The presentation describe work on morphing wing designs for UAV

1. Introduction
Material Based Morphing Concept
Summary
3.36pt
Lalit Bhola174010004Under Guidance of: Prof. P.M. Mujumdar & Prof. P.J. Guruprasad Morphing Aircraft Structures

2. Introduction
Material Based Morphing Concept
Summary
Department of Aerospace Engineering
Morphing Aircraft Structures
Lalit Bhola
174010004
Under Guidance of:
Prof. P.M. Mujumdar & Prof. P.J. Guruprasad
May 6, 2018
Lalit Bhola174010004Under Guidance of: Prof. P.M. Mujumdar & Prof. P.J. Guruprasad Morphing Aircraft Structures

3. Introduction
Material Based Morphing Concept
Summary
Goal: To study and evaluate various smart material based aircraft
wing morphing structures.
Objective: To study the use of smart material and actuators in various aircraft wing
morphing configurations.
Motivations:
Performance boost of aircraft in vaious flight configuration with change in wing
geometric parameters.
Geometic morphing of aircraft wing using advanced smart materials and actuators.
Smart materials due to integration of actuation and structural elements provides
capability to achieve organic morphing.
Example application: SMA wire actuators can be used to change the camber of an aircraft
wing to provide higher lift at lower speed.
Lalit Bhola174010004Under Guidance of: Prof. P.M. Mujumdar & Prof. P.J. Guruprasad Morphing Aircraft Structures

4. Introduction
Material Based Morphing Concept
Summary
Morphing
Conventional Wing Morphing Concepts
Smart Materials and Actuators
Introduction: Morphing
The word ‘morph’ came from ‘metamorphosis’ meaning geometry, appearence and colour
change. Morphing is an image transformation method describing a complex and seamless
transition of an object from one shape to another.
Application of morphing in engineering field:
Image processing
Signal processing
Biomedical
Computational mesh generation
Aerospace exploration
Morphing structures
Product Design and development
Manufacturing processes
Lalit Bhola174010004Under Guidance of: Prof. P.M. Mujumdar & Prof. P.J. Guruprasad Morphing Aircraft Structures

5. Introduction
Material Based Morphing Concept
Summary
Morphing
Conventional Wing Morphing Concepts
Smart Materials and Actuators
Aircraft Wing Morphing
Aircraft Morphing Types:
Aircraft Morphing
Fuselage Morphing Wing Morping
Structural Wing
Morphing
In-plane Morphing
Sweep Telescopic
Out-plane Morphing
Folding Camber Twist Winglet
Inflatable Wing
Morphing
Engine Morphing
1
Lalit Bhola174010004Under Guidance of: Prof. P.M. Mujumdar & Prof. P.J. Guruprasad Morphing Aircraft Structures

6. Introduction
Material Based Morphing Concept
Summary
Morphing
Conventional Wing Morphing Concepts
Smart Materials and Actuators
Conventional Systems
Airfoil with variable camber [1] Mechanism based variable camber airfoil [2]
Telescopic wing concept rk and rk-1 design [3].
Lalit Bhola174010004Under Guidance of: Prof. P.M. Mujumdar & Prof. P.J. Guruprasad Morphing Aircraft Structures

7. Introduction
Material Based Morphing Concept
Summary
Morphing
Conventional Wing Morphing Concepts
Smart Materials and Actuators
Variable Inclination morphing aircraft [F-8] Variable sweep morphing aircraft [Bell x-5]
P-1101 Messerschmitt [Variable Sweep] B-1B Lancer [Variable Sweep]
Lalit Bhola174010004Under Guidance of: Prof. P.M. Mujumdar & Prof. P.J. Guruprasad Morphing Aircraft Structures

8. Introduction
Material Based Morphing Concept
Summary
Morphing
Conventional Wing Morphing Concepts
Smart Materials and Actuators
Advantages & Disadvantages of Conventional systems
Advantages
Mechanical mechanisms based morphing systems provide higher actuation forces and
rate.
Highly accurate and repeatable.
Limitations of conventional systems
Large mechanism for morphing are complicated and heavy.
Unintegrated stucture and actuator.
Higher maintenance requirements.
These limitation of conventional morphing systems can be overcome by using smart
materials such as MFC, SMA, SMP, etc.
Lalit Bhola174010004Under Guidance of: Prof. P.M. Mujumdar & Prof. P.J. Guruprasad Morphing Aircraft Structures

