Hypocrites

Hypocrites
I really liked this video because it made me put my iman to the test and helped me see if I was one
of the hypocrites described. This khutbah reminded me of many other videos I watched about the
believer's iman and heart. A scary thing said by Noman Khan was that the hypocrites thought that
they had iman. The hypocrites on the Day of Judgement will say that they were with the believers in
this world, they prayed with them and were friends with them. This could be anyone from the whole
Ummah which is quite alarming to me. I once watched a khutbah which basically talked about how
easy it is to sin in the twenty first century. It is so easy to do sin behind the closed door especially
sins that are done on technology. As Noman Khan said, the hypocrites kept putting themselves in
trials. A person who sins keeps putting themselves in trails because they know that they are ... Show
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He said that a man is walking in the jungle. While he is walking, he looks back and sees a lion
chasing him. The man runs until he reaches a well in which he jumps. The man manages to hold on
to a rope and he breathes a sigh of relief. He looks up sees the lion hovering over him, waiting for
him and he looks down and there is a large serpent with its mouth open waiting for him to fall. The
only support the man has is the rope and after a while he sees a white mouse and a black mouse set
upon the rope, nibbling it. In front of him he sees a honeycomb and the man sticks his finger in the
honey and places it on his tongue. The sweetness of the honey momentarily makes him forget about
the lion, serpent and the two mice. The lion is death, which always chasing you, the serpent is the
grave, which you will fall into, the rope is your life. The black mouse denotes the night and the
white mouse denotes the day which are always nibbling upon your life. The honey is the dunya, a
man tastes the sweetness of the dunya, he forgets about his grave and
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Precipitation Of Crystallisation
What precipitated the crystallisation of the Sunni and Shi'a sects?
Although the Sunni and Shi'a sects are both Islamic and share a basic understanding of the Prophet,
theological differences developed and precipitated the crystallisation of them as separate sects.
Undeniably the death of the Prophet Muhammad in 636 triggered the crystallisation, as from this
tragic event contrasting ideologies about Islamic empire rule developed. In understanding this
question to mean, what caused two very distinct entities to form out of a larger group through
increasing political polarisation, religion plays a central role. However, as daily life proved there
was great overlap between religion and politics in society. The sects crystallised by legitimising ...
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The Buyids did not claim to be Imams or descendants of the 'Alids, nonetheless they promoted the
importance of memory and 'Ali as successor. To ensure they didn't alienate the population, rather
than acting against the government, the Buyids allied with the caliph and cleverly manipulated him
into a figurehead. Around this time Shi'ites believed that the twelfth Imam disappeared, according to
Shi'ites authority resided with the Imam alone as a source of guidance for matters regarding religion
so this was an issue. Regarding the twelfth Imam as 'absent' or 'hidden' they lived with a messianic
belief that the Imam would appear as the Mahdi, the messiah, and redeem the ummah. The Imam
unified the people and empowered them to defend religious beliefs, thus whilst awaiting the Mahdi's
arrival a serious void existed. As a solution in the meantime, the Shi'ites accounted for this
disappearance and gulf of authority by formulating a unique role titled 'aim al–umara'. This was how
the Buyids acted in alliance with the caliph rather than instead of the caliph, continuing to impose
Shi'a authority and crystallise, without alienating the

Essay about Muslim Women in the Entertainment Industry
Muslim Women in the Entertainment Industry
Imagine a world immersed in beauty, wealth, gloss, and fame. I may be generalizing, but lets just
say it's a world in which you are born with a streaming talent that most individuals could only
dream of. You constantly have hordes of spectators cheering your success and everyone wants to be
your friend. The greatest fear of most women seems to be being hideous or lacking capacity and you
have no idea what that feels like. Seems spectacular, doesn't it? If you are a female actress or singer
in the North American region then you probably know it is your cluster that I am referring to. Of
course, what I talk about are only the optimistic and positive aspects of working in the acting or
music ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Taking part in movies that portray love scenes or god forbid, kissing, is horrifying and according to
the extremists in Islam, the women who indulge in these acts are no better than trash. It is true that
religious zealots are not the only ones who speak out about women in the entertainment industry,
but their voice is heard louder than anyone else's in the Muslim world. Their voices are so loud in
fact, that there is now an undeclared set boundary that female singers and actresses are expected to
respect and obediently stay within in the Islamic society. Things such as incorporating sexual moves
in a dance or being l?? lyrics in an album or track, depicting a sexually charged character a show, or
even displaying skin while dancing or performing are all extremely looked down upon by the
Islamic community. Although I am not endorsing all of these things (too much skin can get a bit
uncomfortable to watch), I am suggesting that these females are too restricted within their own
career by being told how to act and behave.
The intention of Islam is not to purposely discriminate against actresses and female singers. In fact,
its intentions are pure and honorable. The origin of dressing purely and conservatively on television
and in music came from the act of wearing the hijab, or the headscarf. Intended to shield women
from the wandering eyes of the evil–intentioned men, the act of wearing the scarf was initiated for
the betterment

Stereotypes In The Kite Runner
Donovan Medrano
October 3, 2014
Ethnic Literature – 4th Period
Mrs. Boesch/Mrs. Giessler
Islamic Stereotypes
Think of the Middle East, Afghanistan or Iran more specifically. If you were to travel there, what
would you expect to see? What would you expect the people to look like? Would you expect them
all to be wearing turbans and carrying weapons? If so, then you are thinking of a stereotype that is
portrayed by the media and movies. In fact, Middle Eastern people are not all terrorists, despite how
they may be depicted by media. On September 11, 2001, members of the al–Qaeda terrorist group
launched a coordinated attack against the US. This terrorist group at the time was based in
Afghanistan, so when the US counterattacked al–Qaeda, much of the conflict took place in
Afghanistan. For several years, the media followed the struggle, and over the years, it slowly began
to depict all Afghans as terrorists; they wear turbans, have long beards, bushy eyebrows, although
this was not the case. Afghanistan was not the only victim to this stereotype, other countries like
Iran and Pakistan, also suffered from this received idea ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Instead of protecting the Ummah by defending it, it's more as if they use offense to protect it. These
religious extremists, like al–Qaeda, use extraneous attacks to advocate their religion. The attacks on
9/11 are only one example of several attacks by Islamic zealots. A more current example would be
the group ISIS or ISIL (Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant), who are currently participating in an
extreme form of Jihad. They are a spinoff of al–Qaeda, and are currently trying to create an Islamic
state across areas of Iraq and Syria. These Islamic extremist groups are very much focused on
throughout the world, especially in the last decade. They have taken the spotlight away from the
citizens of their nations, and give the rest of the world a false impression of what Muslims are
actually

Unity of Muslim
Special Top position of the Islamic World Muslim world, with almost a billon and a half population,
and so many features of climate and geography, and natural and human resources, can establish a
great and united society. The pocket of Western colonialism is continuously getting filled from this
region for over two hundred years; whether in the colonial era, the neo–colonial era, or in modern
era, this zone has served the political goals of arrogant world, which America could be considered as
the top leader of them. If the Islamic nation obtains its unity, if Islamic power shows his true
meaning, if actual independency in this area is realized, the economical and political and cultural
dominance of the enemy will be stopped. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Unity and sympathy among followers of Islamic religions and avoiding sectarian and ethnic
differences should be most prominent slogans of the elites. Scientific endeavor, political liveliness,
cultural effort and mobilization of all forces in the main arenas should be on top of their efforts.
Islamic nations must be awake Islamic nations should awake and they should not consider the
enemy conspiracy as an insensible matter, and they should maintain their watchfulness. Today is the
day of unity and sympathy of the Islamic nations and governments. Here, I would like to warn our
nation, Iraqi nation, nation of Pakistan and other Muslim nations and ask them to suppress and
restrain religious differences and conflicts between Shiite and Sunni. Today I see that there are
plannings to making war between Shiite and Sunni. Killings and explosions that occur in mosques,
Hosainiehs, the congregational prayers and Friday prayers, indeed there is the evil hand of Zionism
and arrogant regimes in them. It is not done by Muslims. Today, In Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan
and also in all other countries, Muslims have a duty to pay attention to their

