The document provides information about BeautySafe, an online education tool created by BeautyCouncil to promote safe sanitation protocols and standards for the beauty industry in British Columbia. It was created in response to the lack of industry standards and public health concerns. BeautySafe certification training covers general trade practices as well as specialized modules, and is recommended for all personal service workers, students, instructors, and health inspectors. The training helps beauticians understand infection control practices like proper cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization of implements to reduce health risks for clients and protect reputations.
2. What is BeautySafe?
• BeautyCouncil initiative to raise
& maintain high standards in a
deregulated industry
• Online education tool promoting
safe sanitation protocols &
standards
• Worked with health authorities
& various organizations to
incorporate standards
recognized in BC and across
Canada.
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Why was BeautySafe created?
• Need for information and
awareness
• Currently no industry standards for
health & safety in place
• Public concern over health and
safety
• Influx of diversity
• Mainstream safety measures
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Benefits of BeautySafe
• Unity of standards
• Reduces health risks & infections
for you & your clients
• Protects your client & your
reputation
• Enhances client confidence that
safety standards are upheld
• Assists in refreshing knowledge on
safe sanitation protocols &
standards
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Who should take BeautySafe?
ALL Personal Service Workers (PSW)
& cosmetology professionals:
• Students & Apprentices
• Salon & Spa staff
• Salon and Spa staff
• School Instructors and Owners
• Health Inspectors
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• Card & Wall-Mount size
certification
• Window decal for businesses
• BeautySafe certification
endorsed & recognized by
various jurisdictions
• Valid for 3 years
BeautySafe Certification
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• Foundations Module: General Trade Practices
• Specialized Trade Modules (www.beautysafe.ca)
$60/module or $30/module for BeautyCouncil members
– Cosmetic Tattooing
– Esthetics
– Hairstyling
– Nail Technology
– Piercing
BeautySafe Trade Specialized Modules
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Infection Control
• Infection prevention and control are correct
procedures & techniques to prevent or reduce
the spread of infection & disease.
• Infection occurs when body’s tissue is invaded
by:
– pathogens
– harmful disease causing bacteria, viruses
and fungi
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Infection Control
• You can get an infection when:
– Breathing in droplets containing
bacteria/virus
– Eating contaminated food or drinking water
– Contact with open sores, contaminated
equipment, surfaces or food
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• Personal service worker (PSW)
• Personal Service establishment
(PSE)
• Environmental Health Officer or
Inspector
Personal Service Worker
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Contagious or Communicable Disease
• Spread from person to person through contact:
– breathing in droplets after someone coughs or
sneezes
– ingesting contaminated food or water
– dirty hands
– use of dirty surfaces, objects & implements
– contact of open sores, pus, mouth & nose
discharge
–
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Bacteria
• One-celled microorganism causing infection
• Lives & reproduces on their own and exists
almost anywhere:
– On your body
– In the air & water
– Clothing
– Under nails
– Body’s secretions
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Bacteria
• Non-Pathogenic Bacteria live on skin &
mucous membranes (inside mouth & nose)
without causing infections
• Pathogenic Bacteria can invade & cause
following infections:
– Cellulitis (bacterial inflammation of skin)
– Pustules (boils)
– Abscesses (parasitic infection)
– Pneumonia (lung inflammation)
– Meningitis (infection of brain lining)
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Non-Pathogenic Bacteria
• Harmless, do not cause disease
• Helpful bacteria, uses:
- Help break down food
- Stimulate immune system
- May protect against infection
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Pathogenic Bacteria
• Harmful, may cause disease or infection
if entered into body
• Pathogenic Bacteria transmitted by:
- Direct or indirect contact with infected
people
- Droplets from coughing or sneezing
- Drinking or eating contaminated food
or water
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Types of Pathogenic Bacteria
• Bacilli
- cause diseases like typhoid fever,
tuberculosis
• Spirilla
- causes diseases like syphilis, lyme
disease
• Cocci
- Staphylococci
- Streptococci
- Diplococci
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Types of Pathogenic Bacteria
• Staphylococci
- Most common human bacteria
carried on skin, spread through
contact like shaking hands
• Streptococci
- Strep throat & blood poisoning
• Diplococci
- Pneumonia
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Virus
• A disease causing microorganism capable of
infecting almost all plants, animals and even
bacteria
• Can multiple on its own but must invade a living
cell to multiply
• Antibiotics cannot cure viruses, must use other
vaccines
• Common viruses:
- cold, influenza, hepatits, HIV
- food poisoning, liver damage,
- chicken pox, rabies, measles, mumps
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Blood-borne Pathogens
• Disease-causing bacteria or viruses that are transmitted
into the body through blood and body fluids
• Spread when blood or body fluids of infected person,
equipment or surface enter the bloodstream or mucus
membranes of another person
• Sources of blood-borne pathogens infection (e.g.