9. Introduction
Material Based Morphing Concept
Summary
Morphing
Conventional Wing Morphing Concepts
Smart Materials and Actuators
Smart Materials
Generally, smart materials can be referred
to the integration of sensing, processing,
and structural capabilities together with
actuation element.
Applications of Smart materials
Active control of vibration on smart
structure.
Actuator based new materials.
Multi-domain simulation tools for
design of intelligent actuators.
Actuator
Sensor Structure
Smart Material
Lalit Bhola174010004Under Guidance of: Prof. P.M. Mujumdar & Prof. P.J. Guruprasad Morphing Aircraft Structures

10. Introduction
Material Based Morphing Concept
Summary
Variable Camber
Variable Twist
Folding and Deployable Wing
Winglet morphing
MFC based Variable Camber morphing concepts
External Patch based Morphing [4]. Bimorphing MFC airfoil concept [5].
Bimorphing MFC UAV model [6]. Bimorphing active ribs based concept [7].
Lalit Bhola174010004Under Guidance of: Prof. P.M. Mujumdar & Prof. P.J. Guruprasad Morphing Aircraft Structures

11. Introduction
Material Based Morphing Concept
Summary
Variable Camber
Variable Twist
Folding and Deployable Wing
Winglet morphing
Advantage of using MFC in variable camber morphing
Fast Actuation or higher actuation rate.
Low power(3W) requirement of unimorph MFC panel.
Bimorph configuration can provide a large actuation forces.
Higher actuation force to weight ratio.
Disadvantages
High voltage requirement.
Compatibility issues and low actuation displacement.
MFC configuration Actuation Force (N) Power (W) Active area density (g/cm2)
Unimorph 202 3W 5.44
Bimorph 395 5W 9.56
Table: Data for 101×14 mm MFC panel is provided.
Lalit Bhola174010004Under Guidance of: Prof. P.M. Mujumdar & Prof. P.J. Guruprasad Morphing Aircraft Structures

12. Introduction
Material Based Morphing Concept
Summary
Variable Camber
Variable Twist
Folding and Deployable Wing
Winglet morphing
Piezoelectric Actuators
The morphing model was actuated using
PBP actuator and prestrained latex skin was
used to transfer compressive forces to
actuator for bending deformation.
PBP active ribs based concept [8].
Conventional Actuator PBP Actuator PBP Benefits
Max Power 24W 100mW 99.6% reduction
Max Current 5A 4.4mA 99.9% reduction
Mass 108g 14g 87% reduction
Slop 1.6o 0.02o 99% reduction
Part count 56 6 9× reduction
Corner frequency 3Hz 21Hz 7× increase
Lalit Bhola174010004Under Guidance of: Prof. P.M. Mujumdar & Prof. P.J. Guruprasad Morphing Aircraft Structures

13. Introduction
Material Based Morphing Concept
Summary
Variable Camber
Variable Twist
Folding and Deployable Wing
Winglet morphing
Shape Memory Polymer Based Morphing Wing
Shape memory polymer are mainly used as flexible skin for morphing wing.
SMP based morphing airfoil [9]. SMPC/PAM based morphing airfoil [10].
Models Skin Actuator Actuation Type
1 SMP & Metal SMP Thermal
2 SMPC PAM Mechanical & Thermal
Table: SMP based morphing solution comparison.
Lalit Bhola174010004Under Guidance of: Prof. P.M. Mujumdar & Prof. P.J. Guruprasad Morphing Aircraft Structures

