Air Pollution,Indoor and outdoor, Formation of ozone layer & its depletion. Effects of ozone depletion,air pollution on health.

1. Enviornment Health and
Safety
Quaid-e-Awam University College of
Engineering, Science and Technology,
Larkano.
BY :
Engineer Muhammad Awais Abro

2. Air
Pollution:
The Dirty
Truth

3. Air pollution is the addition
of gases, chemicals, and
particle matter into the
atmosphere. Air pollution
primarily comes from
burning fossil fuels such
as natural gas, petroleum,
and coal. A study has
listed air pollution as the
cause of four percent of
the deaths in the United
States.
Air Pollution

4. Air Pollution
Humans are the main
cause of air pollution.
Industry, including factories
and power plants, burn
large quantities of fuel.
Burning coal and
petroleum releases sulfur
oxides and nitrogen oxide
into the air. Airplanes,
boats, and cars burn
petroleum, releasing
carbon monoxide and
carbon dioxide.

5. Air Pollution
The waste in landfills
releases methane. Sulfur
oxides, carbon monoxide
and carbon dioxide, and
methane all have a very
negative effect on air
quality. These pollutants
can also contribute to the
greenhouse effect.

6. Some air pollution is not directly caused by humans: for example, animals
emit carbon dioxide when they breathe, and volcanoes release sulfur oxide.
However, most air pollution is linked directly or indirectly to human activity.
This means that air pollution can be best controlled by modifying human
activity to burn a smaller quantity of fossil fuels.
Air
Pollution

7. TYPES OF AIR
POLLUTION
There are several types
of air pollution, Mainly
Indoor Air Pollution and
Out Door Air Pollution.
These include smog, acid
rain, the green house
effect and hole in the
ozone layer.

8. INDOOR AIR POLLUTION
SOURCES OF INDOOR
AIR POLLUTION
-TABACCO SMOKE
-COOKING AND HEATING
APPLIANCES
-VAPORES FROM
BUILDING MATERIALS
Pollutants can be 5-100X
greater than outdoors.
It is more dangerous than
the outdoor pollution,
because we do everything
in enclosed environments
where air circulation may
be restricted.

9. ©2009 abcteach.com

11. Some individuals are much more sensitive to pollutants than are others.
Air pollution can affect our health in many ways with both short term and
long term effects.
Many different chemicals in the air affect the human body in negative
ways.
Older people are highly vulnerable to diseases induced by air pollution.
Those with heart or lung disorders are under additional risk
Children and infants are also at serious risk.
Air pollutants such as ozone, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur dioxide also have
harmful effects on natural ecosystems. They can kill plants and trees by
destroying their leaves, and can kill animals, especially fish in highly polluted
rivers.

12. Smog is a type of large scale outdoorSmog is a type of large scale outdoor
pollution. It is caused by chemicalpollution. It is caused by chemical
reactions between pollutants derived fromreactions between pollutants derived from
different sources.different sources.

13. 5 Major Pollutants:
5 Major Pollutants:
1..) Carbon Monoxide
2.) Sulfur Dioxide
3.) Nitrogen Dioxide
4.) Particulate Matter
5.) Ground Level Ozone
5 Major Pollutants:
5 Major Pollutants:
1..) Carbon Monoxide
2.) Sulfur Dioxide
3.) Nitrogen Dioxide
4.) Particulate Matter
5.) Ground Level Ozone

14. Carbon MonoxideCarbon Monoxide
•colorless, odorless
•produced when carbon does
not burn in fossil fuels
•present in car exhaust
•deprives body of O2 causing
headaches, fatigue, and impaired
vision

15. Sulfur DioxideSulfur Dioxide
•produced when coal and
fuel oil are burned
•present in power plant
exhaust
•narrows the airway,
causing wheezing and
shortness of breath,
especially in those with
asthma

