless grape
• Seedless x seedless
grape
• Seedless x seeded grape

Methodology/ Breeding strategy
• Introduction: New varieties from USA, USSR,
Yogoslavia, Australia, France, Germany, Italy,
Bulgaria
• Clonal Selection: From already existed varieties in
India
• Hybridization: Varietal hybridization utilizing early
maturing with superior quality traits varieties.
• Hybridization and embryo rescue: Varietal
hybridization utilizing early maturing with superior
quality traits varieties.
NewDelhi-110012

Results and Discussion
Pre-Independence grape breeding program
• 1st introduction were made during 1838 (Watt, 1893).
• Punjab was 1st state stated comprehensive introductions
and trials for adaptability testing at Lyallpur (West
Pakistan) in 1928 under the Leadership of Sh. Lal Singh
(Head, Deptt of Hort). He introduced from USA,
Australia, Afghanistan, Russia. Collected 166 varieties at
Lyallpur (Singh & Singh, 1940, 1942).
• Singh and Singh (1940) described 66 varieties grown at
Lyallpur
• Mustafa and Giana (1941) described Afghanistan
varieties.
NewDelhi-110012

• Randhawa and co-workers initiated work in 1950s.
• 1118 varieties were introduced at various research stations in the country and evaluated.
• Initial varietal evaluation work was reported from Randhawa and Singh, 1958; Chadha and
Randhawa, 1965; Mukherjee et al., 1965), Punjab aand Harayana (Nauriyal, 1965 and
Randhawa et a., 1967), Uttar Pradesh (Singh, 1961, 1962; Prasad and Nand, 1964; Nand, 1965),
Maharashtra (Phadnis, 1965 and Phadnis et al. 1968), Kandaghat (Varma, 1947), Abohar
(Jawanda, 1965, Nauriyan et al., 1967), Hissar (Daulta, 1969), Lucknow (Kurtkoti, 1963).
• Joshi (1961) described 36 varieties at Ganesh Khind Garden, Poona.
• Chadha (1965) most systematic work was carried out on 108 varieties at IARI, New Delhi
• Mustafa (1967) described another 20 varieties.
• Attempts have been made to screen varieties for susceptibility or resistance to rust (Phakopsora
ampelopsides Diet.), downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola (Berk. & Curt. ) Berl. & de Toni),
anthracnose (Gloeosporium ampelophagum (de Bary) Sacc.), powdery mildew (Uncinula necator
(Schw.) Burr.) and Cercospora leaf' spot (Cercospora viticola) at the Horticultural Research
Station, Saharanpur (Prasad and Nirvan, 1965), Regional Fruit Research Station, Abohar
(Jeyarajan et at., 1969), and the Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta (Sohi and
Sridhar, 1970, 1971; Sridhar and Sohi, 1970).
• Pioneering work on grape breeding was started at IARI, New Delhi by Dr G.S. Randhawa and
his co-workers in late 1950s. Introduced from
– USA
– USSR
– Yugoslavia
– Australia, France, Germany, Italy, Bulgaria
NewDelhi-110012 Post-Independence to till Early 1970s breeding program

NewDelhi-110012 Grape Breeding: Phase I (Introduction):
Foundation of subtropical grape breeding through germplasm introduction
IARI, New Delhi , PAU, Ludhiana, HAU, Hisar (Maturity period & TSS under Delhi
conditions)
Varieties
Introduced
(Important):
from Pre-
Independence to
1970
Alamwick (2nd wk June; 16-18%),
Anab-e-Shahi (last wk June; 14-16%),
Banqui Abyad (4th wk May, 20%),
Beauty Seedless (1st wk June, 18-21%),
Bharat Early (4th Wk June, 20-22%),
Black Muscat (3rd wk June, 16-18%),
Black Prince (4th wk June, 17-18%),
Cardinal (3rd wk June, TSS 18-20%),
Delight (Last wk May, 18-21%),
Gold (2nd wk June, 16-18%),
Gulabi (3rd wk June, 18-20%: not susceptible to cracking
Himrod (Last wk of May, 20-25%)
Hur (3rd wk June, 16-18%),
Kishmish Beli (2nd wk June, 20-22%),
Kishmish Charni (3rd wk June, 20-22%),
Madeline Angevine (Very early, 4th wk May, 18%)
Pearl of Csaba (Earliest variety known, 3rd wk May, 23-24%), not susceptible for cracking
Perlette (3rd wk May, 18-20%), Compact bunches
Thompson Seedless (3rd wk June, 20%) syn Oval Kishmish, Sultana,
Recommended
for Subtropical
region
9 varieties : Black Hamburg, Black Prince, Dakh, Foster’s Seedling, Kandhari, Khalili,
Pandhari Sahebi, Thompson Seedless and Waltham Cross

