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Ethics in Agricultural Photography
- 2. Recall the guidelines for legal and ethical practices when taking and publishing photographs Give examples of ethical standards for image manipulation Define what is a photo caption Recall what information is included in a photo caption Write a photo caption for a photo Learning Objectives
- 3. Fixing minor mistakes in a photograph by removing minor distractions that might hold the attention of the viewer Photo Manipulation
- 4. Photo Manipulation Original Image Photoshopped Image
- 5. Allowed Cropping Minor color correction Sharpening at 300% Careful use of lasso tool Subtle use of burn tool Adjustment of highlights and shadows Eye dropper to check/set gray Not Allowed Additions or deletions to image Airbrush, brush, paint Excessive lightening, darkening, or blurring Excessive color tone change Auto levels Image Manipulation
- 6. Let’s Review! 1. Why should photographers get permission from the parent or legal guardian before publishing photos of children?
- 7. Let’s Review! 2. What is one legal guideline photographers should follow regarding invasion of privacy?
- 8. Let’s Review! 3. What do photographers do if they want to use a photo of a person to sell a product?
- 9. Work in groups of no more than 3. Write comments on a sheet of paper answering three questions listed: 1. Make a personal connection to the photo. 2. Write a question the photo brings to mind. 3. Make a guess as to what information the original caption of this photo imparted.
- 10. Students at Benjamin Franklin Middle School in Ridgewood, N.J., are old hands at text messaging, but not all of the words are friendly. By Jan Hoffman, Published: June 27, 2010
- 11. What is a photo caption (a.k.a. cutline)? A short sentence or two that describes a photograph or illustration within a page layout. Why do we have photo captions? What information is included in a photo caption? AP Style suggests including main elements by answering the following: ◦ Who, What, Where, When, Why, How Photo Captions
- 12. First sentence: Who, What, When & Where (written in present tense) Who is that? (And, in most cases, identify people from left to right unless the action in the photograph demands otherwise.) ◦ What is going on? ◦ Where and when was this? Why and or How ◦ Why is this important or significant? ◦ How did this occur? (Give background on the event) Writing Style for Photo Captions
- 13. Don't assume. Ask questions in your effort to inform and be specific. Be willing to contact and include the subject. Ask for correct spelling of names. Avoid stating the obvious. "Dennis Rodman smiles as he kicks a broadcast photographer in the groin.“ Provide useful information. Always identify the main people in the photograph. Use present tense when possible Write in complete sentences Write the caption to stand alone so reading the story is not necessary Writing Style for Photo Captions
- 14. Don’t editorialize Don’t use cliches Use adjectives sparingly – don’t make judgments “An unhappy citizen watches the protest…” Avoid restating headline or text State how you manipulated the photo (if needed) Elements to exclude: “Pictured above…,” “This picture shows…”, “Looking into the camera…” “From left to right…” Writing Style for Photo Captions
- 15. The Mississippi River flows through a hole in the Sny Island, Ill., levee, flooding farmland and homes 10 miles south of Quincy, Ill., Sunday, July 25, 1993. About 2,000 people were evacuated from the 44,000 acres that flooded. (AP Photo/Bill Waugh) Example of Standard AP Caption
- 16. Read the following captions and determine if the caption is good, okay, or bad. Identify what is correct or incorrect by emphasizing the elements present or missing: who, what, when, where, why and how. Critique this photo caption Good, Okay or Bad 👍 👎👉
- 17. Fresh meats are stocked at the grocery store. Critique this photo caption Good, Okay or Bad 👍 👎👉
- 18. John Mueller prepares Nancy’s Pride for the Grimes County 4-H horse judging contest. The judging contest is held annually during the Grimes County fair. Critique this photo caption Good, Okay or Bad 👍 👎👉
- 19. Oatka Dairy has been owned by the Butler family for three generations. This fall the dairy will close because of low milk prices. Critique this photo caption Good, Okay or Bad 👍 👎👉
- 20. Work individually to write a caption for this photo (approximately 20 -30 words). Enclosed are details that you can use Let’s Practice! Who: Josey Miller What: Roping a calf in the calf roping competition Where: 69th annual Lenox Rodeo in Creston, Iowa When: July 28, 2014 Why: Finished second with a time of 9.7 seconds Source: CrestonNews.com
Editor's Notes
- What if this barn was for sale? The original image shows worn out pens and lots of weeds and junk in the foreground. After manipulation with Photoshop, the image on the right has been cropped, color enhanced, and the clutter in the foreground has been covered up. If a realtor posted the barn on the right in their sale materials, the image on the right covers up some of the disrepair and is not an accurate representation of the property.