Annotated Bibliography Examples
Samuel P. Huntington, The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century (Norman:
University of Oklahoma Press, 1991), p. 9–12, 35. Joseph A. Schumpeter, Capitalism, Socialism and
Democracy (New York: Harper Perennial, 2008); Robert A. Dahl, Polyarchy: Participation and
Opposition (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1972). Some of them are Robert W. Hefner,
William Liddle, Saiful Mujani, Zachary Abuza, Louay Abdulbaki, Marco Bünte, Andreas Ufen, R.
Masdar Hilmy, Jeffrey A. Winters, Franz Magnis–Suseno, Edward Aspinall and Marcus Mietzner.
Douglas E. Ramage, "Indonesia: Democracy First, Good Governance Later," Southeast Asian
Affairs 2007:1 (2007), pp. 152. Bob S. Hadiwinata and Christoph Schuck, "Mapping Indonesia's
Way towards Democracy: In Search of a Theoretical Frame," in Bob S. Hadiwinata/Christoph
Schuck (Eds.), Democracy in Indonesia: The Challenge of Consolidation (Baden–Baden: Nomos–
Verlag, 2007), p. 18–19. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Hadiwinata/Christoph Schuck (Eds.), Democracy in Indonesia: The Challenge of Consolidation
(Baden–Baden: Nomos–Verlag, 2007), p. 46–47. Marcus Mietzner, "Indonesia and the Pitfalls of
Low–quality Democracy: A Case Study of the Gubernatorial Elections in North Sulawesi," in Marco
Bünte and Andreas Ufen (Eds.), Democratization in Post–Suharto Indonesia (London and New
York: Routledge, 2009), p.

The Iranian Revolution Was A Progressive Movement
Aadil Islam
Term Paper Outline
The Iranian Revolution was an uprising by the common people of Iran who were upset about the
doings of their Shah and his government. The Shah's treatment of his own people can be
characterized as unjust and cruel. After all, he severely limited the rights of groups whom he felt
threatened his power to rule. He opposed the political rights of religious Shiite groups, which
especially enraged Iranians, and led to the rise of Ayatollah Khomeini. The Ayatollah was a religious
leader who would overthrow the Shah and establish a proper Islamic State in the nation. Ever since,
the so called Islamic Revolution has raised concern over the dangers that Iran may pose to the
Western world. Nevertheless, the Iranian Revolution was a progressive movement that reflected the
major concerns of Iranians towards corruption in government, all with the intention of removing
injustices and enforcing rightful liberties and common needs.
Shi'ite Islam was, and still is, the prominent ideology for Iran's citizens, and its deep history
suggests how their government should be run differently from that of the Shah. Shi'ite Islam places
the legitimacy of power on the Imam, totally independent of state (Elwell–Sutton, 393). The
religious leader Ayatollah Khomeini should take charge of the country instead of the Shah because
Khomeini's authority would be based off of religion. Shi'ite thinking says that religious power (true
justice) will always be in conflict with the

The Spread Of Islam
Why was Islam becoming prevalent among people?
The spread of Islam was similar to the spread of a contagious disease. But, why were people finding
the religion so appealing? Cultural diffusion is a common process by which an idea or an object is
spread to different cultures. Islam did not spread through cultural diffusion alone, however. It also
spread because people were attracted to the appeal of its messages and benefits. More specifically,
Islam was becoming popular due to conquest, the location of Mecca, Allah's message and his
qualities, and the sense of security provided.
First, Islam spread rapidly because of conquest, or subjugation. The Islamic world under
Muhammad covered only a portion of the Arabian Peninsula (DOC C). Then, under ... Show more
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Islam's followers were very passionate about their faith and would even fight to the death to spread
the faith of Islam but forced religious conversion to Islam was not permitted. It was a caliph's duty
to keep a war going until they finally become Muslims or at least when they joined the Pact, an
agreement to continue practicing their own religion that was not Islam, as long as they paid a special
religious

The Spread Of Christianity And Christianity
The spread of Christianity began as a religion in the Imperial Roman Age. They taught that Christ
and Christianity ideology included the concept of equality in the afterlife. Some people believe that
the spread of Christianity had direct responsibility for the fall of the Empire, but truthfully, it was
more of a failing of Roman culture than the cause of the fall. The single god concept, known as
monotheism, wasn't new to the Romans, but it did initiate a change in philosophy where that one
god stood above the Emperor and Rome itself. Other cults had certain similarities, such as
Mithraism. Mithraism believed in the son of the sun who came to earth to rescue mankind.
Similarities such as this one, aided the growth of Christianity. The idea of Christianity of the early
Empire was not as pronounced and was limited. There were several schools of thought that
developed as the concept of Christ spread. Eventually, the Catholic Church brought uniformity to
the faith and established it as a public institution. The church established strict laws and religious
doctrines and also wiped out heretic and divergent thoughts. Early Christians faced scorn and
persecution. They were forced to blend in with their Pagan counterparts. In order to celebrate
holidays of their religion, they used pre–existing holidays and festivals to blend in. For example,
Christmas was originally part of the Great Festival of Winter Solstice. The most difficult challenge
was getting people to believe in a single

Jihad the True Meaning
The beauty of Jihad is hidden behind the supposed meaning which is "holy war" in actuality there is
so much more to jihad, it is a way in which Muslims can struggle and strive for our creator Allah
(swt). What makes me sad is the misinterpretation of the word; the media has made it look like a
militaristic concept when in reality it is to struggle in the name of Allah (swt) and Islam. Hopefully
reading this will help us better understand the word Jihad.
The types of Jihad maybe the key to actually understanding what Jihad is, there are four types of
Jihads. The first type of Jihad is to struggle against one's self and desire, the second is to struggle
against the temptations of Shaitan (Satan), the third is to struggle against the ... Show more content
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No individual or group can call Jihad since they are not speaking or representing the whole Muslim
ummah (people, followers). Another rule of Physical Jihad is that it is not obligatory for each
Muslim to go out and fight, only a few who are willing perform the physical Jihad, it is not forced
either only in some situations is it, There are three cases in which the rules of Jihad are bent and it is
an official Jihad and you must fight in it. The first is when you are present on the battlefield; it is
considered a major sin to withdraw without fighting, When a foreign land invades a Muslim country
only then is a official Jihad declared without a Khalifah, because it is considered self defense and
one must protect against the aggressors, the final case is when the Khalifah orders the ummah to
make a physical Jihad the prophet Muhammad (pbuh) says "...So if you are summoned to fight, go
forth" (Bukhari). Who must fight and become the Mujahideen? Every Adult Muslim male in the
Ummah who has a sound mind must fight; he also should be able to support himself and his family
while he fighting. Finally possibly a factor that separates Jihad from any other form of fighting is its
regulations. This

