Behaviorism

1. Overview
• Definitions of Behaviorism
• Impact of Behaviorism
• History of Behaviorism
• Example scenarios in a classroom demonstrating the school of
thought
• Implications of the school of thought in:
• a. Learning
• b. Teaching
• c. Classroom management
• d. Curriculum

2. BEHAVIORISM
What is behaviorism?
• Behaviorism is a theory of learning based on the idea that all behaviors are acquired
through conditioning, and conditioning occurs through interaction with the
environment. Behaviorists believe that our actions are shaped by environmental stimuli.
• This learning theory is also states that behaviors are learned from the environment, and
says that innate or inherited factors have very little influence on behavior.
• According to this school of though,also known as behavioral psycology, behavior can be studied
in a systematic and observable manner regardless of iternal mental states. Behavioral theory
also says that only observable behavior should be studied, as cognitions, emotions, and mood
are far too subjective.
• Strict behaviorist believe that any person-regardless of genetic background, personality traits,
and internal thoughts- can be trained to perform any task, within the limits of their physical
capabilities. it only requires the right conditioning.

3. Impact of behaviorism
• Several thinkers influenced behavioral psychology. Among these are Edward
Thorndike, a pioneering psychologist who described the law of effect, and
Clark Hull, who proposed the drive theory of learning.
• There are a number of therapeutic techniques rooted in behavioral psychology.
Though behavioral psychology assumed more of a background position after
1950, its principles still remain important.
• Even today, behavior analysis is often used as a therapeutic technique to help
children with autism and developmental delays acquire new skills. It frequently
involves processes such as shaping ( rewarding closer approimations to the
desired behavior) and chaining ( breaking a task down into smaller parts, then
teahing and chaining the subsequent steps together.)

4. There are 3 types of behaviorism
• Methodological - behavior should be studied without connection
to mental states ( just behavior)
• Psychological - Human and animal behavior is explained based
on external, physical smuli
• Analytical/Logical - certain behaviors will arise from particular
mental states and beliefs.

5. • Uses of Behaviorism
- The behaviors perspective has a few different uses, including some related to education and mental
health.
• Education
- Behaviorism can be used to help students learn , such as by influencing lesson design. For instance,
some teachers use consistent encouragement to help students learn ( operant conditioning) while
others focus more on creating a stimulating environment to increase engagement ( classical
conditioning.)
• Research
- One of the greatest strenghts of behavioral psychology is the ability to clearly observe and measure
behaviors. Because behaviorism is based on the observable behaviors, it is often easier to quantify
allect data when conducting research.
• Mental Health
- Behavioral therapy was born from behaviorism and originally used in the treatment of autism and
schizophrenia. This type of therapy involves helping people change problematic thoughts and
behaviors, thereby improving mental health.
- Effective therapeutic techniques such as intensive behavioral intervetion, behavior analysis, tiken
economics, and discrete trial training are all rooted in behaviorism. These approaches are often very
useful in changing maladaptive or harmful behaviors inboth children and adults.

6. History of Behaviorism
• Formally founded by John B. Watson
in 1913.
• 19th Century: Similar views as
psychoanalytic and
Gestalt movements
in psychology.
• 20th Century: Result of cognitive
revolution.
• 21st Century: "behavior analysis,"
is a thriving field.

7. Behaviorism Theorists
Ivan Pavlov
- Founder of classical conditioning; unconditioned stimulus
causes unconditioned response
John B. Watson
- Coined the term “behaviorism”
- Studied how a certain stimuli led organisms to make
responses
- Believed psychology was only an objective observation
of behavior
John B. Watson
- Coined the term “behaviorism”
- Studied how a certain stimuli led organisms to make
responses
- Believed psychology was only an objective observation
of behavior

8. Key Points of behaviorism
• “ Reinforce the desired behavior: praise is much more
potent than cricitism or even punishment.”them.
• “ Immediacy matters: feedback after the event is usefu at a
cognitivelevel, but from a behavioral point of view, the
feedback (praise) has to be so close to the specific bit of
behavior that there is no doubt as to what it applies to.” .

9. Classroom Implications
• Students should pay attention to what the teachers
says they want you to learn. Whether its good
classroom behavior , being on time to class,
completing assignments, etc.
• The stdents should strive to get the rewards in the
classroom and at home. The students that reach
the desired behavior of the teacher, get the
reward. The ones who don’t get nothing. Seeing
the other students get the rewards shouldmake
the other students want to achieve the same thing.
• Teachers should present what behavior is
wanted.
• Teachers want students to do their
homework, study for test, and have good
classroom behavior.
• Teachers should have positive
reinforcement ( praise or rewards) to give
students for acting good and succeeding in
the class with effort.
What does the teacher do under
behaviorism?
What does the student do under
behaviorism?

10. Example scenarios in a classroom demonstrating the school of thought
• From about 1920 through the mid-1950s, behaviorism became the dominant
school of though in psycology. Some suggest that the popularity of behavioral
psychology grew out of the desire to establish psychology as an objective and
measurable science.
• During that time, researchers were interested in creating theories that could be
clearly described and empirically measured, but also used to make contributions
that might have an influence on the fabric of every human lives.
• An example of behaviorism in the classroom is when teachers reward their class
or certain students with a party or special treat at the end of the week for good
behavior throughtout the week. the same concept is used with punishments. the
teacher can take away cetain priviledges if the student misbehaves.
• You can use scenarios in role plays, for writing exercise, or simply to start a group
discussion. when you present students with a comlicated scenario, you give them
a chance to think about why proper behavior matters, what they can do to help
manage their own behavior, and how they might respond in a variety of
situations.

11. IMPLICATION OF THE SCHOOL OF THOUGHT IN
• LEARNING
-In other words, behavior is determined
by othres, rather than by our own free
will. by carefully shaping desirable
behavior, morality and information is
learned, learners will acquire and
remember responses that lead to
satisfying after affect.if the student is
ready for the connection, learning is
enhanced, if not learning is
inhibited.motivation to learn is the
satisfying after effect or reinforcement.
• TEACHING
- Teachers employ behaviorism to
instruct pupils on how to respond
and react to various stimuli. These
must be done repeatedly to
remind students of the
appropriate behavior a teacher
expects. In the behavioral learning
hypothesis, positive reinforcement
is essential.

12. IMPLICATION OF THE SCHOOL THOUGHT IN:
• CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT
-focuses on establishing clear
expectations for appropriate
behavior, monitoring behavior,
and the reinforcing appropriate
bahavior and redirecting
inappropriate behavior.
• CURRICULUM
-is designed in a very prescriptive
manner. the reason for this is that
students are expected to master
the curriculum being presented.
to help students achieve
mastery,instruction is presented ia
step-by-step approach.

13. THANK YOU!!!