Hepatitis B or C, HIV):
- broken skin, cut, needle-stick injury, splash to the
mouth, eyes or nose
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Types of Pathogenic Viruses:
• Hepatitis B
– Very infectious, spread through sexual
contact, tattooing, piercing, needle pricks,
razors, toothbrush
– Strongly recommend personal service
workers immunized against Hep B virus
• Hepatitis C
– Not as infectious, spread by tattooing,
piercing or any activity involving blood
– no vaccine for Hep C virus
• Both lead to lifelong liver damage
• Acute infection: fatigue, joint pain, nausea,
stomaches, jaundice
• Prevention: strict
avoidance of blood & body
fluid contact, disinfection &
sterilization procedures
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• HIV
– Human Immunodeficiency Virus
– Spread through blood & body fluids,
unprotected sexual contact, needle
sharing, tattooing or skin piercing
– Less infectious than Hep B or C viruses
but no vaccine for protection
– Breaks down body’s immune system so
no longer capable to fight infection
leading to AIDS
• Prevention: strict disinfection & sterilization
procedures
Types of Pathogenic Viruses:
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• Influenza
– Flu, highly contagious, viral infection
leading to respiratory illness
– Disease of lungs and upper airways
– Contact from contaminated surfaces like
hands or droplets in air from coughs or
sneezes to eyes, nose or mouth
• Flu Symptoms
– headache, chills, rapid fever, appetite loss
– infected people with flu contagious from
the day before they feel symptoms
• Prevention: flu vaccination
Types of Pathogenic Viruses:
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Types of Pathogenic Fungi:
• Fungal infections are contagious and easily
transmitted from person to person
• Spread through contaminated implements like:
– Combs
– Brushes
– Foot baths
– Manicure/Pedicure implements
• Fungi infections:
– Nail fungi
– Athlete’s foot
– Tinea (ring worm)
• Prevention: Proper
cleaning & disinfection
procedures & frequent hand
washing
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• Must have a host to survive
• Spread by direct person-to-person contact by
sharing:
– combs
– bedding
– underclothes
– hats
• Types of parasites: scabies & head lice
• Prevention: proper cleaning & disinfection
procedures
Types of Pathogenic Parasites:
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• Sign of good health
• Ability to fight and destroy pathogens that
have entered body
• Method to protect against infectious
bacteria, viruses & microorganisms
• Natural Immunity
– developed through clean, heathy &
hygienic lifestyle
• Acquired Immunity
– developed after body has overcome
a disease or through vaccination
Immunity
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• Structural change in the skin tissue
caused by injury or damage
• Primary Lesions:
– early stages of skin tissue
change (i.e. blisters, cysts,
macules, papules & pustules
• Secondary Lesions:
– later stages of disease (i.e.
crusts, ulcers & scars
Skin Disorders: Lesions
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• Skin coming in contact with certain products
which cause an adverse effect
• Allergic dermatitis:
– skin allergic to product like latex,
chemicals, hair colours.
• Irritant contact dermatitis:
– skin is damaged by certain irritating
products
• Symptoms are redness, swelling & itching
• Prevention: do not perform service on
infected skin area, refer client to physician
Skin Disorders: Contact Dermatitis
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• Designed to be used ONCE, then DISPOSED
• Process of cleaning and disinfecting will
damage or change it
• Disposing of it is safer & easier than cleaning it
• Instruments that may contact blood and prevent
transmission of blood-borne pathogens
• Examples:
– Cotton pads, needles, lancets, razors,
porous nail files, foot scrubbers
Single-Use Implements
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• REUSABLE
• Can be cleaned and disinfected or
sterilized safely
• Safe to use on another client
• Examples:
– combs
– brushes
– bowls
– tweezers
– scissors
– towels, linens
Multi-Use Implements
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• Critical:
– Penetrate or puncture the skin
• Semi-Critical:
– Not intended to puncture the skin, may
accidentally
• Non-Critical:
– Do not penetrate the skin
Implement Classification
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• Penetrate or puncture the skin
• Purchased sterile and discarded following
single-use or require proper cleaning &
sterilizing
• Examples:
– Cosmetic tattooing equipment
– Ear piercing instruments
– Comedone extractors
Implement Classification: Critical
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• Do not penetrate skin
• Require cleaning & high-level disinfection
• Examples:
– scissors
– tweezers
– nail or cuticle nippers
– cuticle pushers
– work surfaces & equipment trays
Implement Classification: Semi-Critical
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• Do not penetrate skin
• Require cleaning & low-level disinfection
• Examples:
– beds
– chairs
– work stations
– headrests
Implement Classification: Non-Critical
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• Centralized area
• Adequate space
• Separate from where implements are used
and stored
• Access to sinks and running water
• Appropriate personal protective equipment
(PPE)
The Reprocessing Environment
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• Practice of physically removing all visible debris and
organic matter like residual product, dirt, dust, blood,
and skin from all surfaces and multi-use salon
implements and equipment
• Reduces risk of spreading infection or pathogenic
microorganisms
• Thorough & meticulous cleaning is required prior to
implements being disinfected or sterilized
Cleaning
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• Use detergent or chelating surfactant soap to clean
implements
• Soaps are low sudsing especially in hard water
• Soak all implements in warm water then scrub implements
with clean scrub brush
• Rinse in warm water
• 2 sets of multi-use implements recommended to allow
time to be cleaned, disinfected & sterilized properly
• Gloves worn while cleaning implements
Cleaning Procedure
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• Properly drying all implements prevents the
further growth of bacteria, viruses and other
microorganisms
• Dry on clean surface
• If proceeding with a disinfectant or sterilizer,
dry completely with a disposable towel
• Residual liquids will compromise the
effectiveness of the disinfectant or sterilizer
• Drying important on stainless steel to prevent
corrosion
Drying Implements
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• Process of eliminating most microorganisms, including
potentially infectious bacteria, fungi and viruses (with the
exception of bacterial spores) found on non-living objects.
• Disinfect non-critical & semi-critical multi-use
implements after they have been properly cleaned & dried
• Disinfectants have a Drug Identification Number
(DIN), but not bleach
• DIN means product was reviewed by Health Canada
to be safe & effective for its intended use
• All disinfectants made fresh daily according to
manufacturer’s directions
Disinfection
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• High: Destroys all microorganisms,
including potentially infectious bacteria,
fungi and viruses. Use on
semi-critical items.
