The document discusses the topic of security and ethical challenges in management information systems. It covers issues like computer crime, hacking, cyber theft, software piracy, computer security risks, and safeguards to address unauthorized access and use. Potential health concerns of computer use as well as theories of corporate social responsibility and principles of technology ethics are also summarized.

1. Republic of the Philippines
EULOGIO “AMANG” RODRIGUEZ
INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Nagtahan, Sampaloc, Manila
GRADUATE PROGRAM
MASTER IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
TOPIC: Security and Ethical Challenges
Management Information Systems
DR. LOURDES BANDOY
Professor
Presented by:
LOUIE A. MEDINACELI
Management Information Systems 1

2. Sample 1:Digitally altered photos

3. Sample 2:Digitally altered photos

4. Sample 3:Digitally altered photos
The New Version The Old Version

5. Sample 5:Digitally altered photos
Oprah, one the most well known celebrities of our time has graced many magazine covers. However
in this TV Guide she is seen in a beautiful dress sitting on a pile of cash. You see it? The pile of
cash is so fake right? You are right. See anything else? Take a look at the picture below. That’s
not Oprah’s body. It’s Ann-Margaret.

6. Sample 1:Photoshop Mistakes
Missing leg. We love
Veronica Kay, but the
missing leg is not
sexy.

7. Sample 2:Photoshop Mistakes
Where’s the belly button?

8. COMPUTER CRIME
 Cyber crime is becoming one of the Net’s
growth businesses. Today, criminals are
doing everything from stealing intellectual
property and committing fraud to
unleashing viruses and committing acts of
cyber terrorism.

9. Hacking
Hacking is the obsessive use of computers, or the
unauthorized access and use of networked
computer systems. Hackers usually
 Steal or damage data
 Get unauthorized access to computer files
 Monitor e-mails or web server access
 May use remote services that allow one
computer to execute programs on another
 Plant data that will cause system to welcome
intruders
Management Information Systems 9

10. Cyber Theft
Cyber theft involves theft of money by
unauthorized network entry and fraudulent
alteration of computer databases.
Management Information Systems 10

11. Unauthorized use at Work
Unauthorized use of computer resources
especially by employees
 Playing video games
 Unauthorized use of internet
 Non-work related upload/download
 Transmission of confidential data
 Moonlighting
Management Information Systems 11

12. Software Piracy
Unauthorized copying of data is called
software piracy or software theft
Software is protected by copyright law and
user license agreement that allows only
limited copies to be made
Management Information Systems 12

13. Piracy of Intellectual Property
Materials other than software are also
pirated by making multiple copies
 Piracy of music, video, images, articles,
books etc.
 Dissemination of these material through
internet websites
Management Information Systems 13

14. Computer security risks
 Virus-potentially damaging computer
programs that affects, or infects, a
computer negatively by altering the way
the computer works without the user’s
knowledge or permission; may damage
files, software including the operating
system
 Worms-a program that copies itself;
could shut down the computer or
network
 Trojan horses-a program that hides
within or looks like a legitimate program;
does not replicate itself to other
computers

15. Symptoms of Computer risks
 Screen displays unusual message or image
 Music or unusual sound displays randomly
 Available memory is less than expected
 Existing programs and files disappear
 Files become corrupted
 Programs or files do not work properly
 Unknown programs or files mysteriously appear
 System properties change

16. Symptoms of Computer risk(cont..)
 Your computer functions slower than normal
 Your computer responds slowly and freezes
often
 Your computer restarts itself often
 You see uncommon error messages, distorted
menus, and dialog boxes
 You notice applications on your computer fail to
work correctly
 You fail to print correctly

17. Safeguard from Computer risks
1. Never start a computer with a floppy disk in drive A,
unless it is an uninfected boot disk. Turn off message
preview
2. Never open an e-mail attachment unless you are
expecting it and it is from a trusted source. Turn off
message preview
3. Set the macro security in programs so you can enable
or disable macros. Only enable macros if the
document is from a trusted source and you are
expecting it.
4. Install an antivirus program on all of your computers.
Obtain updates to the antivirus signature files on a
regular basis.

