1. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux First course
Please visit our Facebook Group

2. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 Our Rules
 Start at 10 AM.
 Mobile phone silent please.
 You can get in or get out without permission.
 Ask what you want.
 Some questions will be answered in the end.
 Only one talks and all listens.
 You can get materials from us or from outside
faculty
 To help us give us your feedback.

3. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 Outlines of this session
 Introduction to operating systems
 Introduction to Linux
 Introduction to Ubuntu
 Ubuntu installation steps
 GUI
 Virtual Box
 XChat
 File system hierarch

4. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 Operating systems introduction
 Operating system:
• It is an interface between hardware and user which
is responsible for the management and
coordination of activities and the sharing of the
resources of a computer.
• Windows is not the only operating system in the
world.

5. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 Operating systems introduction
 There are a lot of operating systems such as:
• Unix
• Linux
• Minix
• Windows
• Mac OS

6. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 Linux Introduction
 What is GNU/Linux?
• It is an operating system which is free and open
source software.

7. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 Linux Introduction
 Unix Introduction
• AT&T
– BSD
– HP-UX
– Solaris
– AIX

8. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 Linux Introduction
 History of Linux
• Richard Stallman 1983

9. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 Linux Introduction
 History of Linux
• GNU

10. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 Linux Introduction
 History of Linux
• Linus Torvalds 1990
– Kernel

11. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 Linux Introduction
 Why Linux?
• Available and reachable
• Stable
• Minimum times of rebooting
• Open Source
• Free
• Fast updates
• Security
• Well-documented

12. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 Linux Introduction
 Why Linux?
• Shell
• Virus rare
• Real multi-user system
• Multiple GUIs
• Save hardware resources
• It's kernel used in Embedded systems
• Meets criteria

13. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 Linux Introduction
 Why Linux?
• Well supported by international companies
– HP
– IBM
– Intel
– Oracle
– Sun
• National Security Agency (NSA)
 Why copy software illegally if you can get it for
free?

14. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 Linux Introduction
 Who uses Linux?
• Famous servers work on Linux such as:
– www.google.com
– www.wikipedia.com
– www.youtube.com
– www.4shared.com
– www.rapidshare.com
– www.cnn.com
– download.microsoft.com
– www.bing.com

15. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 Linux Introduction
 Who uses Linux?
• 89.2% of super computers works on Linux
• Embedded system engineers
• 3D graphics such as:
• The Matrix
• Titanic
• Gladiator
• Super Man Returns
• Spider Man
• Men In Black

16. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 Linux Introduction
 Who uses Linux?
• United States Department Of Defense
• French Parliament
• France's Ministry of Agriculture
• NNSA
– National Nuclear Security Administration
• FAA
– Fedral Aviation Administration.
• ICBC:
– Industrial and Commercial Bank of China
– All it's 20,000 branches

17. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 Linux Introduction
For more information about Linux and who
uses it visit:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_adoption
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux
http://news.netcraft.com/

18. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 Linux Introduction
 Linux Distributions:
• RedHat
• Centos
• Fedora
• BackTrack
• Debian
• Ubuntu
• Unbreakable Linux

19. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 Ubuntu Introduction
 Why Ubuntu:
• Simple
• Easy to get it
• Free
• Famous
• Good documentation
• Good Internet support

20. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 Ubuntu Introduction
 How to get Ubuntu:
• You can order our distribution from Menof
• You can download it free of charge from here:
http://www.ubuntu.com/GetUbuntu/download
• You can download Sabily from here:
http://www.sabily.org/website/index.php/en/sabily/d
ownloads
• You can order a free CD or DVD from here:
https://shipit.ubuntu.com

21. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 Ubuntu Installation steps
 Before installation
• What is a live CD?
• File System:
– It is a method of storing and organizing computer
files and the date they contain to make it easy to find
and access them(FAT, NTFS, EXT4).
• Linux File System:
– ext2
– ext3
– ext4
• Hard disk formatting using
– GParted

22. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 Ubuntu Installation steps
 Main installation:
• Booting live cd
• Welcome message
• Your location
• Preparing disk space (manual)
• Selecting Linux partitions
• Setting username and password
• Ready to install ???
• One missing step

23. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 GUI
 Graphical User Interface
• Types
– GNOME
– KDE
– XFCE
 Some details about GNOME
• GNU Network Object Model Environment
• Three menus
– Applications
– Places
– System

24. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 GUI
 Some small notes
• Adding Arabic
• Installing applications using
– Ubuntu Software Center
– Synaptic Package Manager
– Add and Remove

25. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 GUI
 Remember authentication:
• First run the following command
sudo gedit /usr/share/polkit-
1/actions/org.freedesktop.devicekit.disks.policy
• Find the action id:
org.freedesktop.devicekit.disks.filesystem-mount-
system-internal
• Within that action id look for the line:
<allow_active>auth_admin_keep</allow_active>
• replace it with:
<allow_active>yes</allow_active>

26. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 Virtual Box
 Installation
 Create new virtual machine
 Settings of virtual machines
 General
 System
 Hard Disks
 CD/DVD
 Network

27. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 XChat
 Installation
 How to connect to channel
/j #ChannelName
 Register
/msg nickserv register <password> <email>
 Authenticate access
/msg nickserv identify <password>
 Problem
• Server list disappear when your disk is full
Sudo rm -f ~/.xchat2/servlist_.conf

28. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 XChat important channels
 #linuxac
 #ubunu
 #centos
 #fedora
 #redhat
 #microcontrollers
 #oracle
 #php

29. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 XChat important channels
 #windows
 #java
 #c++
 #c

30. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 File System hierarchy
Files and directories are organized into a
single-rooted inverted tree structure

31. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 File System hierarchy

32. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 File System hierarchy
 /bin
• Essential user command binaries
 /sbin
• System binaries
 /boot
• Files of the boot loader and kernel
 /etc
• Configuration files
 /home
• User's home directories

33. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 File System hierarchy
 /lib
• Shared libraries
 /media
• Mount point for removable media
 /mnt
• Mount point for temporarily mounted file systems
 /root
• Root's home directories

34. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 File System hierarchy
 /usr
• Non-essential user programs
 /var
• Variable files
 /proc
• Virtual documentation
• Documentations for information about kernel and
its work
 /srv
• Contains server data such as databases

35. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 File System hierarchy
 /opt
• Optional applications (Third-party programs)
 /dev
• Device files
 /tmp
• Temporary files

36. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 How to self study
 www.linuxac.org
 L2B Linux Guide
 Virtual Box
 www.google.com
 IRC
 Man Pages
 RedHat Books

37. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 How to self study
 www.arabhardware.com
• Eng: Mostafa El-Tantawy
– http://arabhardware.net/forum/showthread.php?
t=102331&page=6
– http://4shared.com/dir/10800192/9e812230/Lunix.html

38. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 How to self study
 Ubuntu Linux For Novices
 Practical guide to use Ubuntu Linux
Arabic
 Linux Bash Guide
 ‫كتاب لينوكس الشامل‬

39. For More info Please Visit Our Facebook Group