• Intermediate: Destroys most bacteria,
some fungi and some viruses. Use on
semi-critical items.
• Low: Destroys most bacteria, some fungi
and some viruses. Use on non-critical
items.
Levels of Disinfection
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• Follow the manufacturer’s guidelines
• Add the disinfectant solution to the water
• Place in a covered container
• Completely submerse the implements
• Change the solution daily or immediately
following contamination
Chemical Disinfectants
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• Highest level of disinfection
• Destroys all bacteria, fungus, viruses and bacterial spores
• Necessary following all invasive treatments the break or
pierce skin
• Critical multi-use implements must be sterilized after use
• Semi-critical multi-use implements, accidentally come into
contact with blood or body fluids must be sterilized or
discarded
• All items should remain in sterile packaging until point of use
Sterilization
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• Dry heat sterilizers:
– uses high temperature & duration of exposure to
heat
• Chemical autoclaves:
– use disinfectant with heat, pressure, time &
packaging
• Steam autoclaves:
– use pressure with heat & time to sterilize. Test strips
of time & temperature are monitored ensure
effectiveness
• Ensure to follow manufacturer’s instructions
Types of Sterilization
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• Load evenly
• Processing time
• Point of use
• Written records
• Monitor effectiveness
Important Facts About
Sterilizers
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• Away from other supplies and equipment
• Cool, dry environment
• Away from other chemicals, heat, furnace
• With adequate ventilation
• Clearly label all containers
• Keep a material safety data sheet (MSDS)
available
Safe Storing of Chemicals
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• Chemical agent that inactivates or kills
the growth of microorganisms to prevent
infection on the surface of the skin &
body
• Skin antiseptics with alcohol 70% or
greater, kills most common bacteria in
less than 60 seconds
• Recommended prior to performing
skincare, waxing, manicure, pedicure,
ear piercing, cosmetic tattooing
Skin Antiseptics
49. 49
• Store all cleaned, disinfected and
sterilized implements in a
clean, dry, air tight, cleanable
container.
• UV sanitizer used as storage only
when instruments have been cleaned,
disinfected & sterilized.
Storing Implements
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• Hand cleaning is the most important procedure for
preventing the spread of germs and removing harmful
microorganisms.
• Hand washing procedure:
– remove hand and arm jewellery
– wet your hands with warm (not hot) running water
– add soap, rub hands together making a lather
– wash for 20 to 30 seconds, paying attention to the
front and back, fingertips, between fingers and under
nails
– rinse well under warm running water, using a rubbing
motion
– wipe and dry gently with a disposable paper towel
– turn taps off using the paper towel
Hand Cleaning
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• Used to prevent spread of contamination
& diseases
• Examples of PPE:
– Gloves
– Lab coat
– Face mask
– Eye wear
Personal Protective Equipment
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• Work Stations
• Lighting at your Work Area
• Salon Chairs and Treatment Beds
• Salon and Spa Flooring
• Refuse Disposal
Salon & Spa Work Area
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• Air Quality
• Ventilation
• Safe Chemical Practices
Salon & Spa Work Area
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• Sinks and Hair Washing Stations
• Public Restrooms
• Beverage Services
• Reception Area
• Linen and Laundry Service
• Salon and Spa Dispensary
Client Services
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• Determine appropriate service based on
the details you receive from your client
based on their:
- style
- individual personality
- lifestyle
- health
- skin care
- hair conditions
Consultation and your client’s health
Infection prevention and control is the use of correct procedures and techniques to prevent or reduce the spread of infection and disease.
Infection occurs when our body's tissue is invaded by pathogens; harmful disease causing bacteria, viruses or fungi.
Infection can occur in a number of ways, breathing in droplets containing bacteria or viruses, eating contaminated food or drinking contaminated water or other liquids or contact with open sores, contaminated equipment, surfaces or food. It is vital that you understand how your client can infect you and how you can infect your client. There is a heightened awareness by the public of the safety procedures necessary to prevent infection. Therefore, it is our responsibility as Cosmetologists to be BeautySafe.
Infection can occur in a number of ways, breathing in droplets containing bacteria or viruses, eating contaminated food or drinking contaminated water or other liquids or contact with open sores, contaminated equipment, surfaces or food. It is vital that you understand how your client can infect you and how you can infect your client. There is a heightened awareness by the public of the safety procedures necessary to prevent infection. Therefore, it is our responsibility as Cosmetologists to be BeautySafe.
A Personal Service Worker (or PSW) is defined under the British Columbia's Ministry of Health Regulations and Guidelines as an operator of the following services (relative to BeautySafe, but not limited to): Hair Services, Shaving, Skin Care or Esthetics, Waxing, Manicure and Pedicure, Acrylic Nails, Tattooing and Body Piercing, which includes ear piercing.
Under those same guidelines, a Personal Service Establishment (or PSE) is defined as "an establishment in which a person provides a service to or on the body of another person, and includes a barbershop, beauty parlour, health spa, massage parlour, tattoo shop, sauna and steam bath". The owner or operator of such an establishment is expected to operate the business in a safe and sanitary manner. They must observe all precautions necessary to prevent the spread of infection and disease.
An Environmental Health Officer or Public Health Inspector or Official's role is to inspect and assess if a personal service establishment is operating according to the regulations and guidelines set out by the Ministry of Health.
