A REPORT ON HERBARIA

1. SUBMITTED BY
 PARVEEN KUMAR ,
M.Sc. BOTANY (P)
170000302010
 SUBMITTED TO
BOTANY DEPARTMENT
C.B.L.U , BHIWANI

2.  INTRODUCTION
 PREPARATION OF HERBARIUM SPECIMENS
• 1. COLLECTION
• 2. POISONING AND DRYING THE SPECIMENS
• 3. MOUNTING AND LABELLING
 A MODERN HERBARIUM
 MAJOR HERBARIA OF THE WORLD
 MAJOR INDIAN HERBARIA
 FUNCTIONS OF HERBARIA
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCES

3.  A HERBARIUM IS A STOREHOUSE OF PLANT SPECIMENS
 ALL PANTS SPECIMENS ARE ARRANGED ACCORDING TO THEIR CLASSIFICATION
 SPECIMENS ARE KEPT IN PIGEON HOLES OF STEEL OR WOODEN CUP
 MAINTAINED CAREFULLY FOR CURRENT AND FUTURE STUDIES
 FIRST ESTABLISHED HERBARIUM IN 1570 IN BOLOGNA ITALY, BY LUCA GHINI
 IT CONTAINS NEARLY 350,000,000 SPECIMENS WITH DOCUMENTATION FROM THE WORLD’S VEGETATION

4.  HERBARIUM PREPARATION METHODS TAKEN FROM LAWRENCE.
 COLLECTION:-SPECIMENS MATERIAL COLLECTS AS WHOLE (HERBS) OR
PARTS i.e. FLOWER & FRUITS / CARPELS.
 REMOVE FOREIGN BODIES & INSECTS AND SPECIMENS MOUNTED IN 42CM
X 29CM (16.5” X11.5”) SIZE BLOTTING PAPER.
 LARGER SPECIMENS ARE MOUNTED IN V OR N OR M SHAPE
 LEAVES MOUNTED AS DORSIVENTRAL POSTION
 PUT SPECIMENS IN B/W CARDBOARDS / WOODEN FRAMES.

5.  2. POISONING AND DRYING THE SPECIMENS:-
 KILLS THE PLANTS AND PREVENTS THE FORMATION OF ABSCISSION LAYER
 POISONING DONE BY DIPPING WHOLE PLANT IN SOLUTION OF MERCURIC
CHLORIDE IN ETHYL ALCOHOL (20gm/1LITRE OF ACOHOL).
 PLANTS PUT B/W BLOTTERS IN PAPER TO DRYING
 LAURYL PENTACHLORO-PHENATE (LPCP) ASLO USED FOR POISONING
3. MOUNTING AND LABELLING:-
 A STANDARD HERBARIUM SHEET SIZE 28CM(B) X 42CM (L) & MADE UP OF HEAVY W
LONG LASTING WHITE PAPER
 SPECIMENS ARE PASTED TO SHEETS BY GUM ARABIC
 SMALL QUANTITY OF COPPER SULPHATE ADDED TO GLUE AS INSECTS REPELLENTS.
 HERBARIUM LABELL @ RIGHT SIDE BOTTOM CORNER.

6.  ACCORDING TO FOSBERG (1946) , A MODERN HERBARIUM CONTAINS ACTUAL PLANT SPECIMENS AND
PUBLISHED INFORMATION ,PICTURES & RECORDED NOTES
 IT HAVE COLLECTIONS OF FLOWERING PLANTS ,GYMNOSPERMS ,FERNS, MOSSES, LIVERWORTS ,LICHENS ,FUNGI ,ALGAE
AND FOSSILS.
 MODERN HERBARIA AS REFERENCE CENTRES:-PLANTS IDENTIFICATION BY BOTANISTS AND RESEARCHERS
 AS DOCUMENTATION CENTRES:-THEY CONTAIN SPECIMENS OF NEW TAXA AND DOCUMENTS RELATED TO RESEARCH
 AS A DATA STOREHOUSE:-THEY STORE DATA ON ECOLOGY , HABITAT , DISTRIBUTION OF PLANTS ETC.
 AS SERVICE INSTITUTIONS:-PROVIDE TRAINING FOR YOUNG UNDERGRADUATES , SOLVE QUERIES OF SCIENTISTS
,ENVIRONMENTALISTS , DOCTORS , PUBLIC SCHOOL STUDENTS ETC.

7.  MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY , PARIS
 ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS , KEW
 CONSERVATORY AND BOTANICAL GARDEN , GENEVA
 NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN ,BRONX
 BRITISH MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ,LONDON
 UNIVERSITY OF UPPASALA ,UPPASALA
 ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN , EDINBURGH
 BOTANICAL SURVEY OF INDIA , KOLKATA

8.  THE CENTRAL NATIONAL HERBARIUM , KOLKATA
 HERBARIUM OF FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTE , DEHRADUN
 NATIONAL BOTANICAL GARDEN HERBARIUM , LUCKNOW
 HERBARIUM OF RAJASTHAN UNIVERSITY , JAIPUR
 HERBARIUM OF DELHI UNIVERSITY , DELHI

9. 1. STORED PLANT SPECIMENS ARE MAJOR SOURCE OF INFORMATION ABOUT PLANTS & VEGETATION
2. PRESERVED SPECIMENS USED IN ALL TYPE TAXONOMIC RESEARCH
3. WORLD’S FLORA CLASSIFICATION BASED ON HERBARIUM MATERIAL
4. LIST OF ENDANGERED SPECIES OF ANY REGION MAY BE PREPARED
5. MONOGRAPHS OF GENERA OR FAMILIES ARE PREPARED
6. EXACT LOCATION OR AREA OF IMPORTANT PLANT OCCURRENCE MAY BE GATHERED
7. PRESERVE THE TYPE SPECIMENS AS A REPOSITORY
8. HERBARIUM MATERIAL USED IN STUDY
9. HERBARIA PROVIDE LOAN OF SPECIMENS FOR STUDY
10. TRAINING TO YOUNG STUDENTS FOR HERBARIUM PRACTICES

10.  VOUCHER SPECIMENS PROVIDE A PERMANENT , PHYSICAL RECORDS
 ON WHICH ALL NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH STANDS
 AN ADDITIONAL VOUCHER SPECIMEN IS ADVISABLE AND SERVE AS BACK –UPS IN CASE OF DAMAGE OR LOSS

11. • Ahmed , S. and Hasan , M.M.,2016 : Importance of herbaria in verbal
drug discovery, World J Pharm Sci. ,4:127-129 , Anonymous ,1996 :
Techniques and Procedures for collecting ,preserving , processing , and
storing botanical specimens ,British Columbia Ministry of Forests
Victoria ,B.C. WORK .Pap.
• Lawrence , G.H.M. 1967 : Taxonomy of vascular plants , oxford & IBH
Publishing Co. , New Delhi , India.