Sincere Advice For Those Who Support The Khilafah
SINCERE ADVICE TO THOSE WHO SUPPORT THE KHILAFAH
‫ﻟ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻤﺪ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻞ‬ ،‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﻦ‬ ‫رب‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‬‫)ﻳ‬ :‫ﺮﻳﻢ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ِﺬﻳﻦ‬‫ﱠ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ا‬‫ﻣ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﻮا‬‫ُﻨ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ْن‬‫ﺎء‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﺎﺳ‬‫َﻓ‬‫ﻖ‬ ‫َﻨﺒ‬‫ِﺑ‬‫ﺄ‬
‫َﺘﺒ‬‫َﻓ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﻮا‬‫ُﻨ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ُﺗ‬ ‫ْن‬‫ﻴﺒ‬‫ﻮ‬‫َﻗ‬ ‫ﻮا‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ِﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺔ‬‫َﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺼ‬‫َﻓُﺘ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ِﺒ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻮا‬‫َﻠ‬ ‫ﻣ‬‫ﻌ‬‫َﻓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻢ‬‫ُﺘ‬‫ْﻠ‬ ‫َﻧﺎِدﻣ‬‫ﻴﻦ‬ )6( .‫اﻟﺤﺠﺮات‬ ‫ﺳﻮرة‬
Praise be to Allah who says in His Holy Qur 'an: O you who believe! If a rebellious evil person
comes to you with a news, verify it, lest you harm people in ignorance, and afterwards you become
regretful to what you have done. Verse 6. chapter 49 (sūrat l–ḥujurāt).
‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻼم‬ ‫واﻟﺼﻼة‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ) :‫اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻞ‬ ،‫اﻷﻧﺎم‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻋ‬‫َﻠ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ِس‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻨ‬‫اﻟ‬‫َﻨﻮ‬‫ات‬ ‫ﱠاﻋ‬‫ﺪ‬‫َﺧ‬‫ﺎت‬ ‫ﻳ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﱠق‬‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻓ‬‫ﻴﻬ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ْﻟ‬‫ا‬‫ﺎِذب‬ ، ‫و‬‫ﻳ‬‫ب‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﺬ‬ ‫ﻓ‬‫ﻴﻬ‬‫اﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺎِدق‬ ‫و‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﻮ‬‫َﺗﻤ‬‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻓ‬‫ﻴﻬ‬‫َﺨﺎﺋ‬‫ْﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻦ‬ ‫و‬‫ﻳ‬‫َﺨﻮ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ُن‬‫ﻴﻬ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ا‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻴﻦ‬ ‫و‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﻄ‬‫ْﻨ‬‫ﻖ‬ ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
People will sell their religion for a small amount of worldly goods. The one who clings to his
religion on that day will be as one who is grasping an ember – or thorns. (Ahmad.) The Ummah is
divided and Muslims are confused on who is on the haq(truth). One of the salaf(predecessors) said
when asked which is the worst fitnah(tribulation), he replied ' 'the worst fitnah is, for you to be
presented with the haq(truthful) and baatil(false) and you fail to distinguish '.
FEAR ALLAH MUCH.
To begin with, I would like to advice my fellow brothers and sisters in Islam to fear Allah in secret
and openly, and strive to please Him, may He be exalted, avoid that which incurs His wrath, turn to
Him, put your trust in Him, seek
His help, and seek His pleasure by following the haq(truth) and supporting the religion.
Seek Knowledge and stick to the basic foundation of Islam:
Such times, where tribulations are enormous, one of the greatest things that can safe a Muslim and
affirm him to the right path, is having the knowledge of the Quran and The Sunnah and following
their guidance. Muslims who support the Khailafah are advised to relentlessly seek Islamic
knowledge especially the knowledge of the basic foundation of Islam such as

Islam 's Impact On Modern Day
Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) stated that a "re–newer or Islam will arise during every century" (This
part is a little bit unclear, you might have to define what "re–newer" is), Throughout the course of
history, many influential thinkers and intellects arose during several eras and have left a profound
impact on modern day (optional to add this if it sounds better) Islam. During the 5th Islamic century,
Imam Al Ghazali became one of the most influential thinkers in the history of Islam. Born in Persia,
Al– Ghazali lost the shadow of his father early in his life, as at a young age his father had passed
away. Al Ghazali's fathers' desire had always been for his sons to become scholars and pious people,
therefore he had left them in the hands of close friend that took responsibility of teaching them.
Ghazali underwent many years of education from several different "Imams" (You might have to
define what an imam is...in order to make it clearer), including Imam Al–Juwayni ( give a brief
description of what he was famous for?), through which he was able to join the school of Nizam Al
Mulk. After many years of studying and gaining immense knowledge, he was appointed as a teacher
of the Nizam school in which he began his teaching career. Al– Ghazali was able to master all of the
intellectual tools needed to..., along with mastering knowledge at young age; overall, he was
rhetoric in both Arabic and Persian. After spending many years teaching, he became obsessed about
himself(This part is a

Women 's Role Of A Muslim Woman
Women's Role in Islam
In the west, the common picture of a Muslim woman is the stereotype of a woman hidden behind a
veil, a voiceless, silent figure, stripped of rights. This picture of the Muslim woman is all too
familiar to us, in large part because this is how the western media portrays women in Islam. If this is
the picture of what most people think a Muslim woman is, what people think the roles of these
women are not any better. Many people would think the roles of these women include being a
shadow, as in they are to be seen and not heard. But is this really the role of these women or is that
just the tip of the ice berg.
The Islam religion stretches from many borders and inside those borders are many diverse cultures.
From the borders of Arabia to the coasts of Africa, from Bosnia to Indonesia, large groups of people
practice Islam. Islam is the number one growing religion in European and American countries. Even
though the perception of Islam is very strict, both of these nations have very diverse, distinct Islamic
practices. Islam is practiced in each nation according to those nations' characteristics. Making no
two cultures alike.
There are only two sources that push the misconception that women in Muslim societies are
oppressed. One comes from Muslims who may justify their oppression and mistreatment of women
on the basis of Islam. Another comes from Western propaganda whose goal is to take Islamic
teachings and want to depict Islamic civilization as

The Importance Of Religion In Islam
Throughout the history of the world, there have been three underlying motives: Politics, economics,
and religion. These factors continue to play an important role in the modern world, religion in
particular. Religion often unites individuals of every race, nationality, and ethnicity in a way politics
nor economics can imitate. The contemporary importance of religion lies in its strong development
of community. Community takes place in Islam in the form of the ummah. The ummah is "a
worldwide Muslim community" that is "united by a religious bond that transcends tribal, ethnic, and
national identities" (Esposito 16). Part of this bond is protecting their fellow Muslims, regardless of
gender, nationality, or race. As dictated in the Quran, "the believers, men and women, are protectors
of one another", and this is especially apparent during times of distress. For instance, after floods or
earthquakes in majority Muslim countries, the Muslim community bands together to send monetary
aid to the victims. In addition to protection, the ummah offers a sense of belonging. That feeling is
evident in Kristin Hahn's In the Search of Grace. Although she was raised secularly, Hahn's curiosity
about faith in America causes her to embrace a Muslim lifestyle during the month of Ramadan.
After wearing a head covering, or hijab, she is "amazed by how easily [her] sense of individual
identity had been usurped by a few strategically placed pieces of cloth" and how she "instantly
became part of a

Gender Roles In Persepolis
Women are often frowned upon in many societies. Although most do not, some societies make it
possible for women to be equal. When not equal, women are usually forced to do things beyond
their will. When women are free in a society and once the leader dies, who made them free, it will
often turn back to the way it was before that leader, leaving women unequal. Persepolis forced their
women into many things they didn't want to. Muhammad's vision of Islam is depicted different than
Persepolis on topics of gender equality.
After the empowerment of the Islamic Regime, the treatment of women turned tables in Iran. Before
the Regime, Iranian women were much like the average American woman during that time. They
were able to dress in modern clothes, associate with male counterparts, and have a role in society.
But most of this was drastically changed, especially the dress code. Around 1980, the women of Iran
were forced into the wearing of a veil. A veil is a piece of cloth used to cover the hair and part of the
face. Many women were against the veil and took to the streets to protest. After many protests, the
women were still forced to wear the veil. In the graphic novel Persepolis, Marji goes the store and
bought some modern clothes. She decided to wear them out to go buy tapes. In the last frame, Marji
is approached by two women wearing chadors: "They were the Guardians of the Revolution, the
women's branch. This group had been added in 1982, to arrest women who were improperly