A contagious or communicable disease is one that can spread from one person to another through contact, breathing in droplets after someone coughs or sneezes or ingesting contaminated food or water. Some examples of contagious diseases are:
ringworm (fungus)
pink eye (or conjunctivitis)
skin infections (bacteria)
the common cold (virus)
They may spread through dirty hands, objects and implements, open sores, pus, mouth and nose discharge, shared drinking cups, and surfaces that people touch. Pus, mouth and nasal discharge can be signs and sources of a harmful and contagious bacterial infection or disease causing microorganisms like bacteria and viruses.
There are three types of potentially infectious microorganisms important in the Cosmetology industry. They are:
bacteria
fungi
viruses
To be an effective practitioner in this industry you must be aware of these threats and practice your trade safely.
Bacteria are one-celled microorganisms that can cause infection. Bacteria can live and reproduce on their own and can exist almost anywhere. Some examples of where bacteria thrive are:
on your body
in the air
in water
on your clothing
under your nails
in your body's secretions
Bacteria live on skin and mucous membranes (inside the mouth and nose) all the time and do not usually cause infections, but if you have a scrape or cut in your skin, they can invade and cause a skin infection like cellulitis (bacterial inflammation of the skin) or pustules (boils) and abscesses (usually a bacteria or parasitic infection). Sometimes bacteria can cause more serious infections that spread in the blood, including pneumonia (inflammatory condition of the lung), meningitis (infection of the lining of the brain) and toxic shock (bacterial toxin).
2 Types of Bacteria: Non-Pathogenic & Pathogenic
Non-Pathogenic Bacteria live on skin and mucous membranes (inside the mouth and nose) all the time and do not usually cause infections.
Occasionally, in some circumstances the bacteria that normally live on or in our body can become pathogenic and cause infection. For example, if you have a cut or scrape on your skin, the bacteria can get under your skin and may cause infection. That is another reason why it is so important to cover cuts and scrapes when providing service.
Pathogenic Bacteria can invade and cause a skin infection like cellulitis (bacterial inflammation of the skin) or pustules (boils) and abscesses (usually a bacteria or parasitic infection). Sometimes bacteria can cause more serious infections that spread in the blood, including pneumonia (inflammatory condition of the lung), and meningitis (infection of the lining of the brain).
Non-pathogenic bacteria are usually harmless and do not cause disease. Normal flora is a term used to refer to bacteria that are on our skin and in our body all the time. In our body, these bacteria:
help break down food
stimulate our immune system
may help protect against infection
Pathogenic bacteria are considered harmful and may cause disease or infection if they enter the human body. The transmission of pathogenic bacteria is less common in the air. Pathogenic bacteria:
are transmitted through direct and indirect contact with infected people (for example from stools after an infected person has gone to the bathroom and not washed their hands, on contaminated implements, dust or wherever they settle)
can also be transmitted through droplets from coughing or sneezing or from drinking or eating contaminated food or water
Pathogenic bacteria include Bacilli, Spirilla & Cocci.
Bacilli bacteria commonly cause diseases such as typhoid fever, tetanus, diphtheria and tuberculosis. Some bacilli form spores, a way to protect them from heat, cold and chemicals.
Spirilla bacteria cause diseases such as syphilis (a sexually transmitted disease) and Lyme disease, transmitted by a tick.
The three common types of Cocci bacteria are Staphylococci, Streptococci, and Diplococci.
Staphylococci is the most common human bacteria carried on the skin by at least one third of the population. It is spread through contact with unclean implements, work surfaces, shaking hands, contact with doorknobs, and through food poisoning. Symptoms of a Staphylococci (Staph) infection are often pustules, boils or abscesses containing pus.
Streptococci are also pus-forming and cause diseases such as impetigo, strep throat and blood poisoning.
Diplococci cause diseases such as pneumonia.
A virus is a disease causing microorganism capable of infecting almost all plants, animals and even bacteria.
A virus cannot multiply on its own, but must invade a living cell in order to multiply. A virus is not affected by antibiotics, yet there are vaccinations available for many of these diseases.
Viruses are the cause of:- the common cold- influenza- HIV- hepatitis- many respiratory infections- food poisoning- liver damage
- gastrointestinal (digestive tract) infections- chicken pox- rabies- measles- mumps
Blood-borne pathogens are disease-causing bacteria or viruses that are transmitted into the body through blood or body fluids. When the skin or mucous membrane is broken or pierced, pathogens have the opportunity to enter the body resulting in the transmission of disease or infection. Blood-borne pathogens are spread when blood or body fluids of an infected person enter the bloodstream or mucus membranes of another person. The possible source includes direct contact through contaminated equipment or surfaces. Some examples are through:
broken skin
a cut
a needle-stick injury
a splash to the mouth, eyes or nose
In the Cosmetology industry, blood-borne pathogens can be spread through services such as shaving, waxing, tweezing, tattooing, piercing and facial treatments. The most common blood-borne pathogens are the hepatitis B, hepatitis C or HIV. It is vital to always remember that anytime the skin is broken we must assume it may be infected with blood-borne pathogens.
Hepatitis B and C are viruses carried in the blood and body fluids of infected people which can lead to serious lifelong liver damage. Some symptoms of acute infection with hepatitis are jaundice, fatigue, joint pain, stomach pain and nausea.
Hepatitis B virus (or HBV) is very infectious and can be spread through sexual contact, tattooing, piercing, needle pricks, as well as sharing personal items such as a razor or toothbrush.
Hepatitis C virus (or HCV) is not as easily transmitted but can also be passed on by tattooing, piercing and any other activity that may involve blood.