NewDelhi-110012
Pusa Seedless
Selection from unknown origin, vegetative and fruit characters identical to
Thompson Seedless, matures in 2nd wk June, TSS 20-22%.
Clonal Selection

Cross combinations
• Female parents (10): 76-1, BA, BM, BS, H, JM, PoC, PN, R1P2, R9P2
• Male parents (17): 75-32, 76-1, BE, BM, BS, Card., CS, Hd S/L, JM, Per., PoC, PN,
PS, PU, Syrah, TEC, Temp.
Grape Breeding: Phase II (Hybridization)
NewDelhi-110012

Trait specific hybrids developed
Traits Hybrids and varieties
Early maturity Hy. ER-R2P36, Hy. ER-R1P16, Hy. ER-R1P19, Hy. R1P9, R1P14
High TSS Hy. ER-R2P36, Hy. ER-R1P16, Hy. ER-R1P19,
Seedless Hy. ER-R2P36, Hy. ER-R1P16, Hy. ER-R1P19,
Loose bunch Hy.76-1, Hy. 16/2A-R1P14, Hy. 16/2A-R1P9, C
Higher yield Pusa Aditi, Hy. 72-151 (BAxPer), PT, Hy. R1P14 (CardxBS)
Bold berry Hy. 76-1, Hy-R1P9, Hy. R1P14,
Table grape Hy. ER-R2P36, Hy. ER-R1P16, Hy. ER-R1P19, PoC, Hy. R1P9,
R1P14
Juice Hy. 76-1, Hy. 72-171, PT, PN,
Drying Hy.76-1
Rich in TMA PN, Hy.16/2A R1P18 , Hy.16/2A R4P13
NewDelhi-110012

Time of full bloom, harvesting period, growing degree days recorded in grape
genotypes
Sl. No. Hybrids and varieties Days from full
bloom
Harvesting period Days to maturity GDD
1 Hy.16/2A R1P2 21st March 8th -12th June 81 1579.32
2 Hy.16/2A R1P7 17th March 1st-4th June 78 1456.42
3 Hy.16/2A R1P8 19th March 4th- 8th June 79 1497.27
4 Hy.16/2A R1P14 20th March 1st -4th June 75 1428.62
5 Hy.16/2A R1P18 21st March 15th -20th June 89 1760.17
6 Hy.16/2A R1P19 22nd March 9th -11th June 80 1568.07
7 Hy.16/2A R3P12 20th March 1st -5th June 75 1428.62
8 Hy.16/2A R4P13 22nd March 14th -20th June 87 1725.62
9 Hy.ER-R1P19 17th March 1st -4th June 78 1456.42
10 Hy.ER-R2P19 18th March 1st -4th June 77 1447.37
11 Hy.ER-R2P36 15th March 25th -28th May 73 1312.77
12 Madeline Angevine 20th March 8th -12th June 82 1588.57
13 Banqui Abyad 17th March 1st - 5th June 78 1456.42
14 Beauty Seedless 19th March 5th -8th June 80 1519.22
15 Pearl-of-Csaba 15thMarch 25th -28th May 73 1312.77
16 Hur 27th March 12th -15th June 79 1596.82
17 Cardinal 21st March 8th-15th June 83 1630.77
18 Ruby Red 22ndMarch 10th -15th June 83 1645.12
19 A-5 21stMarch 5th-10th June 79 1525.87
20 Black Muscat 24th March 14th -17th June 85 1678.47
NewDelhi-110012