Compare And Contrast The Spanish And Ottoman Empires
In pursuance of socially building both, the Spanish and Ottoman Empires, religion became a
tremendous factor. Because religion had such an influence when differentiating their populations,
the Spaniards and the Ottomans used it as a tactic to their advantage in order to begin shaping the
social aspects of their empires. In Spain, their one and only religion was Christianity. With that
being said, their population was to be assumed monotheistic. Moreover, Spaniards did not only
implement monotheism in their "mainland", but in other of their conquered territories. (Zgoda, 2)
On the other hand, the Ottomans social basis was broad in terms of religion, or in other words, they
tolerated any religion in order to find unity within their population,

Caliphate of Umar II
Umar Ibn 'Abdul Aziz
'Umar Ibn 'Abdul Aziz was born in the year 63 Hijrah. His father 'Abdul–Aziz was the appointed
Wali of Egypt and when 'Umar was young he sent him to AlMadinah to be raised in an Islamic
environment. So he went, memorised the
Qur 'aan at a young age and was educated by the foremost scholars from the Islamic
Ummah and from the great generation that followed the Sahaabah (rah). When his father passed
away the Ummayyad Khaleefah Abdul–Maalik called him to
Damascus and he was married to the Khaleefah 's daughter Faatimah bint Abdil
Maalik.
In the year 86 Hijrah he was appointed by Al–Waleed the son of Abdul–Malik as the Wali of Al–
Madinah and he ruled until the year 93 Hijrah. He was known for his justice ... Show more content
All kinds of oppression),
He admonishes you, that you may take heed." [An–Nahl, 16:90]
Until today this Aayah is recited in nearly every Khutbah that is given every week in all four
corners of the world.
A lot of the revenue that Banu Ummayyah would take from the subjects was from the Jizyah and
they abused this system by continuing to take it from those who accepted Islaam and they also made
little effort to spread the Islamic culture amongst the non–Muslim subjects or encourage them to
become Muslim. 'Umar changed this and made efforts to spread the Islamic culture amongst the
populace with the result that most of Egypt and Persia embraced Islam. His family complained that
this would lead to a fall in revenues. However, by applying the correct Sharee 'ah rules related to the
economy which encouraged trade and agriculture the Islamic state began to flourish. He also
enforced the collection of
Zakaah and its correct distribution according to the Sharee 'ah rules so that the true justice of Islaam
was felt by the entire Ummah. 'Umar was also strongly opposed to the idea of

Religion Reflection
Looking back at the beginning of class I realize now that my definition of religion was lacking. I
thought that it could be defined as the belief that actions have consequences, and it didn't matter if
those consequences were controlled by supernatural entities or some cosmic force, just that all
actions, good and bad, will have some type of consequence. I had supported this statement by
identifying several terms from Joyce Flueckiger's article from class. Specifically, I was looking at
terms from South Asia such as karma and samsara. Flueckiger elaborates on these terms by defining
karma as, "actions and its consequences" and samsara as, "The cycle of birth and rebirth based on
one's past actions" (Flueckiger, 2015). These terms explained ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
It seemed that whenever an action appeared to be religious, and I purposely say appeared because
one cannot be certain an action is religious if it occurred in the prehistoric era, the action was
building or maintaining some sort of relationship. These relationships were then complicated when
one of the individuals in the relationship died. However, this led me to expand my definition of
religion as I now knew I needed to include how religion effects relationships specifically between
the living and the dead. As such, my definition of religion expanded to the belief that actions have
consequences, that relationships cross the boundary of death, with supernatural forces and/or beings
controlling these relationships and handing down the consequences. While simultaneously allowing
those who follow that religion's creed, code, and cultus to find a meaning or meanings behind life.
This addition to my definition was supported by two authors Thomas Tweed and Joyce Flueckiger.
First, looking at Tweed, he made me realize that in my definition of religion I failed to account for
the sociality of humans. Tweed defines religion as, "confluences of organic–cultural flows that
intensify joy and confront suffering by drawing on human and suprahuman forces to make homes
and cross boundaries" (Tweed, 2006). This definition made me realize that human relationships are
extremely complicated to begin with, and then an event like death only complicates

Essay on Islam in the American Soil
Islam in America
The mention of the word Islam in the American soils evokes mixed reactions, especially after the
September 11 attacks that left the American security agencies at the edge of confusion. Islam is
equated to terrorism by most none Islam Americans. This is the general notion that was left in the
minds of many westerners. Though not all Muslims who are terrorists, the people who are normally
perpetuating in terrorist's attacks purport to profess Muslim faith and often they are heard chanting
"Allah Kubar" messages implying God is great after every attack. To the east, where Islam is well
rooted, the case is very different in the sense that perpetuators of this act are regarded as heroes who
were just conforming to the teachings ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Quran is believed to have been given to Prophet Mohammed and nobody dares think the
implications of the verses there in, but rather applies them at a literal meaning. Some of the aspects
that bring a clash include obsession with the dress code and use of community language even on
international platforms. Though not directly evident, it is felt that this kind of conservatism is an
implication that irrespective of the country where Muslim find themselves, their loyalty is
subscribed to ummah as demanded by the Quran. This is even why a staunch Muslim prays
wherever he is facing Mecca. This is interpreted as total allegiance to ummah. Since time
immemorial, incompatible values and interests between America and Islam make the two parties to
continue pursuing struggle for power and world control. The introduction of the new world order
was a big defeat for Islam and this is the main reason why America and the entire west is an enemy
to the Islam faith. Islam condones democracy and rather advocate for application of Sharia Law in
governance of the subjects found within the jurisdiction where this is found. There are no checks
and balances to such a system.
In conclusion, the Islam and America have a long history and there seems to be no way the
ideologies from both sides will converge. This is because the two parties are interested on the same
thing which cannot be split

The Mystical School Of Islam
ABSTRACT
The word Sufi is from the Arabic word 'soof ' which means wool. These Sufis have a habit of
wearing thick, coarse wool. They think by wearing harsh clothing, it is piety. From Sufi, you get
tassawwuf; this word is a bid 'ah, as it is neither in Quran or Sunnah. The words Sufi and tassawwuf
are not in the Quran or the Sunnah. Allah (SWT) used tazkia (purification).
There are disagreements regarding the origin of this belief among scholars. Some say that Sufism is
the mystical school of Islam and had its beginnings in the first centuries following the life of the
Prophet Mohammad and others say that they are traced back to the pre–Islamic roots of Sufism
through the early Christian mystics of Syria and Egypt, to the Essenes, the ancient Pythagorean
orders, and the mystery schools of the Egyptians and Zoroastrians, among others. [2]
Keywords; Sufism, Tawassuf, Tazkia, Dhikir, Wahdat al Wajood, Tariqa
INTRODUCTION
What is Sufism?
Sufism is a Muslim movement who seek to discover divine truth and love through encounters with
God directly [3]. The rejection of worldly matters such as celibacy and poverty is a major trait of the
Sufism. It developed religious practices aiming at strict self–control that enable psychological and
mystical insights as well as a loss of self, with the ultimate purpose of mystical union with God. The
Sufi movement has various forms of orders. Leaders of these orders train and assist disciples in the
mastery of Sufism 's