- Rules: No additions or deletions to the subject matter of the original image. (thus changing the original content and journalistic integrity of the image). No excessive lightening, darkening, or blurring of the image (this misleading the viewer by disguising certain elements of an image). No excessive color manipulation (thus dramatically changing the original lighting conditions of an image).
- Use the image provided on slide 2 to begin this lesson. Have students work in groups of no more than 3. Their job will be to write comments/answers on a sheet of paper answering the three questions listed below. Although working in groups each student must have an answer represented. Make a personal connection to the photo. (E.g., “Reminds me of when I visited the Empire State Building in third grade.”) Write a question the photo brings to mind. (E.g., “Why can you see only the backs of people’s heads in this shot?”) Make a guess as to what information the original caption of this photo imparted. (E.g., “This looks like the dedication of a memorial to someone who died.”) Have the students discuss all the thoughts provoked by the image and questions that they posed. Finally, read the captions you removed originally. Does the caption reveal anything new about the photo? Do the students feel differently now that they have read the caption? Did any of the students get all the information correct before seeing the caption?
- Finally, read the caption you removed originally. Does the caption reveal anything new about the photo? Do the students feel differently now that they have read the caption? Did any of the students get all the information correct before seeing the caption?
- What is a photo caption? A short sentence or two that describes a photograph or illustration within a page layout. Also called a cutline. Why do we have photo captions? Photo captions are an integral part of storytelling, but they are often the most underdeveloped element in the mix of words, graphics, and photographs. Captions are second only to headlines as the most read copy in newspapers and other media. A poorly executed caption can destroy the message of a photo. The reader/viewer expects nothing less than accurate, complete, and informative information, including captions. Reader Behavior Reader looks briefly at the photo. Subtle aspects of the photo may not be recognizable by the general public. When interest is sparked the reader will typically look for the photo explanation (caption/ cutline). After reading the caption the reader goes back to the photo for a second look.
- A well-composed and captioned photograph can motivate the viewer to read the accompanying text. When writing photo captions, use complete sentences, include the first and last names of people in the photo, and describe the action that is taking place. Triple check the spelling of names and check with primary sources. The first sentence of the caption describes who and what the photo shows, in the present tense, and states where and when the photo was made. First 2-5 words will be the caption lead-in (aka ROCKET); these words grab reader’s attention & link the photo with the rest of the caption. The second sentence of the caption gives background on the news event or describes why the photo is significant. Remind students to only use the second sentence if absolutely necessary for photo clarification.
- Don't assume. Ask questions in your effort to inform and be specific. Be willing to contact and include the subject. Be sure to ask for correct spelling of names when shooting people’s faces. Avoid stating the obvious. We read from left to right, so we don’t state the obvious. "Dennis Rodman smiles as he kicks a broadcast photographer in the groin.” (Provide useful information.) Always identify the main people in the photograph. EXCEPT when faces are not really visible. Use present tense when possible. Don't try to be humorous when the picture is not. Whenever possible, try to keep captions to no more than two concise sentences, while including the relevant information. Try to anticipate what information a newspaper editor or reader will need. When writing captions for agricultural images, be aware of and refrain from using technical industry jargon. Captions should be clear, concise, and serve as an opportunity to further educate the reader. In captions, use the present tense; write in a conversational tone.
- Conversational language works best. Writing as if talking to someone while still using proper grammar. Don't use clichés. Write the caption as if you're telling a family member a story. Use adjectives sparingly, don’t say what the person is thinking. Don’t repeat the obvious: what’s in the headline or text of the story. Any adjustments beyond that would be considered manipulation of the photo. Avoid making judgments. "An unhappy citizen watches the protest…”. If you must be judgmental, be sure you seek the truth. Avoid using terms like "is shown, is pictured, and looks on."
- AP Style First sentence Who is that? Not answered What is going on? Fresh meats are stocked Where was this? Grocery Store When was this? Not answered Second Sentence Why is this important or significant? Not answered How did this occur? Not answered Need at least one, but not both (why and how).
- AP Style First sentence Who is that? John Meuller What is going on? Prepares for 4-H horse judging contest Where was this? Grimes County Fair When was this? During the fair Second Sentence Why is this important or significant? Identifies current event How did this occur? Visible in photo, but not explicitly stated Remember why or how do not both have to be stated.
- AP Style First sentence Who is that? Oatka Dairy/ Butler family What is going on? Closing Where was this? Not answered When was this? Not answered Second Sentence Why is this important or significant? Low milk prices are causing three generation business to close How did this occur? Not answered