HBV can survive outside the human body for up to 28 days and HCV for up to seven days in certain conditions. It is strongly encouraged and recommended that all personal service workers become immunized against the hepatitis B virus. There is no vaccine for hepatitis C virus, so it is necessary to practice strict adherence to prevention through avoiding blood and body fluid contact and practicing strict disinfection and sterilization procedures.
HIV or Human Immunodeficiency Virus is a viral disease that breaks down the body's immune system rendering it no longer capable of fighting infection, leading to the disease AIDS (or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome). HIV is spread from person to person through blood and body fluids, unprotected sexual contact, needle sharing or pricks, tattooing or skin piercing.
Even though this virus has the lowest survival rate outside the human body, it is capable of surviving outside the human body for a few hours. It is less infectious than either hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus but again, there is no vaccine to protect people. Therefore, making sure to avoid blood contact and follow strict disinfection and sterilization procedures is very important.
Influenza (or flu) is a highly contagious, viral infection which leads to respiratory illness. People often refer to gastrointestinal illness as the “stomach flu” or simply the “flu”, but this is incorrect. The flu or influenza is a disease of the lungs and upper airways. The influenza virus and strains of the virus such as influenza A (H1N1) or A (H3N2) is spread through contaminated surfaces and hands or droplets that have been sneezed or coughed into the air. If you touch these droplets, then contact your eyes, nose or mouth, or breathe in the droplets you run the risk of contracting the flu virus.
Typically:
the symptoms start with a headache, chills, rapid fever and appetite loss
these symptoms can progress from there and usually last about 2 to 7 days for an adult and up to 2 weeks for younger children
people infected with the flu virus are contagious from the day before they feel ill and until their symptoms have resolved
Getting immunized with an influenza vaccination every year greatly prevents this infection and the severity of this virus.
Fungal infections are contagious and easily transmitted from person to person. A fungal infection in a salon or spa may be spread through contaminated implements such as combs, brushes, foot baths and manicure or pedicure implements. Some examples are:
nail fungi
athlete's foot
tinea (or ringworm)
tinea capitis (red spots on the hair follicle)
tinea favosa (crust on the scalp)
tinea barbae (or barber's itch)
This infection is normally treated by a physician with a topical fungal cream and sometimes a prescription strength oral medication is required. Proper cleaning and disinfection procedures and frequent hand cleaning will prevent the spread of this infection.
Parasites live in or on another living organism and feed off that organism or host. A parasite must have a host in order to survive. They are spread mainly by direct person-to-person contact such as skin-to-skin contact or by indirect contact with an object such as sharing a comb, bedding, underclothes or hat. Some examples of parasitic infections are scabies and head lice. Proper cleaning and disinfection procedures will prevent the spread of these infections.
Immunity is a sign of good health. It is the body's ability to fight and destroy pathogens that have entered the body and protects us against infectious bacteria, viruses or other microorganisms.
Natural immunity is partly inherited and partly developed through a clean, healthy and hygienic lifestyle.
Acquired immunity is developed after the body has overcome a disease or through a vaccination.
Lesions are structural changes in the skin tissue caused by injury or damage. Cosmetologists concern themselves with primary and secondary lesions.
Primary lesions are lesions in the early stages of change in the skin tissue. They include blisters, cysts, macules, papules, and pustules.
Secondary lesions occur in the later stages of disease. They include crusts, ulcers and scars.
Contact dermatitis is caused by the skin coming in contact with certain products which cause an adverse effect.
Allergic contact dermatitis occurs when the skin becomes allergic to a product. Some common allergies are to latex, chemicals, hair colour and acrylic liquids.
Irritant contact dermatitis is when the skin is damaged by certain irritating products. Hands that remain damp for extended periods of time may become irritated. The symptoms of allergic and irritant contact dermatitis often are redness, swelling and itching.
Knowledge about disorders of the skin will allow you to properly and efficiently assess your client before you begin your service.
If the skin condition is deemed unhealthy, do not perform the service and refer your client to a physician for appropriate treatment.
If a lesion is open or becomes open during the service that you are providing, be sure to care for it properly.
Single-use implements are designed to be used once then disposed of. An implement is classified as single-use when the process of cleaning and disinfecting will damage or change it, or when disposing of it is safer and easier than disinfecting or sterilizing. Single-use, disposable implements are particularly important for any instruments that may contact blood in order to prevent the transmission of blood-borne pathogens. Some examples of single-use implements are cotton pads, neck strips, disposable towels, orangewood sticks, paper sheets, porous nail files, foot scrubbers, lancets, needles and razors. Any single-use implement that accidentally drops on the floor must be immediately discarded.
Multi-use implements are reusable, which means they can be cleaned and disinfected or sterilized safely to use on another client. Be sure to have at least two sets of implements on hand which allows time for soiled implements to be cleaned and disinfected or sterilized properly. Some examples of multi-use implements are combs, brushes, bowls, applicator brushes, tweezers, scissors, cuticle nippers, towels and linen. For the most part these are items that only contact intact skin, not blood or body fluids.
There are three multi-use implement classification types:
- Critical Items
- Semi-Critical Items
- Non-Critical Items
Critical items are those implements that penetrate or puncture the skin or enter sterile tissue. This may occur through services such as esthetic facial extractions, manicures, pedicures, cosmetic tattooing and ear piercing. Some examples of critical implements are esthetic comedone extractors, ear piercing instruments and cosmetic tattooing equipment. These implements must be purchased as sterile and discarded following single-use or require cleaning and sterilizing.
Semi-Critical items are those implements that may accidentally penetrate or contact non-intact skin or mucous membrane such as eyes, ears, nose, mouth, but are not intended to penetrate them. Some examples of semi-critical implements are scissors, tweezers, nail or cuticle nippers and cuticle pushers. Work surfaces and equipment trays can also fall into this category if blood or body fluids get on them. Semi-critical implements require cleaning and high level disinfection.