The Prophet Of God And The Islamic View
The prophet of God and in the Islamic view, the last messenger of God, was born in 570 CE in
Mecca. Before he was a prophet, Muhammad (PBUH) was an honest and trustworthy man, whom
all of Mecca adored. He was an orphan at six years old and at eight years old; he was under the
protection of his uncle, Abu Talib. As the years went on, more prophetic signs occurred to
Muhammad. These signs continued all the way up to 610 CE where the angel Gabriel visited
Muhammad in the Cave of Hira and gave him the first revelation. Muhammad's primary mission
was to revive back the monotheistic faith of the Abrahamic prophets to Arabia and all of mankind.
His early followers were his close family and friends, as the tribe of Quraysh would persecute him
and his followers. Due to the persecution, in 622 CE, Muhammad migrated to Yathrib (later called
Medina) as a mediator for the warring tribes. From there, he to was seen as the commander of the
city. Prophet Muhammad created and used the constitution of Medina to make the city a legitimate
state with him being in control. He did this by creating an Ummah through the constitution, creating
a sociopolitical environment, and creating laws to defend themselves from any enemy. Prophet
Muhammad created the constitution of Medina to make the city a legitimate state with him being in
control by creating an Ummah through the set of laws written. The mission that was given to
Muhammad was to deliver the message of Islam to all of humanity. However, he

The Religion of Islam Essay
"Islam" is derived from the Arabic root salaama meaning peace, purity, submission and obedience.
Islam stands for making peace by submitting to the will of God and obeying His law. Jews and
Christians view Islam as the latest of the world's great religions. However, worldwide Muslims
(sometimes written "Moslems") understand their universal religion as the "final religion" and the
"primal religion."
As "final," Islam is God's final revelation of prophetic religion, in fulfillment of all that had
preceded. Moses was given the Law; David was given the Psalms; Jesus was given the Gospel.
Judaism offers God's message of justice, and Christianity proclaims the love of God. To Mohammed
(570–632 A.D.; spelled in a variety of ways) the God of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For the one billion or more Muslims (about six million in the United States), who are of many racial
and ethnic backgrounds –– Arabs being a minority –– Islam is the middle way between Judaism and
Christianity; it restores the unity of the children of Abraham and overcomes the limitations of
Judaism and Christianity. Jesus, the prophet to "the lost sheep of Israel," limits Christianity; Judaism
is similarly limited. Islam proclaims a practical synthesis of Judaism and Christianity for all
humanity.
Overcoming the incompleteness of the justice of Judaism and the idealistic love of Christianity,
Islam brings to fulfillment all that Judaism and Christianity anticipated. For the Muslim believer,
Islam is perfected Judaism and perfected Christianity.
As "primal," Islam is the authentic religion of Adam, of Abraham, and of human nature. Islam is not
younger than Judaism and Christianity; it preceded both. Not only is it the religion of the "Spoken
Book" (the Qur'an), it is as well the religion of the "Created Book" (the fabric of the universe itself).
According to the Muslim faith, every person is born a Muslim, and distortions of one's environment
lead a person astray to become a Christian, a Jew, or an unbeliever. To be human means to be
Muslim.
Beliefs
The doctrines underlying Islam include
1. belief in the God of Abraham,

Islam and Democracy
Throughout the twentieth century and continuing into the twenty–first, a leading question arose
regarding Islam and its traditions. This question asked whether Islam can be compatible with
democracy. Seemed as a simple question, such an inquiry requires an in–depth look at the matter at
hand. When one asks whether Islam is compatible with democracy, one needs to analyze the
definition of democracy. According to Webster's Dictionary, democracy is "a form of government in
which supreme power is vested in the people and exercised directly by them or their elected agents
under a free electoral system." Such is the definition that mainly pertains to western democracy and
western thought. What many tend to forget is that democracy should not be ... Show more content
Secondly; freedom, equality before the law, equity in the treatment of citizens are essential Islamic
values. Consequently, the ideals of democracy lie in the same notion of ideals and values. Such
comparison strengthens the notion that Islam and democracy have quite similar means. Furthermore,
according to Islam in Transition,
Rulers are accountable to the community and are responsible for looking after its affairs. This
responsibility was endorsed, in action, but the Prophet himself. No ruler succeeding the Prophet has
the right to claim immunity that the Prophet himself did not enjoy (Esposito 284)
Such a statement is critical in understanding why Islam is compatible with democracy due to the
important reason that contemporary democracy is mainly focused on accountability of modern day
leaders. With the concept of accountability present in early Islam, it is hard to refute the reasoning
that democracy does not correspond with Islam. Iran's former President Mohammad Khatami
generalized the role of Islam with democracy in quite an ingenious way. President Khatami
suggested that, "today world democracies are suffering from a major vacuum, which is the vacuum
of spirituality, and that Islam, can provide the framework for combining democracy with spirituality
and religious government ." It is arguably understandable that Islam is a religion that focuses on
peace

Why Did Islam Spread So Quickly
What is the first thing you think about when you think of Islam? Possibly terrorism, radical Islam,
or the clothes they wear. Well, Islam is much much more than those things and it is actually and a
very peaceful religion. Islam started back in the early 7th century by a man named Muhammad.
Islam believes in one god to praise and glorify that god, also to only worship the one god and to
safeguard human welfare and oppose corruption and evil. They worship 5 pillars which are belief,
worship, fasting, almsgiving, and pilgrimage. There are an estimated 1.2 billion muslims worldwide.
Islam has spread very quickly through the world and it amazing to see how it has evaluated and
became very popular. The question is though why did it spread so quickly,

Contributions Of Prominent Women 's Islam
Zeena Housini 12B March 21, 2017
Contributions of Prominent Women in Islam
In today's world, Islam is misrepresented in almost every way and aspect. A major topic which is
discussed many times is the role of women and how Islam views and treats women. In Islam,
women are put on pedestals and given the utmost respect they deserve and in fact are given rights
women in pre–Islamic times were not granted. These rights helped form some of the greatest, most
courageous prominent women of our times. Islam has some of the most historically wise teachers,
doctors, and leaders, a good number of which happen to be female. It is important to discuss the
contributions of such females and to be educated on their success as it all ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
It is apparent that Zaynub had heavily made an impact on the people around in order for her to gain
the nickname of being, "Mother of the Poor". She was very kind and generous to the poor people
around her and although anyone could act like so, it is apparent that she went out of her way to help
the poor. Her actions towards the poor show a role model manner in which they are to be treated.
This contribution shows us, and future Muslims to come, how to humble ourselves and treat
everyone we meet with basic human rights. Also, it exhibits the example of being kind and generous
to those you met, whether they are rich or poor.
So far, a prominent female Muslim teacher and a notable citizen have been covered; it is now time
to cover an example of a prominent Muslimah leader. Asma bint Shihab Al–Sulayyhiya was the
Queen of Yemen from 437–460 (AH) and ruled belong side her husband, King Ali bin Muhammad
Al–Sulayhi. Asma is the perfect example of a strong and independent female political leader. She
was known to make decisions and have a say in things that would happen during meetings and had
an active role in state affairs. Also, Asma practically mentored the future Queen Arwa and taught her
how to prepare for her future. Her presence in Islamic history encourages others to persist and
showed many how to be an independent, knowledgeable, and wise leader.
Just as there were prominent figures in the past during the reveal of Islam, there are also many
courageous Muslimahs

Differences And Characteristics Of The French And Ottoman...
The French and Ottoman Empires were both similar and dissimilar. Using Fukuyama's three
categories of institutions one can compare and contrast the shared characteristics of the two empires.
Fukuyama argues that a modern liberal democracy needs a state, rule of law and accountability. A
state is a centralized authority that holds military power on a selected territory. It is the armed forces
that keep a nation safe on a domestic and foreign level. On the other hand, the rule of law came
about through written legislation. Thus, written rules, organize power in a system no matter who is
in power. This implies that a modern democracy must have legal institutions that are superior to a
ruler, the army and bureaucracy. Finally, political accountability comes through accountable bodies
like parliament's and assemblies that represent the people. In the end, Fukuyama claims democracy
is truly born when laws reflecting the people's desires are stronger than individual rulers and
elections are held. The Ottoman Empire had many victories until its slow decline at the end of the
16th century. Constantinople, the Byzantine capital falls to the Turks in 1453. In 1526, the Ottomans
conquered Hungry in the Battle of Mohacs, but were pushed back in 1529 at Vienna. The Ottoman
empire relied on a system of military slavery. Within the Ottoman military, the Muslims were
officers, and those who did not share the state religion made up the backbone of the military.