18. Safeguard from Computer risks
5. Check all downloaded programs for viruses, worms,
or Trojan horses. These malicious-logic programs
often placed in seemingly innocent programs, so they
will affect a large number of users.
6. If the anti-virus program flags an e-mail attachment as
infected, delete the attachment immediately.
7. Before using any removable storage devices, use the
antivirus program to check for infection.
8. Create a recovery disk and write protect it.
9. Install a personal firewall program

19. Unauthorized Access and Use
 Unauthorized access - the use of a
computer or network without permission
 Cracker- someone who tries to access a
computer or network illegally
 Hacker- break into a computer by
connecting to it and then logging in as a
legitimate user

20. Safeguard from unauthorized
access
1. Acceptable use policy (AUP)- outlines the
activities for which the computer and
network may and may not be used
2. Firewalls-deny network access to
outsiders and restrict employees’ access to
sensitive data like payroll or personnel
records
3. Intrusion detection software-
automatically analyzes all network traffic,
assess system vulnerabilities, identifies
any unauthorized access (intrusions) and
notifies

21. Safeguard from unauthorized
access (continuation)
5. Access control-is a security measure that defines who can
access a computer, when they can access it, and what actions
they can take while accessing the computer
and audit trails- or log, that records in a file both successful and
unsuccessful access attempts
a. User names-a unique combination of characters like letters of
the alphabet, that identifies one specific user
b. and passwords-a private combination of characters associated
with the user name that allows access to certain computer
resources
c. Possessed objects-any items that you must carry to gain access
to a computer or computer facility (badges, cards, smart cards,
keys)
d. Biometric devices-grant access to programs using biometric
identifies like finger prints, face recognition, voice recognition
e. Callback system-user connects to a computer only after the
computer calls that user back at a previously established
telephone number

22. Fingerprint
Reader
Face Recognition System

23. Other Challenges
 Employment challenges because a lot of tasks
have been automated
 Computer monitoring causes intrusion in
personal space for workers
 Challenges in working conditions are caused by
tasks which are monotonous in nature. But it
also automates most of the work and gives way
to more challenging jobs
 Challenges to individuality as they eliminate the
human relationships between people
Management Information Systems 23

24. Benefits
 Medical diagnosis
 Crime control
 Environmental monitoring
 Urban planning
 Computer based training
 Distance learning
Management Information Systems 24

25. Health Concerns of Computer
Use

27. Hand Exercises to Reduce Tendonitis

29. Computer and Health Risks
1. Repetitive strain injury (RSI)-a disorder
of the muscles, nerves, tendons,
ligaments and joints
2. Computer vision syndrome-sore, tired,
burning, itching or dry eyes; blurred or
double vision, etc.
3. Lower back pain, muscle fatigue and
emotional fatigue

30. Ergonomics
 appliedscience devoted to incorporating
comfort, efficiency and safety into the
design of items in the workplace

32. Computer addiction
 when the computer consumes someone’s
entire social life

33. Encryption
The concept of private key and public key
can be extended to authentication
protocols. There are three types of
authentication protocols followed by
organizations.
1. Password Authentication protocol
2. Challenge Handshake authentication
Protocol
3. Extensible Authentication Protocol
Management Information Systems 33

34. Firewall
Firewalls are used to restrict access to one
network from another network. Different
types of firewalls exist.
1. Packet Filtering
2. Stateful firewalls
3. Proxy Firewalls
4. Kernel Proxy firewalls
Management Information Systems 34

35. Ethical responsibility of business
professionals
Business ethics are concerned with
 Equity
 Rights
 Honesty
 Exercise of corporate power
Management Information Systems 35

36. Theories of corporate social
responsibility
 The stockholders theory holds that managers are
agents of the stockholders and their only ethical
responsibility is to increase the profits of the business
without violating the law or engaging in fraudulent
activities.
 The social contract theory states that companies
have ethical responsibilities to all members of society,
which allow corporations to exist based on a social
contract
 The stakeholders theory states that managers have
ethical responsibility to manage a firm for the benefit of
all of its stakeholders i.e. stockholders, employees,
customers, suppliers and Informationcommunity.
Management
local Systems 36

37. Principles of technology ethics
 Proportionality of benefits to risk
 Informed consent to risks
 Justice in distribution of risk with benefits
derived to each sub unit
 Minimized risk by the selected option
Management Information Systems 37

38. Ethical guideline
 Acting with integrity
 Increasing your professional competence
 Setting high standards of personal
performance
 Accepting responsibility for your work
 Advancing the health, privacy, and
general welfare of the public
Management Information Systems 38

39. 
Mistakes are
part of being
human.
Appreciate your
mistakes for
what they are;
precious life
lesson that can
only be learned
the hard way.