16. Nitrogen DioxideNitrogen Dioxide
•reddish, brown gas
•produced when nitric oxide
combines with oxygen in the
atmosphere
•present in car exhaust and
power plants
•affects lungs and causes
wheezing; increases chance of
respiratory infection

17. Particulate MatterParticulate Matter
•particles of different sizes and
structures that are released into the
atmosphere
•present in many sources including
fossil fuels, dust, smoke, fog, etc.
•can build up in respiratory system
•aggravates heart and lung disease;
increases risk of respiratory infection

18. Carbon MonoxideCarbon Monoxide
•colorless, odorless
•produced when carbon does
not burn in fossil fuels
•present in car exhaust
•deprives body of O2 causing
headaches, fatigue, and impaired
vision

19. Ground Level OzoneGround Level Ozone
•at upper level, ozone shields Earth from
sun’s harmful UV rays
•at ground level, ozone is harmful
pollutants
•formed from car, power and chemical
plant exhaust
•irritate respiratory system and asthma;
reduces lung function by inflaming and
damaging lining of lungs

20. THESE FIVES TOGETHER FORMSTHESE FIVES TOGETHER FORMS
SMOG AND IT EFFECTSSMOG AND IT EFFECTS
•1st
smog related deaths were in London in 1873; death toll 500
people; can you imagine how much worse the atmosphere is
now?!
•Limits visibility
•Decreases UV radiation
•Yellow/black color over cities
•Causes respiratory problems and bronchial related deaths

26. Formation of Ozone & it’s
depletion
Ozone is formed in the atmosphere when ultraviolet
radiation from the Sun splits one oxygen molecule into
two oxygen atoms (O2). The atomic oxygen then
combines with another oxygen molecule to form ozone
(O3). Most ozone found in the Earth’s atmosphere
occurs in one layer in the stratosphere, between
altitudes of around 20 to 50 km.

27. Causes of the depletion of the
ozone:
a. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
b. Halons
c. Hydro chlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs)
d. Methyl Bromide.
Used in:
 Refrigeration, air conditioning, fire
fighting, metal-cleaning, soil fumigation

28. Effects of depletion of the Ozone
Layer:
-When the ozone layer is depleted the UV-Rays of the sun can
penetrate to the earth. They have serious effects namely:
 Skin Cancer
 Impairment of the body’s immune system
 Eye Cataract
 Damage of the genetic material (DNA) leading to mutation of
the affected organisms.
 Damage to crops
 Inhibition of photosynthesis or mobility of sea weeds
(phytoplankton) including damage to aquatic fauna.
 Degradation of paints, rubbers, wood and plastics used in
buildings.

29. Effects of depletion of the Ozone
Layer:
• -When the ozone layer is depleted
the UV-Rays of the sun can
penetrate to the earth. They have
serious effects namely:
 Skin Cancer
 Impairment of the body’s immune
system
 Eye Cataract
 Damage of the genetic material
(DNA) leading to mutation of the
affected organisms.
 Damage to crops
 Inhibition of photosynthesis or
mobility of sea weeds
(phytoplankton) including damage
to aquatic fauna.
 Degradation of paints, rubbers,
wood and plastics used in buildings.

30. PREVENTIONS

31. Public Transport: Whenever possible, try to travel by public transports. This
helps in two ways; prevents air pollution and increases public income. If you
are going to a nearby place, go by walking or use a bicycle, instead of using
your vehicle. The objective is to minimize the use of fuels as far as possible.
Alternative Energy Sources: Another effective way to prevent air pollution
is to use alternative energy sources such as solar energy, hydroelectric
energy, and wind energy. Nowadays, sophisticated technologies such as
wind turbine, solar water heaters are introduced to generate electricity and
other energy forms for household uses.
Saving Energy: Saving energy will, of course, help to prevent air pollution.
Switch off the lights, fans, air conditioners, televisions, and other appliances,
when not in use. You can also share a room with others when the air
conditioner or fan is on, instead of switching them on in every room.