Thesis: In His Book, No God But God, Reza Aslan Recounts
Thesis: In his book, No god but God, Reza Aslan recounts the history and teachings of Islam in
order to deconstruct the barriers within interreligious comprehension. Within the Arabian desert
rests the town of Mecca which houses the Ka'ba, the pantheon site where the all the pagan Arab
pilgrims converged to worship their tribal deities. Although no one knows who built the square,
roofless structure, or when it was set up, the Ka'ba became the center of the religious life in pre–
Islamic Arabia, the sixth century Anno Domini (AD), is characterized as a time of complex beliefs
of no universalism or moral absolutism, neo–animism (providing a host of intermediary deities
between the creator god and his creation), and henotheism (belief in a ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
While Muhammad was regarded as an honorable and trustworthy man in the community, he
remained unmarried and without any capital or business of his own for twenty five years. After
succeeding at almost doubling the expected profit for a caravan, Muhammad was awarded a
proposal of marriage from the rich forty–year old widow named Khadija. Although this marriage
elevated Muhammad to the upper echelon of society, he felt conflicted by his dual status in society:
his renowned reputation and tahannuth (self justification), which led to his seeking of solitude. In
610 AD, Muhammad received his first revelation from Allah, and while he feared madness and
contemplated suicide, Muhammad was granted a second revelation from Allah, declaring his sanity
and Prophethood. Muhammad thusly began to preach about social reform and the demise of tribal
ethic.
In 613 AD, Muhammad's message transitioned into a shahadah: the twofold profession of faith
claiming that there is no god but God and Muhammad is God's Messenger. Although religious
proclamation was not new to Mecca, Muhammad's claim to being unequal from others and attack on
the uselessness of the Ka'ba set him apart from previous prophets. Additionally, this message
targeted Muhammad for persecution from the Quraysh, who did not want their religio–system
upturned. Despite some persecution and a boycott on trading with

Iran 's Political Regime : Iran
Iran's Political Regime When many people think of the Iranian government they automatically
assume that it is a dictatorship. On paper, Iran's government vaguely resembles a semi–presidential
system with the Supreme Leader acting as the head of government and the President acting as the
head of state. However, the large part that religion plays in Iran's government in both an official and
unofficial manner leads to the government resembling a theocracy in many aspects. While Iran's
government system is unique unto itself, it could best be described as a semi–presidential theocracy
due to the distribution of power within the government and religion's major role in government
(O'Neil, Fields, Share, 522–523). While the Iranian government has tried to modernize its economy
by pursuing an export oriented model its efforts has been stymied by trade sanctions from major
foreign powers and the United Nations in response to various aggressive acts on the part of Iran that
have only recently been lifted. As a result Iran has had little time to see the effects of modernization.
The Iranian Government may appear to be an authoritarian regime with the Supreme Leader at its
head but in actuality, power is divided in many ways. The Supreme Leader of Iran holds appoints
the president, chief justice and the guardian council. Through the guardian council, the Supreme
Leader is able to indirectly select which candidates are allowed to be elected to the Presidency,
Parliament and Assembly of

Jihad : Islamic Tradition And Theology
This paper examines the concept of jihad in Islamic tradition and theology, the study unveils the
logical and hermeneutical presuppositions of Islam in upholding the doctrine of jihad in the 21st
century. As a universalistic religion with the ultimate aim of converting the entire world and
eliminating other religions, Islam uses jihad as the last option either in self– defence, or territorial
expansion. Jihad may mean self–purification in theory, but for political Islam, it is a strategy to
defeat the enemies of Islam through full armed confrontation. While some people are defending
Islam as a religion of peace, global political Islam has adopted jihad as a platform for military
confrontation with the enemies of Islam. The international ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The international community is facing a tough time in combating the militant agenda of political
Islam.
Keywords: jihad, religion, Islam, territorial expansion, political Islam, warfare in Islam
1 Introduction
'Islam ' is derived from the Arabic word aslam, which means submission, surrender, resignation and
committing of oneself to the cause of Allah (Cowan, 1968: 424, 426). Another Arabic word that is
the root word of aslam is salam, which is interpreted as safety, immunity, freedom, soundness, well
being, peacefulness, salutation or imperfection (Lane, 1978: 1415). The social and spiritual goal of
Islam involves the attainment of peace through absolute submission to the will of Allah. A. R. I. Doi
writes: "Islam means absolute submission to the creator and Lord. A Muslim is a believer whose
faith (Iman) is firm in him and believes in the absolute unity of God who watches all his activities.
The entire message of Islam, therefore, is based on two fundamentals; faith (Iman) and right doing
(Ihsan) " (1981: 44).
A Muslim is not an ordinary citizen in any society. As a bearer and reservoir of peace, a faithful
Muslim is called khalifat Allah (vice–gerent of Allah). As ambassador of Allah on earth, Muslims
have a duty to promote peaceful co–existence in all human societies. Abul 'ala Maududi writes:
"The moral

Spread Of Islam Dbq Essay
Mecca was known as a trading city, for its camel caravans that would constantly visit, and an
important religious shrine known as the Ka'ba which was economically beneficial since traders
would pay to visit it and its other idols. Islam would begin with the teachings of Muhammad:
monotheism, support for the weak and the poor, and that Muhammad was allah's prophet.
Muhammad would be unaccepted by the people of Mecca because his teachings threatened their
economy and he wanted to eliminate idol worship. Muhammad fled to Medina and began to create a
following known as the Ulma and later developed into a political leader. Eventually, Muhammad
would return and conquer the city of Mecca, establishing Islam and destroying everything but the
Ka'ba. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As seen in Document D, Islam would prevent Muslims from attacking other Muslims which lead to
an increase in ghazu raids against non–Muslims. As Muslims attacked the already weak Byzantine
and Persian Empires, they would spare people's lives. They would take their food and clothing but
allow them to continue living. This deviation from the normal procedure of killing those whom you
stole from allowed for people to join the religion in order to avoid future attacks. Document F
presents a retelling of the Battle of Yarmuk between the Byzantines and the Muslims. It explains
how the Hims, non–Muslims from Syria, joined the Muslims because Islam offered an escape from
the oppressive Byzantine government. Islam united various cultures under one political and
religious