Seedless Seeded
Coloured White Coloured White
Genotypes DoH Genotypes DoH Genotypes DoH Genotypes DoH
ER R1 P19 1-4th June Pusa Aditi 8-12th June V. parviflora 12-19th June Anab-e-Shahi 12-15th June
ER-R1P16 27-30th May Pusa Trishar 7-10th June Black Prince 14-20th June Julesky Muscat 13-15th June
ER R2P36 25-28th May Hy.75-151 9-14th June Punjab Purple 10-19th June Hur 12-15th June
Hy. BA x BS 1-7th June 16/2A R1P15 10-16th June Black Muscat 14-17th June Bharat Early 12-16th June
Beauty
Seedless
5-8th June
16/2A R1P9
1-6th June
Cardinal
6-10th June
16/2A R2P12
16-22nd June
Flame
Seedless
7-15th June
16/2A R1P13
5-9th June
16/2A R3 P12
1-5th June
ER R2 P28
1-4th June
Tas-e-Ganesh 9-13th June 16/2A R1 P14 1-4th June ER R1 P5 1-3rd June
Pusa Seedless 7-12th June 16/2A R1P19 9-11th June Hy.76-1 6-10th June
Pusa Urvashi 10-15th June 16/2A R4 P7 16-20th June Hy.71-50 13-19th June
Centennial
Seedless
3-7th June
16/2A R3P10
15-20th June
Chardonnay
17-21st June
Perlette 4-7th June Pusa Navrang 6-10th June Sauvignon 21-25th June
16/2A R1P18 15-20th June
16/2A R4 P13 14-20th June
16/14 R7P5 3-7th June
Tempranillo 10-12th June
Syrah 12-15th June
Cabernet
Sauvignon
16-19th June
Cabernet 18-21st June
Merlot 21-25th June
Notes: DoH = Date of harvest
Time of berry maturity recorded in grape genotypes
NewDelhi-110012

Hybrid/
Variety
Parentage DOH TSS
(°Brix)
Berry
weight (g)
Bunch
wt (g)
Berry
colour
Seedlessness
ER-R2P36 PoC xBS 28.5.18 22.2 1.3 355.2 Black Seedless
ER-R2P4 PoC x PER 28.5.18 20.7 1.4 106.3 Green Soft seeded
ER-R2P20 PU x PER 28.5.18 21.7 2 127 Green Soft seeded
Perlette Introduction 28.5.18 13 1.2 442 Green Seedless
BS Introduction 28.5.18 16.2 1.9 297.8 Black Seedless
BS Introduction 29.5.18 14 2.01 409.5 Black Seedless
CS Introduction 30.5.18 21.3 2.1 180.1 Green Seedless
76-3 MA x RR 30.5.18 21.5 1.6 60.2 Black Seeded
R1P14 BA x PER 30.5.18 18.1 1.9 297.2 Black Seeded
CD at 5% - - 0.77 0.07 14.29 - -
Promising hybrids/varieties for Extra Early Maturity
28.5.2013
Hybrid ER-R2P36 Beauty Seedless
NewDelhi-110012

Hybrids evaluated for extra earliness
19.6
SL
20mg
16.1
SS
30mg
21
SL
20mg
21.7
SS
30mg
19.0
SS25.2
SL
19.1
Seeded
20mg
Early maturing hybrids developed
NewDelhi-110012

Promising hybrids in terms of seedlessness
Hybrids Parentage TSS (°Brix) Maturity
period
Bunch
weight (g)
Berry
weight (g)
Seedlessnes
s
Berry colour
ER-R2P36 PoC x BS 25.3 4th wk May 324.4 2.40 Seedless Purple
ER-R1P16 PoC x BS 24.4 4th Wk May 215.1 2.21 Seedless Purple
Perlette (Check) Perlette 20.3 1st wk June 310.0 2.12 Seedless Light yellow
CD at 5% - 0.54 9.41 0.10 - -
Hy. ER-R2P36 Hy. ER-R1P19 Perlette (Check)
NewDelhi-110012