Non-Critical items are those implements that come in contact with intact skin but do not penetrate.
These implements do not contact mucous membranes. Some examples of non-critical items are combs, brushes, chairs, beds, work stations, towels and headrests.
Non-critical implements require cleaning and low level disinfection.
The reprocessing environment must:
be a centralized specific area
have adequate space for reprocessing implements
be separate from where implements are used and soiled implements are being stored for reprocessing
be accessible and limited to persons capable of carrying out the reprocessing procedures
have surfaces that are easy to clean and disinfect
must have easy access to hand hygiene facilities such as sinks and running water
have appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) available which must be used during the reprocessing procedure (such as gloves, eye wear and a lab coat)
The reprocessing procedure involves cleaning all multi-use implements followed by either disinfecting or sterilizing them.
Cleaning is the practice of physically removing all visible debris and organic matter such as residual product, dirt, dust, blood and skin from all surfaces and multi-use salon implements and equipment. Properly cleaned tools greatly reduce the risk of spreading infection or pathogenic microorganisms. Thorough and meticulous cleaning is required prior to any implement being disinfected or sterilized. This step is a very important part of the reprocessing procedure as residual organic debris will compromise the disinfection or sterilization process
Be sure to have at least two sets of multi-use implements on hand which allows time for soiled implements to be cleaned and disinfected or sterilized properly. Gloves should be worn to protect your hands when cleaning implements.
Use a detergent or chelating surfactant soap to clean soiled implements. These soaps are low sudsing especially in hard water. Start by soaking all implements in warm, sudsy water and then scrub the implements with a clean scrub brush. Scrub below the water surface to avoid splashing. Rinse with warm water.
Be sure to have at least two sets of multi-use implements on hand which allows time for soiled implements to be cleaned and disinfected or sterilized properly. Gloves should be worn to protect your hands when cleaning implements.
Properly drying all implements prevents the further growth of bacteria, viruses or other microorganisms.
Allow implements to completely air dry on a clean surface. If proceeding with a disinfectant or sterilizer, completely dry the implements with a disposable towel. This is done since residual liquids will compromise the effectiveness of the disinfectant or sterilizer.
Drying is especially important on stainless steel implements in order to prevent corrosion.
Disinfection is the process of eliminating most microorganisms, including potentially infectious bacteria, fungi and viruses, with the exception of bacterial spores found on non-living objects. Disinfect after all non-critical and semi-critical multi-use implements have been properly cleaned and dried. Disinfectants used by Cosmetologists must be bactericidal, fungicidal, virucidal, tuberculocidal and have a drug identification number (DIN), with the exception of bleach (hypochlorite). Agents that kill different bacteria, viruses, fungi or spores have the suffix 'cide’ which means to kill. Bactericide kills bacteria, virucide kills viruses. The DIN indicates the product has been reviewed by Health Canada to be safe and effective for its intended use. Use caution when handling these products as they are not safe on human skin, hair and nails. All disinfectant solutions must be made fresh daily or according to the manufacturer's directions on the product label regarding mixing and timing.
There are three levels of disinfection:
- High
- Intermediate
- Low
High level disinfection destroys all microorganisms, bacteria, fungi and viruses, but not necessarily bacterial spores. High level disinfection is to be used on semi-critical items and surfaces following contact with blood or body fluids.
Intermediate level disinfection destroys most bacteria, some fungi and some viruses, but not bacterial spores. Intermediate level disinfection is used on semi-critical items and is the minimum level used when disinfecting a foot bath for pedicure treatments.
Low level disinfection destroys most bacteria, some fungi and some viruses, but can not kill resistant microorganisms and spores. Low level disinfection is used on non-critical implements.
When preparing a chemical disinfectant:
it is very important to follow the manufacturer's guidelines for use, contact time, storage, shelf life, dilution and personal protective equipment
if the dilution concentration is too low, it will not be effective
if the concentration is too high, there is a risk of damaging implements and causing toxic effects to the user
test solutions regularly to ensure the concentration is within acceptable limits
all chemical bottles and supplies should be well labelled.
Some examples of chemical disinfectants used by Cosmetologists are Quats, Phenolics, Bleach, Alcohol and Hydrogen Peroxide.
Sterilization is the highest level of disinfection since it destroys all bacteria, fungus, viruses and bacterial spores. This procedure is necessary following all invasive treatments that break or pierce into the skin.
Critical multi-use implements must be sterilized after use.
Semi-critical multi-use implements that have accidentally come into contact with blood or body fluids must be sterilized or discarded if items cannot withstand the sterilization process.
This level requires a high degree of quality control to ensure effective results.
Some examples of implements that may require sterilizing are comedone extractors, tweezers, cuticle nippers, cuticle pushers (if they contact blood or body fluids), piercing (lumen) and cosmetic tattooing equipment.
These implements must be thoroughly cleaned and dried prior to sterilization.
Sterilize these implements by placing them in packaging material specifically designed and manufactured for use in sterilization and specific to the sterilizer being used.
As a precaution, refer to the manufacturer's guidelines and recommendations regarding appropriate implements, mixing and contact time.
All items being removed from the sterilizer should be lifted out with sterile tongs or forceps in order to maintain a sterile state and to prevent contamination.
Depending on the implement's intended use, follow by rinsing with sterile water and dry with a disposable towel or allow the implement to completely air dry.
Test the effectiveness of the sterilizer by using time temperature test strips bi-weekly.