Prominent Women Of Islam. Women Have A Great Influence
Prominent Women of Islam Women have a great influence on the religion of Islam and how it is
seen both nowadays and in the past. We are lucky to have prominent women such as Ayesha bint
Abu Bakr, Khadijah bint Khuwaylid, Umm Salamah bint Abu Umayyah, Linda Sarsour, and Yasmin
Mogahed. These women have strived for excellence and are some of the most outgoing people of
our ummah. Ayesha bint Abu Bakr is one of the most prominent women of Islam. Amr ibn Aas
thought he was the most beloved person to the prophet (saw) so he asked the prophet and the
prophet said the most beloved person to the him is Ayesha bint Abu Bakr. When we look at the life
of Ayesha we truly do see a special woman and this woman excelled in so many ways there was a ...
Ayesha (RA) became jealous of Khadija and asked the prophet why he missed her if Allah had
blessed him with a better and younger wife. This made him angry and he said I have not been
blessed with a better wife. He said that Khadijah had faith in him when his own family turned
against him. She accepted Islam and used all her worldly goods to help spread the message of Islam.
And it is from her that Allah blessed the prophet (saw) with children. Khadijah helped contribute to
the ummah by showing us that we should always stand strong for what we believe and always
support those who really need it. Umm Salamah bint Abu Umayyah was a very wise and she was
very well educated. She was really devoted to helping the poor and needy people of the community.
Umm Salamah also had the distinction of taking part in many battles of significance in the history of
Islam. She was with the prophet (saw) during the battles of Ta'if, Bani Mustalaq, Hunain, Khaibar,
and the conquest of Makkah. She was also present at the signing of the historic treaty of
Hudaybiyah. Umm Salamah was very educated in religious matters. She knew three hundred and
eighty–seven ahadith of Muhammad (Saw) by heart. Abdullah bin Abbas used to consult with her
for the many points of sharia. She knew very well the finer points of Islamic law about foster
relations through suckling and divorce. Linda Sarsour is a civil rights and racial justice activist. She
goes out and fights for her well–deserved

DBQ The Reasons For The Spread Of Islam
Reasons for the Spread of Islam Throughout time, Islam has come to be known as a great empire
that rules from the Middle East and stretches across North Africa into Europe. The religion of Islam
started off in 610 CE, when a merchant trader from Mecca, made a visit to a nearby cave called
Mount Hira. The merchant trader was named, Muhammad Ibn Abdullah, according to him "it was
on this visit to Mt.Hira that the archangel Gabriel squeezd him hard and cause the word to flow out,
the words said that Allah wa the one god," [Background Essay]. As years when on Muhammad
preached the word of Allah and about the importance of charity. He first started preaching in a town
called Medina and worked his way back to Mecca. Islam spread quickly through ... Show more
According to the map, Great Ages of Man: Early Islam, it shows how trade impacted the religion of
Islam's way of life and how it helped spread their culture, [Document A]. The map shows land and
sea trade route, in 570, that were used to trade across the Byzantine and Persian empires. Another
example is that, according to Desmond Stewart, "Vast camel trains, bearing spices, perfumes...
ivory, silk, filled though the town headed north on the way from Yemen... to the markets of Syria
and headed east from the Red sea across the desert to Iraq," [Document A]. Trading was an easy and
resourceful way to preach and inform people about Islam. Since, they traded with a wide variety of
places they were able to spread the words of Allah to many time of people. Lastly, according to the
map, The Spread of Islam, it displayed how and where Islam developed and grew over time. With
more land and territory, Islam could have had an easier access to other good and merchandise from
other cultures and civilizations. With more territory, Islam is able to preach about the idea of Allah
and the importance of giving to charity to more of a variety of people. Trading became an important
reason for Islam spreading so

Contemporary Issue in Eastern Religions
Running head: CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN EASTERN RELIGIONS
There are over one billion people from different types of races, nationalities and cultures across the
globe, ranging from the southern Philippines to Nigeria they are united by their common Islamic
faith. A small group live in the Arab the world and the world 's largest Muslim community is in
Indonesia, where substantial parts of Asia and most of Africa are Muslim, while significant
minorities are to be found in the Soviet Union, China, North and South America, and Europe
Muslims believe in One, Unique, Incomparable God. Also, that the Angels were created by Him in
the prophets through whom his revelations were brought to mankind. On the Day of Judgment each
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The intellectual centre of Islam is Al–Azhar in Cairo. The ideas and attitudes taught here are spread
throughout the ummah, particularly through the population centers of Islam: Indonesia, Pakistan,
Bangladesh, India and Malaysia. The relative power of the different centers is shifting. Over time
the claims on and against the heartland from and by the peripheral Muslim communities will
exacerbate the tensions already present. The conservative centre will be under greater pressure from
the more vigorous, prolific and liberal Muslim societies on the periphery. "Despite the increased
prominence of Islam, its history remains obscured by the focus on its role in current events. Through
the actions of its radical elements, many Muslims feel the tenants of the faith have been distorted
(Aslan, 2005, p. 1)."
Trying to live successfully in the modern world, being independent and according to Islamic
principles, Muslim countries have been talking about a great deal the significance of the role of
education and the importance of mastering Western science and Technology. Already in the 19th
century, certain Muslim countries such as Egypt, Ottoman Turkey and Persia established institutions
of higher learning where the modern sciences and especially medicine were taught. All educational
institutions of all levels throughout the Islamic world

How Did Nasr Write An Introduction To The History Of Islam...
Seyyed Hossien Nasr. Islam: Religion, History and Civilization. HarperCollins, 2009. 186 pages.
$10.39. E–book. ISBN: 0060507144 Seyyed Hossein Nasr was born in Tehran, Iran. He graduated
from the Massachusetts Institute of technology and Harvard University. Since 1984, he has been
university professor of Islamic studies at George Washington University. He also a well–known
intellectual figure in the Muslim world.
The book Islam: Religion, history, and Civilization, Nasr provided a clear introduction to the
religion of Islam and its history. He pointed out the intellectual aspects of Islam. He begins by
depicting the popularity of Islam in fourteen centuries ago. In its history, Islam has totally
transformed people lives. People who were ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Islam handles the legal, ethical, and social aspects of mankind. The Shari'ah is the way, the God
wants human–being to live the life to earn the paradise. "The Shari'ah divides all acts into five
categories: those that are obligatory (wājib); those that are recommended (mandūb); acts toward
which the Divine Law is indifferent (mubā); acts that are reprehensible or abominable (makrūh);
and those that are forbidden (harām)."(Islam 77) The Shari'ah can be found in Quran, Hadith, and
Sunnah. The second section, "The Spiritual Path: The Sufi Orders and the Doctrinal and Practical
Teachings of Sufism", he discussed Sufism. Sufism is about the remembrance and mentioning of
Allah. The life of Sufi is based on the life of prophet. Sufis try to live life like prophet did. After that
he talked about the history of Sufism. The third section," Islam, Iman, Isān", he defined Islam, Iman,
and Isan. "The first means "surrender," the second, "faith," and the third, "virtue" or "beauty."(Islam
87) he described this as hierarchical structure. Those who have strong faith in Allah, are called
mu'min. Nasr gave an example of Gabriel. Once Gabriel came Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and
asked him. What is Islam, Iman, and Isan? Nasr concluded by pointing out the importance of these
special

The Muslim Understanding Of Da ' Wah
Outline the Muslim understanding of Da 'wah and how it is conducted? Evaluate different
contemporary approaches.
What is Da 'wah?
The Arabic term Da 'wah is generally used to denote a form of teaching/preaching within the
religion of Islam. In literal terms Da 'wah is translated to 'making an invitation. ' For a Muslim this
would indicate a form of a summoning to knowledge or the religion itself. In some cases da 'wah
can be referred to as 'missionary activity. ' (Poston, 1992, Page 4) Nevertheless, the majority of
Muslims would not accept the title of da'wah as missionary activity as this is generally a term that is
associated with other religions, more specifically Christianity.
Abu Ammar, author of 'Principles of Da'wah ' states that: 'Da 'wah has two dimensions: external and
internal. External da 'wah is to invite non–Muslims to Islam and teach them about Islamic beliefs
and practices. Internal da 'wah is to teach Muslims about aspects of Islam. ' (Ammar, 2001)
The concept on internal da 'wah is also referred to as 'Islaah. ' This is where one identifies areas of
themselves that need, in a sense, repaired or rectified. Dr. Zakir Naik, a famous Islamic Scholar, in
the guide written by (Al–Kindy, no date, Page 46) states that there is a difference between Islaah and
da 'wah. He argues that: 'Usually people use the word 'Da 'wah ' for the act of conveying the
message of Islam, without differentiating whether the person being addressed is a Muslim or a Non–
Muslim.