Promising hybrids/varieties based on high TSS
Hybrids Parentage TSS
(°Brix)
Date of
harvest
Bunch
weight (g)
Berry
weight (g)
Seedlessness Berry
colour
ER-R2P36 POC x BS 22.2 28.5.18 355.21 2.19 Seedless Black
R1P3 Hybrid 22.5 3.6.18 138.7 1.86 Seeded Green
ER-R2P16 POC x BS 21.8 3.6.18 213.89 2.18 Seedless Black
ER-R2P20 PU x PER 21.7 28.5.18 127.01 2.06 Soft seeded Green
R3P17 (76-3) MA x RR 21.5 30.5.18 60.26 1.6 Seeded Black
R6P9 (CS) Introduction 21.3 30.5.18 180.6 2.03 Seedless Green
ER-R2P19 POC x BS 20.9 5.6.18 164.3 2.12 Seeded Green
ER-R2P4 POC x PER 20.7 28.5.18 106.31 1.72 Soft seeded Green
R2P2 (Perlette) Introduction 20.3 6.6.18 528.34 1.53 Seedless Green
R8P4 (AES) Introduction 20.2 10.6.18 373.31 4.07 Seeded Green
ER-R2P36
NewDelhi-110012

Promising hybrids for Juice Purpose
Hybrid Parentage Juice
%
TSS
(°Brix)
Bunch
weight (g)
Berry
colour
Date of
harvest
Seedlessness
ER-R2P36 PoC x BS 71.23 22.2 355.21 Black 28.5.18 Seedless
ER-R2P16 PoC x BS 68.34 15.5 400.49 Black 7.6.18 Soft seeded
ER-R1P11 PoC x BS 67.89 19.8 64.5 Green 5.6.18 Soft seeded
ER-R2P26 PoC x BS 64.4 21.8 213.9 Black 3.6.18 Seedless
R8P4 A-E-S 64.15 20.2 373.3 Green 10.6.18 Seeded
R6P9 CS 63.2 21.3 180.6 Green 30.5.18 Seedless
CD at 5% - 2.44 0.92 11.29 - - -
ER-R2P36 ER-R2P16
NewDelhi-110012

Hybrids having loose bunch quality traits
Traits Hy. R1P9 (BA x Per) Hy. R1P14 (Card x BS) Hy. 76-1 (H x Card) Perlette
Bunch weight (g) 345.1 431.0 447.5 324.1
Bunch length (cm) 23.7 15.6 19.5 18.0
Bunch width (cm) 11.8 13.2 14.0 15.5
Berry weight (g) 2.75 4.4 4.8 1.9
Berry dia. (mm) 16.2 21.2 21.1 14.0
Berry length (mm) 15.1 18.5 17.8 15.8
Seedlessness Seeded Seeded Seeded seedless
No. of seeds/ berry Soft, 3-4 Soft, 2-3 3 nil
TSS (0Brix) 21.2 20.30 21.7 19.1
Acidity (%) 1.0 1.20 0.70 0.70
Maturity period 1st wk June 1st wk June 2nd wk June 1st wk June
PerletteHy. R1P9 Hy. R1P14 Hy. 76-1
NewDelhi-110012

Grape Breeding: Phase IV
(hybridization + Embryo rescue)
NewDelhi-110012
Hybrids developed through ER
ER-R2P36 (25.30 °Brix as on 20.5.18),
ER-R1P16 (24.4 °Brix as on 23.5.18),
ER-R1P19 (24.5 °Brix as on 23.5.18)
ER-R2P16 (22.4 °Brix as on 23.5.18)
Check varieties
Perlette (18.71 °Brix as on 30.5.18)
BS (17.37 °Brix as on 30.5.18)
FS (17.25 °Brix as on 30.5.18)
Matures in
last week
of May
TSS-25
°Brix
BuW-
324 g
BS FS
ER-R2P36

Hybrids developed through embryo rescue
Hybrid/ Check Parentage TSS
(°Brix)
Maturity
period
Bunch
weight (g)
Berry
weight (g)
Seedlessness Berry colour
ER-R1P16 PoC x BS 22.40 4th Wk May 215.1 2.21 Seedless Purple
Beauty Seedless
(Check)
- 17.37 4th wk May 248.2 2.14 Seedless Purple
Perlette (Check) - 18.71 4th wk May 310.0 2.12 Seedless Light yellow
CD at 5% - 0.51 - 9.24 0.10 - -
Hy. ER-R2P36 Hy. ER-R1P19
Check Varieties
Beauty Seedless Perlette
NewDelhi-110012

0.0
100.0
200.0
300.0
400.0
500.0
600.0
700.0
800.0
900.0
TMA (mg/l)
Breeding for nutraceautical properties
Maximum total monomaric anthocyanins was recorded in ‘Pusa Navrang’, ‘16/2A-R1P18’,
‘16/2A-R4P7’, ‘Punjab Purple’, ‘16/2A-R4P13’ and ‘16/2A-R3P10’ ranged from 554.22-854.56 mg
kg1.
NewDelhi-110012

