3. Silent – Silence(N)
Quiet, not speaking;
He stayed silent when they asked
where he had been.
It’s better to remain silent when there
is an argument between husband and
wife.
The four men sat in silence.
Talk Back (to)
To reply in a disrespectful manner:
Children shouldn’t talk back to their
parents.
If you are a basic combat training
recruit, you should never talk back to
your Drill Sergeant.
4. Challange (1)
To urge someone to participate in a game, match, situation, etc., and to do their best:
He challanged me to a race.
Our commander challenges us to perform our jobs to the best of our ability every day.
I challanged her to a game of tennis.
The difficult courses at school challenged his ability to make good grades.
To question someone or something because you doubt something is true or correct;
The student is challanging the score he received on his final paper.
Even if you disagree with your Drill Sergeants, never challenge them.
The police challenged the suspect’s story.
People can’t challange the authority of the president in repressive regimes.
Challange (2)
5. Look down on
To disapprove of or to thing of something or someone as having little importance:
Becouse I have such a high respect for honesty, I look down on dishonest people.
If you cause problem, the others will look down on you.
Because she is more beautiful than others she always looks down on other girls.
To respect someone or something:
Children often look up to their older brothers and sisters and try to be just like them.
I will always remember my English teacher with great respect. I look up to her.
The boys look up to his father as a kind man and a good coach.
Look up to
Some people look down on villagers, on the other hand
Atatürk said that we should look up to them.
7. Surrender
To to give up:
The soldiers knew they had lost the battle, so they surrendered.
My commander keeps saying ‘‘ If you surrender in the traning, you will surrender in the war.’’
I surrendered to my daughter’s crying and bought her a bar of chocolate.
The murderer surrendered his gun to the police.
He surrendered to his ambition and embezzled the money of the bank.
Count on
To depend on, rely on or expect something to happen:
He is never late. You can count on him to be on time.
I count on getting a raise next month after my promotion.
To steal money from where you work
8. Inferior
Lower in quality of importance:
Since the material is of inferior
quality, the store is offering a
discount.
I felt inferior during my training,
but my commanders was trying to
make me ready for battle.
A colonel is inferior to a
general(lower in rank).
On behalf of
In support of or to represent a
person or gruop:
The speaker made the
announcement on behalf of the
president.
On behalf of other soldiers, you
should obey the rules; otherwise,
the whole company will be
punished.
The senior student spoke with their
teacher on behalf of everyone.
9. At a time
At one time or at a length of time:
The children went through the door one at a time.
If you work on your computer for three hours at a time, you might have porblems with your eyesight.
Let’s only talnk about one problem at a time.
He manages to obstain(stay away) from smoking for weeks at a time, but then gave in and started
again.
He practised everyday for four or five hours at a time.
10. Exercise B Match the answers with the questions. Write the letter
1. How will Mark manage the company?
2. How do you put this furniture together?
3. How did the children get in trouble?
4. How did Jane’s piano concert go?
5. How do you think people should act when they are abroad?
A. The
instructions are
in the box.
Follow them
exactly as they
are written.
C. When in
Rome, you
should do as the
Romans do.
D. They didn’t
do as they were
told.
B. Very well.
She performed
the songs just as
she had
practiced them
E. He is going tı
run the family
business just as
his father did.
E
D
C
A
B
11.
12. Adverb Clauses of Manner (As, Just As/Exactly As, As If/As Though
In a clause of manner, ‘‘AS’’ can describe how or the way something is done. In
other words, it shows us how something happens.
In a clause starting with ‘‘AS’’ , ‘‘ Subject ’’ and ‘‘ Verb ’’ are used as followers.
Main Clause
Adverb Clause of Manner
AS + Subject + Verb
SENTENCE
I tried to complete the task as my commender wanted.
Subject Verb
Adverb Clause of Manner
Main Clause
13. He fought the enemy as he was trained.
Jenny tries to sing the song as her best singer did.
In the sentence above ‘‘THE WAY’’ can be used in the place of ‘‘AS’’.
Drill Sergeants want the drill performed ‘‘in the way’’ it was shown.
It’s possible to replace ‘‘THE WAY’’ with ‘‘AS’’in the sentence and the meaning remains
same.
Drill Sergeants want the drill performed ‘‘as’’ it was shown.
In informal situations, we often use ‘‘like’’ in the place of ‘‘as’’ . But it is followed by a
phrase not a clause.
He is trying to dance like his older sister.
14. Children have a tendency to face the problems ‘‘just as’’ their parents do.
I like the freedom to plan my day ‘‘excatly as’’ I want.
Mike finished the work in the same way his boss requested.
Follow the instructions for set up in the exact manner they are instructed.
We use ‘‘Just’’ and ‘‘Exactly’’ with ‘‘As’’ to suggest that something is done in the
same way/in the exact manner.
Just As is not proceded by a negative Maim Clause.
As If/ As Though
We use As If/As Though to indicate unreality or improbability or doubt in the
present. To mean unreal present, we use past tense after As If/As Though. To
mean real present, we use present tenses. There is no meaning difference between
As If and As Though.
İn the same way
İn the exact manner
Just as
Exactly As
15. It looks as if/as though it is going to rain. (Probably, it is going to rain.)
He acts as if/as though he owns the store. (I think, he owns the store.)
He acts as if/as though he owned the whole store. (We don’t know for sure.)
You look as if/as though you had seen a ghost. (Actually, you’ve not seen a ghost.)
She ate as if/as though she had been starving for months.
Examples
