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Nasal Polyps: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options
1. Nasal Polyps
Dr. Krishna Koirala
MBBS, MS ENT-HNS
Associate professor
MCOMS, Pokhara,
Nepal29-06-2020
2. Definition
• Hypertrophied, edematous, pedunculated mucosa
prolapsing out of the nose or paranasal sinus
• Classification
– Antrochoanal Polyp
– Ethmoidal polyps
• Properties of Nasal Polyps
– Pale /grey in color, glistening, pedunculated, smooth
surface, mobile, insensitive to touch, do not bleed on
probing
4. • Etiology:
– Infection
– Proetz Theory (anomaly of maxillary sinus ostium)
– Bernoulli’s phenomenon ( pressure drop next to
constriction)
• Origin:
– Arises from maxillary sinus mucosa and exits via
its natural or accessory ostium and extends to
choana
5. Why does AC polyp prefer to extend
towards the choana?
1. Maxillary ostium is directed posteriorly
2. Cilia beat posteriorly
3. Air current flows posteriorly in a greater force
4. Nasal floor slopes posteriorly
5. Posterior nasal cavity is larger
6. Negative oropharyngeal pressure while swallowing
6. Parts of Killian’s Antrochoanal polyp
• Antral: globular
• Choanal: globular
• Nasal: flattened
transversely
• Neck : present at
maxillary ostium
7. Clinical presentation
• Common in children and
adolescent age
• Unilateral nasal obstruction
• Unilateral nasal discharge
• Occasionally nasal mass seen
on anterior rhinoscopy
• Mass bulging in the choana /
oropharynx, seen on posterior
rhinoscopy
8. Examination of nasal mass
• Inspection : side, size, number, color, surface,
pedunculated or sessile, origin, attachment
• Probing : consistency, sensitivity to touch, bleeding
on touch, can be passed all around
• Shrinkage with decongestant drops
9. Probe test
Antrochoanal polyp Hypertrophied turbinate
Insensitive to pain Sensitive
Probe can be passed all
around
Cannot be passed
Mobile Not mobile
11. Investigations
• Diagnostic Nasal Endoscopy
• Plain X-ray of nose and PNS (Waters view)
• X-ray nasopharynx lateral view: presence of air
between skull base and polyp
• CT scan nose and PNS (coronal and axial cuts)
33. Antrochoanal polyp Ethmoid polyps
Seen in adolescents & children Adult
Etiology is infection Allergic
Single Multiple
Unilateral Bilateral
Shape is tri-lobed (dumb-bell) Grape like
Grows backward Forward
Treatment is surgical Medical + Surgical
Recurrence is uncommon Common