cytokines

1. CYTOKINES
-:Guided By:-
Miss Bipti kumari sahu
NAME:- Rupali Barkandaj
DEPARTMENT:- Zoology
CLASS:- BSC Final year

2. CONTENTS
 Introduction of cytokines
 Types of cytokines
 Chemokines
 Colony-Stimulating Factors
 Interferons
 Interleukins
 Transforming-Growth factor
 Tumor necrosis factor (INF)
 Property of cytokines
 Activities of cytokines

4. CYTOKINES
o It is a type of protein that is made by certain immune
and non-immune cells and has an effect on the
immune system
o Cytokines have become an important role in medicines
in human diseases. Some cytokines stimulates the
immune system and other slow it down

6.  Chemokines : Chemokines helps to promote the formation of
new blood vessels.
 Colony-Stimulating factor : They manage the level of blood cell
production based on the requirements of our bodies.
 Interferons : Interferons is a natural substance that fight
against infection and other diseases.
o They are three main types of interferons
i.Interferon-alfa ( IF-alfa)
ii.Interferon-beta (IF-beta)
iii.Interferon-gamma (IF-gamma)

7. Interleukins : Interleukins regulate cell growth and antibody
generation.
The human genome encodes more than fifty interleukins and
related protein.
 Interleukin 1(II-1); Interleukin 1(II-1) secreted by
monocytes endothecial cell and epithelical cells. Targets to
the vasculature, hypothalamus (fever), liver
 Interleukin 2(II-2); (II-) secreted by T cells, targets to T-cell
prolitcration.
 Interleukin 4(II-4); (II-4) secreted by TH2 cells, mast cells
and targets to promotes TH2 differentiation.
 Interleukin5(II-5); (II-5) secreted by TH2 cells and targets
to induces secretion of TH2 cytokines.
 Interleukin 6(II-6); (II-6) secreted by endothelial cells
targets to liver.
 Interleukin 12(II-12); (II-12) secreted by dendritic cells and
macrophages that targets to MK cells.

8.  Transforming growth factor – beta (IGF-Beta):
• It modifies fibroblasts into other kinds of connective tissues.
• It can also promote wound healing and controls some immunological
process.
 Tumor necrosis factor (INF) :
•It occurs in two types
i. TNF-alpha
ii. TNF-beta
INF-alpha : It is involved in most anti-tumor, antiviral and anti- parasitic
activities.
INF-Beta : It is mainly concerned with stimulating other cytokines.

9. P R O P E R T I E S O F C Y T O K I N E S
o They bind to specific receptor on the membrane of target cells which
will show biological affect.
 Pleotropy : When a same cytokine exhibits different biological effects
on different target cells then it has pleotropic action.
Eg; It -4 (it is involved in the activation proliteration and
differentiation of b-cells and proliferation of thymosites and most
cells)

10. Redundancy: When two or more cytokines gave same functional effects
called redundency.
Eg; II-2, II-4 and II-5 are involved in B-Cell proliferation.

11.  Synergism: When the combined effect of two cytokines on cellular
activities is greater than additive effects of individual cytokines,
it is called synergism effects.
Eg; II-2 + II-4 induces class switching to Ig E.

12. Antagomism: When the effect of one cytokine inhibits the action of other
cytokines, it is called antagonistic action.

13.  Cytokine exerts three types of actions
 Autocrine: It binds to receptors on the
membrane of same cell that secreted it.
 Paracrine: It binds to receptor on a target
cell in close proximity to the producer cell.
 Endocrine: It binds to the receptor on
target cell in distant part of body through
circulatory system.

14. REFERENCE: Punt, J., strandford , S., Jones, P., And
owen, J.A. , Kuby Immunology (9th ed.). -PP-(227-299)
Dinarello, Charles A. (2002), Proinflammatory
cytokines.
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