It is highly recommended that only pre-sterilized, single-use disposable lancet, razors or needles be used.
Before using any packaged items, check the integrity of the packaging. If the integrity is jeopardized, either re-sterilize or discard. All items should remain in their sterile packaging until point of use.
Chemical sterilants are fast and effective liquids used to immerse implements in. Be aware of the shelf life, contact time, load size, temperature and PH. An example of an active ingredient is 6% stabilized hydrogen peroxide.
Dry heat sterilizers are dependent on high temperature and duration of exposure.
Chemical autoclaves use a disinfectant in combination with heat, pressure, time and packaging.
Steam autoclaves use pressure in combination with heat and time to achieve sterilization; this method is dependent on temperature, pressure, duration of exposure, load size and implement packaging. Time/Temperature test strips must be monitored with every load of an autoclave.
Always follow the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations.
Always add the disinfectant solution to water, not water to the disinfectant.
Place in a covered container, not air tight.
All implements must be completely submersed in chemical disinfectants for the time specified on the product label.
Avoid skin contact by removing all implements with tongs, a basket or gloved hands.
Depending on the implement's intended use, air dry or rinse with sterile water and dry.
Change the solution daily or immediately following contamination.
Make up solutions in quantities adequate for what you require.
Always follow the manufacturer recommendations regarding mixing, dilution, contact time and implements.
Store all chemicals away from other supplies and equipment.
Store all chemicals in a cool and dry environment.
Do not store chemicals on the floor.
The floor must be easy to clean and disinfect (not carpet).
Do not store any chemicals near an electrical appliance, heat source, furnace or flame.
The storage area should have adequate ventilation.
Keep chemicals away from food and beverage areas, animals and children.
Store all chemicals in accordance with the product manufacturer.
Always follow the manufacturer’s recommendations regarding dilution, contact time and suggested implements.
Clearly label all containers.
Any individual who handles cleaners, disinfectants and chemicals must be properly trained and understand how to handle them.
It is also a good idea and may be required by your local health authority to have the material safety data sheet (MSDS) available for all chemicals used in a salon or spa. The MSDS contains information on cleaning up spills, precautions and how to address exposures to the chemical.
A client’s skin can be a source of infection since pathogens on the skin can enter the body when the skin is broken or pierced through a salon or spa service. Therefore, the skin must be properly disinfected before an invasive procedure or when there is a possibility of skin breakage. Antiseptics or sanitizers are chemical agents that kill or inactivate the growth of microorganisms and help prevent infection on the surface of the body and skin. Using a skin antiseptic such as alcohol 70% or greater, kills most common bacteria in less than 60 seconds.
A Cosmetologist may use an antiseptic to disinfect a client's skin prior to performing skincare, waxing, manicure, pedicure, and ear piercing or cosmetic tattooing services. Some examples of antiseptics which are safe for application to the skin are:
70% Isopropyl or Ethyl Alcohol
6% hydrogen peroxide
Iodine, which kills bacteria in 30 seconds
Store all cleaned, disinfected and sterilized implements in a clean, dry, air tight cleanable container. Another safe method is the use of a UV Sanitizer. This is a metal cabinet that uses ultraviolet rays to store implements that have been previously cleaned, disinfected or sterilized. A UV Sanitizer must only be used for safe storage of packaged implements. It is not intended to clean, disinfect or sterilize implements.
Sterilized implements must be kept in sterile packaging until point of use
Sterilized implements must be stored in a clean, dry container to avoid contamination or damage
Store implements and supplies away from debris, drains and moisture
Always remember to keep dirty implements completely separate from clean ones
When storing implements they must not touch each other or the walls of the container
Hand cleaning, including hand washing with soap and water or use of alcohol-based hand rubs, is the single most important procedure for preventing the spread of germs and removing harmful microorganisms from the hands. Hand cleaning is required before and after each service, after eating, before putting on gloves, after removing gloves, between different procedures on the same client, after touching your face or body, or immediately following contamination. Hand washing with soap and water is required if hands are visibly soiled. Liquid soap containers should be used until emptied, then discarded. Refilling these may present a risk of contamination of residual soap. Hand washing procedure:
remove hand and arm jewellery
wet your hands with warm (not hot) running water
add soap, rub hands together making a lather
wash for 20 to 30 seconds, paying attention to the front and back, fingertips, between fingers and under nails
rinse well under warm running water, using a rubbing motion
wipe and dry gently with a disposable paper towel
turn taps off using the paper towel
Alcohol-based hand rubs with 60-90% alcohol are very effective and can be used if a sink is not readily available. Procedure for using an alcohol based hand rub:
remove hand and arm jewellery
apply enough product to cover all areas of your hands
use a rubbing motion, paying attention to the front and back, fingertips, between fingers and under nails
rub hands for 20-30 seconds until the product has dried
Most alcohol based hand rubs contain emollients to prevent skin irritation and are less drying than soap and water. Regular use of a moisturizer is important to protect skin and keep hands and nails healthy.
A personal service worker should use personal protective equipment (or PPE) such as a lab coat, face mask and eye wear appropriate and necessary to the service being provided.
Wearing gloves acts as a barrier to protect you and your client from the spread of infectious agents.
Always thoroughly wash and dry your hands before putting gloves on and after removing them.
Change gloves frequently to avoid the spread of contaminants.
Change gloves between clients and as often as necessary through each service, especially if they become soiled with blood or body fluids.
Always be sure to keep your hands away from your face at all times.
If your hands are chapped or dry, the inflamed skin has tiny invisible cracks that may be portals of entry for pathogens.
