This document provides information about CD drives and optical discs. It discusses the history and development of CDs from their original use for audio to later standards for data storage. The physical components of a CD are described, including the polycarbonate substrate and reflective layers. The document explains how CD drives work by using pits and lands to encode binary data, which is detected by changes in light reflection. Different CD formats are listed, and guidelines are provided for recycling optical discs to reduce electronic waste.

1. UNDER THE GUIDENCE : Ms.M. JANCYPRIYA M.Sc.,B.Ed.,M.Phil
NAME OF THE STUDENT : M. ISHWARIYA
M. DHIVYA
C. LILLY TRESHA
CLASS : III BCA ‘A’
REGISTER NUMBER : CB17S250376
CB17S250366
CB17S250389
BATCH : 2017-2020
YEAR : 2019-2020

3. CONTENTS
 Objective
 History
 Introduction
 Physical Detail Of CD drive
 Working Principles of CD drive
 Various Standards of CD drive
 CD and DVD Recycling Guide
 Reduce and Recycle
 Summary
 References

4. OBJECTIVE
 List the Benefits Of Optical Media
 Explain how Data is Organized, Accessed , And Processed.
 Explain different CD Formats Such as CD-DA,CD-R,CD-RW,CD-I
etc.
 Comparison between optical & magnetic media.

5. HISTORY
 A CD (Computer Disk) is an optical media storage device , originally
developed by Philips and Sony and introduced as CD-Digital audio (CD-
DA) in 1980
 CD-DA was originally developed to contain only audio information.
 The compact Disc Digital Audio Standard, commonly referred to as the
Red Book.
 Extensions to the Red Book Standard were Developed for Storing
computer data, Computer data, compressed audio ,video , and graphical
information on CD.

6. OPTICAL DISKS
 Compact
 Permanent Storage
 Tow common Types
CD
DVD

7. COMPACT DISC
 Optical format
 From 650 MB to 1 GB Capacity
 Disks made of reflective material; how each bit reflects light—or doesn’t reflect it—
determines whether it’s a 1 or a 0.
 TYPES
 Read only: CD-ROM
 Write once : CD-R
 Rewriteable : CD-RW
 Picture CDs and Photo CDs

8. PHYSICAL DETAILS OF CD DRIVE
 The compact disc consist of polycarbonate substrate 120mm in
diameter 1.2mm in thickness.
 The Polycarbonate layer contains microscopic pits . Each pit is
100nm in depth & 500nm in width.
 The space between two pits is called lands.
 The polycarbonate substrate is covered by reflective aluminium
or gold to increase reflectivity .
 The reflective surface is protected by a layer of lacquer to physical
details of CD.

9. CD LAYERS
LABEL
Plastic
Reflective aluminum
Protective
polycarbonate

10. WORKING

11. WORKING PRINCIPLES OF CD DRIVE
 Lands reflects the laser beam light.
 Pits diffuses the light.
 Lands & pits convey binary values.
 The reflected light falls on a photo detector
 It sense the presence of a land or pit by the intensity energy.

12. VARIOUS STANDARDS OF CD DRIVE
 CD-DA(Compact Disc-Digital Audio)
 CD-ROM(Compact Disc-Read Only Memory)
 CD-i(CD Interactive)
 CD-ROM/XA(CD ROM Extended Architecture)
 CD-R(Compact Disc-Rewritable)
 CD-RW(Compact Disc-Recordable)
 Video CD

13. CD AND DVD RECYCLING GUIDE
 Technology is always changing.
 What becomes the standard medium evolves into something completely different
and typically requires a new set of hardware.
 From vinyl to Cassettes, CDs to MP3s and now, Streaming music services, we
find ourselves upgrading to the latest, greatest technology.
 Because CDs and DVDs can’t be put in the single-stream recycling bin, let’s
show you to reduce your Waste through CD RECYCLING.

14. REDUCE
 Converting to a digital streaming service lick Pandora ,Spotify, Google Play
Music , Amazon Music , or Apple Music are all great ways to listen to your
favorite music.
 Services lick Hulu and Netflix cut document on the amount of DVDs you have to
buy or rent to view your favorite.
 Services lick Hulu and Netflix cut down on the amount of DVDs you have to buy
or rent to view your favorite shows

15. RECYCLE
 The Compact Disc Recycling Center was founded in 2006 to provide consumers
and companies education , awareness , and options for easy CD and DVD
RECYCLING .
 The website Provides valuable information on how free CD/DVD Recycling &
free hard drive Recycling services are offered by back thru the future technology
disposal to consumers.
 IF you have any questions about county Waste & Recycling’s residential service ,
or would like to request service, please contact us.

16. SUMMARY
 Optical media have a number of advantages over magnetic media such as the
floppy disk.
 One optical disc holds about the equivalent of 500 floppies worth of data.
 Durability is another feature of optical media: they last up to seven times as long
as traditional storage media.
 Also, the life span of optical media is much greater than that of magnetic media.

17. THANK YOU