14. Introduction
Material Based Morphing Concept
Summary
Variable Camber
Variable Twist
Folding and Deployable Wing
Winglet morphing
Shape memory alloys due to their unique thermal and mechanical properties can deform
when heated and cooled to a specific level, such properties can be used for actuation
purposes in various engineering applications
SMA wire SMA spring SMA T.T SMA strip SMA disc
High Actuation Force • •
Low Actuation Force • • •
Table: Actuation characterstic of SMA actuators.
SMA wires due to large actuation forces
are widely used in variable camber
morphing wing concept. Use of other SMA
actuator are limited and have higher power
consumption compared to SMA wire
actuator.
SMA wire actuated airfoil [11].
Lalit Bhola174010004Under Guidance of: Prof. P.M. Mujumdar & Prof. P.J. Guruprasad Morphing Aircraft Structures

15. Introduction
Material Based Morphing Concept
Summary
Variable Camber
Variable Twist
Folding and Deployable Wing
Winglet morphing
Shape memory Alloy based Morphing Wing
SMA wire actuated active airfoil [12]. SMP strip actuated airfoil [13].
SMP spring actuated airfoil [14]. SMA torque tube actuated airfoil [15].
Lalit Bhola174010004Under Guidance of: Prof. P.M. Mujumdar & Prof. P.J. Guruprasad Morphing Aircraft Structures

16. Introduction
Material Based Morphing Concept
Summary
Variable Camber
Variable Twist
Folding and Deployable Wing
Winglet morphing
Variable Twist Morphing Models
Variable Twist morphing requires large actuation forces with small displacement. For such
application torque tube can provide best actuation solution.
Torque tube based variable twist [16]. Threaded torque tube based morphing [17].
Models Skin Actuator Actuation motion
Guiler’s Latex Torque Tube Twist
Vos’s CFRP Threaded Torque Tube Sliding
Table: Comparison of recovery time of various SMPC wing with different reinforcing fibers.
Lalit Bhola174010004Under Guidance of: Prof. P.M. Mujumdar & Prof. P.J. Guruprasad Morphing Aircraft Structures

17. Introduction
Material Based Morphing Concept
Summary
Variable Camber
Variable Twist
Folding and Deployable Wing
Winglet morphing
Folding and Deployable Morphing Wing
Folding and deployable wing require actuator with large actuating displacement, such as
shape memory polymer
SMP skin based folded wing [18]. SMPC based deployable wing [19].
Models SMP-Metal hinge CF-SMP SMA-SMP ESS-SMP
Recovery Time(s) 61 19 9 5.5
Table: Recovery response of SMPC deployable with 60W power input.
Lalit Bhola174010004Under Guidance of: Prof. P.M. Mujumdar & Prof. P.J. Guruprasad Morphing Aircraft Structures

18. Introduction
Material Based Morphing Concept
Summary
Variable Camber
Variable Twist
Folding and Deployable Wing
Winglet morphing
Winglet Morphing Wing
SMA hinge based winglet morphing airfoil [20].
Multi state based morphing winglet [21]. Corrugated structure based morphing [22].
Lalit Bhola174010004Under Guidance of: Prof. P.M. Mujumdar & Prof. P.J. Guruprasad Morphing Aircraft Structures

19. Introduction
Material Based Morphing Concept
Summary
Variable Chamber Variable Twist Folding Winglet
SMA wire •
SMA spring •
SMA Torque tube • • •
SMA shell/plate •
Piezoelectric actuator • •
MFC •
LIPCA •
EAP •
SMP • •
Torque Tube •
Corrugated Structure • • •
Multi-state Comp. •
Table: Use of smart material and actuator in various morphing configurations.
Lalit Bhola174010004Under Guidance of: Prof. P.M. Mujumdar & Prof. P.J. Guruprasad Morphing Aircraft Structures

20. Introduction
Material Based Morphing Concept
Summary
Summary
Aircraft morphing is currently advancing from conventional actuation system to smart
material based actuation. Validated of concepts in several micro aerial vehicles and
unmanned aerial vehicles, suggests the huge potential of smart actuators in morphing
aircraft. However, to realize a full fledge morphing system, following five challenges should
be addressed:
Material Modification.
Functional additives.
Structural Optimization.
Hybrid Application.
Novel Smart Materials
Lalit Bhola174010004Under Guidance of: Prof. P.M. Mujumdar & Prof. P.J. Guruprasad Morphing Aircraft Structures