only diagrams

1. DISTILLATION
By – Kiran C.Rodge

2. • Definition- The separation of the component of liquid
mixture by a process involving vaporization and
subsequent condensation at another place.
• Application –
 Separation of volatile oil
Purification of organic solvents
Manufacture of official preparation
Refining of petroleum products
Recovery of solvents
Quality control methods
Separation of drug obtained from plant and animal
sources
Purification of drugs obtained from chemical process

3. Theory of Distillation
 Ideal Solution-The one in which there is no change in the
properties of the components other than dilution, when they are
mixed to form a solution.(Obeys Raoult law)
 Raoult law- that the partial pressure of each volatile constituent is
equal to the vapour pressure of the pure constituent multiplied by
its mole fraction in the solution at a given temp.
Partial V.pressure of liq.= V.P.of pure Liq. Mole fraction of liq.
pA = p0A XA

4. Dalton Law- That the total pressure exerted by the mixture of
ideal gases may be considered as sum of that partial V. pressure
exerted by each gas.
 Real solution- Most solution show varying degree of deviation
from Raoult law depending upon nature of liq. and temp., these
solution known as Real solution.

5. Volatility
Where
A = Component A
Relative Volatility
vA = p/X
 = vA / vB

6. Classification of distillation methods
 Simple Distillation
 Fractional Distillation
 Distillation under reduced pressure
 Steam distillation
 Molecular distillation

7. Simple Distillation

8. Distillation unit for WFI

9. Fractional Distillation

10. Distillation under reduced pressure

11. Steam distillation

12. Molecular distillation