The Adventures Of Ibn Battuta-Unity And Diversity Of...
Unity and Diversity of Islamic Civilization
Set in the Fourteenth century in different regions of Africa and Asia, The Adventures of Ibn Battuta
presents a precise representation of Ibn Battuta's rihla , exemplifying a clear distinction between the
different countries and regions he visited. Ibn Battuta began his journey by setting off from his
home Tangier, Morocco to Mecca. "I braced my resolution to quit all my dear ones, female and
male, and forsook my home as birds forsake their nests" (Dunn 69), as the much older Ibn Battuta
wrote in his book of travels. During his travels by foot, donkey, camel and boat Ibn Battuta had
visited almost all of the known Islamic world and more to pursue his ambition for knowledge and
experience. This ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ross Dunn describes Ibn Battuta's final stage of this journey as he must enter into a state of
holiness, called ihram . "Here male pilgrims took off their traveling clothes, washed themselves,
prayed, and finally donned the special garment, also called ihram" (Dunn 115). Everyone who was
performing hajj on that day were also wearing their ihram, symbolizing the equality of all the men
before God. As Ibn Battuta's travels continue he is supported many times by the helping hand of
Muslims and Muslim rulers. For example, early in his travels Ibn Battuta arrived at Constantine
which was the largest city in the interior of the Eastern Maghrib, although he did not stay there for
long. He has little memory about this journey, except one memorable fact, that he made the
acquaintance of the Governor of the city of Constantine, "the governor presented him with a gift of
alms, the first of many presents he would receive from kings and governors during the course of his
travels" (Dunn 74). Sharing one's material wealth with an adventurer was one of the five sacred
pillars of Islam . During Ibn Battuta's next several years he didn't not have to worry about his
welfare because of the pious individuals who were moved to perform these acts of kindness.
Even though the Muslims population made up most of the Dar al–Islam, and while the fundamental
practices of Islam where reflected by the people's values and

Karen Armstrong The Rise Of Islam
Islam is a very misunderstood religion by many Americans, and wanting to understand it better was
why I chose Islam: A Short History to read this summer. It is written by Karen Armstrong, a
religious scholar, and aims to condense 1400 years of Islam's history into a short book. I wanted to
learn about how the religion began and grew, and what the values and beliefs of Islam are and were.
In 612, Islam began when the Prophet Muhammad began to preach to his friends and family in
Mecca about what revelations he and his wife believed to be from God. As word spread and people
converted, he and his followers gained friends and enemies and the ummah, community, became its
own being that had a strong sense of unity. Muhammad established the religion, ... Show more
The focus stays on predominantly Islamic societies, usually in southern Europe and Asia. One
historical event included is, of course, the birth of a religion. Muhammad began to gain converts,
many of them poorer members of the clans in Mecca, who agreed with his ideas of creating a
society where everyone could prosper, as God would want. "Religious ideas and practices take root
not because they are promoted by forceful theologians, nor because they can be shown to have a
sound historical or rational basis, but because they are found in practice to give the faithful a sense
of sacred transcendence" (p. 61). These people did not convert because they were forced, they
converted because what Muhammad was saying things that spoke to them. They agreed with what
ideas Christianity and Judaism had already taught about God, and wanted to revive the faith of the
people in their area. Although Muhammad and his followers had enemies and sometimes had to use
force, religious matters were not the motivation, as the Quran says "there should be no coercion in
matters of faith" (p. 10). There were even Jewish and pagan people living in Medina as part of the
ummah after they were forced out of Mecca. The beginning of a religion and its close–knit society is
not the only historical event covered by the Short History. The Crusades in 1099 impacted Muslims
greatly, as one of their holy cities was massacred. Many other events in history impacted them, as
they have been around for over 1400

Muslim Islamic Beliefs: The Spread Of Islam
Muslims Islamic beliefs were one of the reasons it spread quickly, most of these beliefs come from
the Qur'an, which is a book with writings that came from god(Allah) through the prophet
Muhammad. Allah became catalyst to Arabia and changed the beliefs of their many gods which
gave order to Muslims making order. The Qur'an helped give order to the Muslims by giving them
expectations from Allah like 33:35, which states if you are believe in god he will "bestow
forgiveness rich recompense." then making them keep peace to one another unless somebody started
attacking you then "God has power to grant them victory."(verse 22:39). These new orders were a
big revolutionary change which is why it spread so fast it was different when it came to order. ...
There are also ways they pressured people to convert to Muslim. I am going to explain only the
order of the caliphs because I feel like there order helps non–Muslims convert to Muslim, A caliph
maintains the religion and is like a civil leader. The caliph is given the responsibility through duty's.
The duties mainly gives the responsibility to protect the land of Islam, protect the people's rights,
ensure the Muslims were doing their religion right, and to maintain the Islamic religion so future
generations of Muslims don't corrupt the beliefs. The part that represents control shows how stable
their system was, what was in control was the protection of the people's rights, ensuring Muslims
practice the religion correctly, and the pact. What shows their order is their way of making sure that
the Islamic beliefs don't get corrupted by future generations. When Islam conquered other lands,
they allowed the Christians and Jews that were kept alive in the land Islam conquered to allow them
to practice their religion but only if they did one thing. They have to do one of two things one was to
convert to Muslim, of they didn't then they go to the pact. The pact is an arrangement by Muslim
rulers to allow non–Muslims to continue their religion only if they paid a special tax called the
Jizyah. The pact as you can imagine puts pressure on you to convert making more Muslims in the
Islamic culture.
Now I hope a basic understanding of how Islam spread, from how the Islamic beliefs gave you
expectations from god, Muslims creating a perfect system through trading routes giving Islam good
resources, from military raids against the non–Muslim communities and finally, how the caliphs
provided order and control. These were one of many reasons that helped spread Islam making the
Islamic world

Thesis On Islamization Of Knowledge
Regarding the book Islamization of Knowledge: General Principles and Workplan is written by
Isma'il Raji al–Faruqi. The book is published by International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT),
1402/1982, and is the first book which has addressed the critical remarks and suggestion for
improvement of the ummah's life through reconstruction of knowledge. The book also has
contributed to form the basis works of Muslim scholars in the field of knowledge based on Islamic
perspective as it has ignited and widespread the ideas through seminars, discussion, workshop,
conferences and so on. Regarding the author, Isma'il Raji al–Faruqi was a Muslim scholars who was
active in Islamic dakwah and attempted in developing Muslim community or ummah. He was also
well known as a proponent of Islamization of knowledge from the school of International Institute
of Islamic Thought (IIIT), Herndon, Virginia–USA. The IIT was an institution that he set up with his
colleagues such as Abu Hamid Sulaeman and Taha Jabir. THE PROBLEM FACED BY THE
UMMAH ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Malaise of ummah resulted weaknesses and predicament that encompasses in several sector of
life such as political front, economic front and religious–cultural front. In the religious–cultural
included the lack of Islamic vision and dualism in the system of Muslim education. In this sense, al–
Faruqi highlighted that the system of education in all level of institutions has been contaminated
with the secular ideas as the West imparted since in the colonial

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