If you have any sign of an infection, open wound, scratch or abrasion, a waterproof dressing is required, and gloves must be worn if contacting a client.
Be conscious of an allergy to latex by either you or the client. If so, refrain from the use of latex. Use latex free, vinyl gloves.
A lab coat, apron or smock should be used over clothing when there may be a risk of exposure to blood or body fluids or when using chemicals. Launder immediately following contamination.
Use a disposable face mask if you have a cough, cold, sore throat, pimple or macule on your face or if your client has a cold or chronic cough. A face mask must be used if a service requires close facial contact or when splashes of blood or body fluids may occur. Discard the face mask immediately following contamination and following the service.
Protective eye wear must be used if you are performing a service that may present a risk of splashing of blood or body fluids to the eye area. Change the eye wear immediately following contamination and clean and disinfect following the service.
Work Stations:
-all work stations must be smooth and made of non-porous material that can be easily cleaned
-all work stations should be within reach of a sink with hot and cold running water, liquid hand soap, a nail brush and disposable towels
Lighting at your work area:
-maintain good lighting in all areas of your salon or spa, it will also help facilitate efficient cleaning
Salon chairs and treatment beds:
-clean and disinfect immediately following each service
-use disposable sheets on treatment beds
Salon and spa flooring:
-carpeting not recommended
-sweep often and wash floors daily
-floors, walls and ceiling are to be made of easily cleanable material
Refuse disposal:
-lined with a plastic bag and disposed of regularly
-use a container with a foot release flip up lid
Air is an important source of infection, as some germs or microbes are spread through the air. Microorganisms in the air such as from coughing or sneezing, can settle on every surface such as equipment, linen, counter tops, floors and lighting. When these surfaces are disturbed, some microbes that have settled on them can be stirred up, become airborne and settle again on large flat surfaces such as treatment beds, work stations and skin. Proper ventilation and immediately removing settled microbes is a very important measure to prevent the spread of infection. Good air quality means good health and hygiene for all.
Insufficient ventilation can allow the circulation and transmission of allergens and pathogens through the air. A ventilation system filters and cleans the air by keeping the contamination in control by extracting these harmful microorganisms and allergens.
A personal service worker (PSW) must always wear protective gloves throughout the application of any chemical. Take caution if redness, irritation or swelling of your client's skin occurs due to a reaction. If this occurs, treat and care for the skin immediately by washing the area with soap and warm water.
Sinks & Hair Washing Stations
There must be a sufficient number of sinks available in convenient locations to accommodate such activities as regular hand washing, reprocessing of implements and hair washing.
In order to protect all water supplies from contamination or pollution, be sure to install a backflow prevention device.
Have this device tested annually by a certified backflow assembly tester. It is also very important to rinse sinks clean after each use. All sinks must be caleaned and disinfected daily, following the reprocessing of implements and immediately following contamination.
Public Restrooms
All restrooms must be in a convenient location and easily accessible to all clients and staff.
There must be a sufficient number of restrooms to accommodate the size of your personal service establishment (PSE).- You must provide single-use, disposable towels, liquid hand soap with a dispenser, and a clean, soft bristle nail brush.- All restrooms must be cleaned and disinfected daily or immediately following contamination.
Beverage Services
Serve them in disposable drinking cups to prevent the spread of germs.
Reusable cups, although not recommended, a mechanical dishwasher or a double wash sink is required. All reusable cups and utensils must be washed, rinsed, sanitized and air dried properly according to Health Regulations.
Serving specialty beverages such as lattes and cappuccinos the facility may require a sink and refrigerator at the beverage station.
A 'food and beverage' license and permit may be required from your local municipality and health department. Drinking, eating and smoking in areas where services are performed is prohibited.
Reception Area
- The reception area is often the first area of your establishment clients see; therefore give a good impression right from the start of their visit.
Clean, organized and free of clutter. Stay on top of removing dust and debris.
Surfaces that have high hand contact such as telephone receivers, counter tops, doorknobs, light switches and handles should be cleaned and disinfected daily to reducethe spread of germs.
A low level or intermediate level disinfectant is required in these areas.
Linen & Laundry Services
Once a towel or linen has touched or been used on a client it must be properly laundered.
To prevent contamination, keep soiled linen away from clean linen.
Store all soiled towels and linen in a covered container until laundered.
Be sure to launder regularly and never leave soiled linen overnight as mold may grow.
Salon & Spa Dispensary
- A salon and spa dispensary or storage area must be clean, dry, cool and uncluttered.
- Have a sufficient number of drawers, shelving and cabinets for safe storage of supplies, chemicals and equipment.
- Keep supplies off the floor to prevent contamination in case of sewer back up or flooding.
- Keep it organized and orderly by clearly marking the contents of all containers.
- Remove product from containers using pumps, squeeze bottles with dispenser caps or disposable spatulas.
- Label containers with product transferred from its original container.
- All chemical bottles and supplies should be well labelled.
- Store all products according to the manufacturer's instruction, especially away from heat and direct sunlight.
Information regarding your client's style, individual personality, lifestyle, health, skin care and hair conditions are all pertinent details when determining the appropriate service you should provide. At each client's consultation, discuss with them their home beauty regime. Interview your client regarding relevant medical information such as diabetes, allergies and skin disorders. Discuss skin sensitivity and medications relevant to the service. Emphasize the importance of client aftercare, providing clear oral and written instructions if necessary. Stay connected with your client by following up after a chemical service or invasive treatment to determine if an adverse reaction may have occurred. Be aware that client confidentiality and information must be protected at all times.