Berry splitting in grape
Winkler et al. (1974) Cracking is important grape industry issue leads to significant commercial
losses to grapes. It is a generally accepted opinion that firm-fleshed cherry
cultivars have higher trend to fruit cracking than soft-fleshed cultivars.
Meynhardt (1964) Splitting susceptibility is associated with the strength of the sub epidermal cell
layer.
Lang (1990) High temperature play a significant decrease in skin stiffness and strength.
Christensen (2000) Cultivar differences in cracking susceptibility are considerable. Currently in
most breeding program, its main aim involves the advancement of high
superior crack resistant cultivar and the identification of resistant genes
involved in it.
Smilanick et al. (2000) Cultivars considered moderately sensitive to cracking include ‘Thompson
Seedless’, ‘Ruby Seedless’ and ‘Cardinal’. ‘Emperor’ would be considered
resistant due to its thick skin.
(Letaief et al., 2008; Rolle
et al., 2008; Lee and
Bourne, 1980).
Puncture tests have already been used to examine differences between
varieties for skin strength/firmness
Ramteke et al. (2017) Primary cause is unknown but it is a complex phenomenon associated with
genotypes and growing condition.
NewDelhi-110012

NewDelhi-110012

Mechanical behavior (firmness) of grape hybrids
Significant differences were recorded in
berry skin strength.
The maximum break force was recorded in
‘Hybrid Pusa Aditi’ (4.35 N) and Hybrid PU x
76-1 (4.17 N), Hybrid 71-40 (4.15 N), Pusa
Urvashi (4.14 N) and Hybrid R1P34 (4.13).
More firm berries were found at shoulder
position (G1) followed by middle (G2) and
least at bottom portion (G3) of bunch.
On berry, middle portion (A2) of the berries
were found stronger followed by distal end
(A1) and minimum at pedicel end (A3).
G1
G2
G3
A1A2A3
NewDelhi-110012

Berry cracking: a problem associated with
rains
A major problem in subtropical areas where grape
maturity coincides with pre-monsoon showers.
About 50-70% crop loss occurs.
Factors associated: mechanical strength of the pericarp
and the driving force for expansion of the berry volume.
 Cracking varied considerably among genotypes.

Experiment details (at IARI, 2018)
1. Total genotypes studied : 25 (Varieties and hybrid population)
2. Main characters studied : berry skin strength, berry cracking
index and berry skin thickness.
3. Cracking index, cracking density and percentage of cracked fruits
were found significantly correlated with other.
4. Black Muscat, Pusa Navrang, and several hybrids were found
tolerant berry splitting.
5. Flame Seedless, Perlette, Pusa Trishar, Pusa Swarnika and Beauty
seedless found susceptible.
NewDelhi-110012

FUTURE THRUSTS
 Specific strategies need to be decided for breeding
for specific traits
 Prioritization amongst traits for marker
development as well as simplifying and optimizing
methods to reduce marker genotyping cost.
 Application of Functional Genomics would help in
rapid identification of Gene functions which will
allow development of Allele-specific markers
 Application of MAS for improvement of quantitative
traits in fruit crops
 Gene Silencing and Genome Editing – to create
desired Genotypes through precision breeding
 Development of homozygous lines using DH
technique.
 Utilization of wild species for trait-specific
improvement/ development of Cisgenics
NewDelhi-110012

Pusa Aditi (BA xPer) Pusa Trishar (‘Hur’ x BE) x BS Pusa Swarnika (Hur x Cardinal)
Pusa Urvashi (Hur x BS) Pusa Navrang (MA x RR)
Pusa Seedless
NewDelhi-110012 Conclusion
• The outcome from this breeding program is significant for grape
growing under subtropical regions of North Indian plains.

―Organizers (8th IHC-HSI)
―Indian Council of Agricultural Research
―Director, IARI, New Delhi
―Joint Director (Research, Education, Extension)
―Head, Division of FHT, IARI, New Delhi
―My Grape Breeding Group Members
―Technical, administrative and supporting staff
NewDelhi-110012

Subtropical grape breeding india

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