Directions: The following questions deal with water safety. Circle the response option, which best describes how you feel about the question. Please answer all of the questions honestly. All responses are confidential. Note: If you have more than one child enrolled in the program, please answer the questions based on the youngest child who is participating. Part 1 1. Very Unlikely Unlikely Likely Very Likely How likely are you to watch/supervise the child you care for with a lifeguard on duty? VU UL L VL How likely is it that the child you care for would drown, if he or she does not learn how to swim? VU UL UL VL How likely are you to take the child you care for swimming at a place with no lifeguard on duty? VU UL UL VL How likely is it that the child you care for would get hurt or injured with a lifeguard on duty? VU UL UL VL How likely is it that the child you care for would drown if left unsupervised, near or in the water? VU UL UL VL 2. Very Unlikely Unlikely Likely Very Likely Without my supervision, the child I care for could drown when near or in the water. VU UL L VL Without swim lessons, the child I care for could drown when near or in the water. VU UL L VL Without a lifeguard on duty, the child I care for could drown when near or in the water. VU UL L VL A non-swimmer may slip under the water unnoticed and drown in a matter of seconds. VU UL L VL If someone was drowning and I did not call for help, the person could die. VU UL L VL 3. Strongly Disagree Disagree Agree Strongly Agree I would feel good about myself if I was able to help someone who was drowning. SD D A SA I would feel relieved if the child I care for knew how to swim. SD D A SA I would feel reassured if there was a lifeguard on duty at the place we go swimming. SD D A SA I would feel better if I knew how to rescue someone who was drowning. SD D A SA I would feel better if I knew how to prevent the child I care for from drowningdowning. SD D A SA 4. Strongly Disagree Disagree Agree Strongly Agree Not knowing what to do during a water related emergency could result in a drowningdowning. SD D A SA Not having a lifeguard on duty could result in a drowning. SD D A SA Not having a supervised place to practice swimming could result in a drowning. SD D A SA Not receiving swim lessons could result in a drowning. SD D A SA Not having access to rescue equipment could result in a drowning. SD D A SA 5. Strongly Disagree Disagree Agree Strongly Agree I am confident that I can prevent the child I care for from drowningdowning. SD D A SA I am confident the child I care for can swim. SD D A SA I am confident that I can adequately watch/ supervise the child I care for in and around the water. SD D A SA I am confident that I can enroll or reenroll the child I care for into swim lessons. SD D A SA I am confident that if I saw someone drowning, I would know what to do. SD D A SA 6. True False Unsure Lakes are safer to swim in than pools. T F U To help someone who.

1. Directions: The following questions deal with water safety.
Circle the response option, which best describes how you feel
about the question. Please answer all of the questions honestly.
All responses are confidential. Note: If you have more than one
child enrolled in the program, please answer the questions based
on the youngest child who is participating.
Part 1
1.
Very Unlikely
Unlikely
Likely
Very Likely
How likely are you to watch/supervise the child you care for
with a lifeguard on duty?
VU
UL
L
VL
How likely is it that the child you care for would drown, if he
or she does not learn how to swim?
VU
UL
UL
VL
How likely are you to take the child you care for swimming at a
place with no lifeguard on duty?
VU
UL
UL

2. VL
How likely is it that the child you care for would get hurt or
injured with a lifeguard on duty?
VU
UL
UL
VL
How likely is it that the child you care for would drown if left
unsupervised, near or in the water?
VU
UL
UL
VL
2.
Very Unlikely
Unlikely
Likely
Very Likely
Without my supervision, the child I care for could drown when
near or in the water.
VU
UL
L
VL
Without swim lessons, the child I care for could drown when
near or in the water.
VU
UL
L
VL
Without a lifeguard on duty, the child I care for could drown
when near or in the water.
VU
UL
L

3. VL
A non-swimmer may slip under the water unnoticed and drown
in a matter of seconds.
VU
UL
L
VL
If someone was drowning and I did not call for help, the person
could die.
VU
UL
L
VL
3.
Strongly Disagree
Disagree
Agree
Strongly Agree
I would feel good about myself if I was able to help someone
who was drowning.
SD
D
A
SA
I would feel relieved if the child I care for knew how to swim.
SD
D
A
SA
I would feel reassured if there was a lifeguard on duty at the
place we go swimming.
SD
D
A
SA

4. I would feel better if I knew how to rescue someone who was
drowning.
SD
D
A
SA
I would feel better if I knew how to prevent the child I care for
from drowningdowning.
SD
D
A
SA
4.
Strongly Disagree
Disagree
Agree
Strongly Agree
Not knowing what to do during a water related emergency could
result in a drowningdowning.
SD
D
A
SA
Not having a lifeguard on duty could result in a drowning.
SD
D
A
SA
Not having a supervised place to practice swimming could
result in a drowning.
SD
D
A
SA
Not receiving swim lessons could result in a drowning.

5. SD
D
A
SA
Not having access to rescue equipment could result in a
drowning.
SD
D
A
SA
5.
Strongly Disagree
Disagree
Agree
Strongly Agree
I am confident that I can prevent the child I care for from
drowningdowning.
SD
D
A
SA
I am confident the child I care for can swim.
SD
D
A
SA
I am confident that I can adequately watch/ supervise the child I
care for in and around the water.
SD
D
A
SA

6. I am confident that I can enroll or reenroll the child I care for
into swim lessons.
SD
D
A
SA
I am confident that if I saw someone drowning, I would know
what to do.
SD
D
A
SA
6.
True
False
Unsure
Lakes are safer to swim in than pools.
T
F
U
To help someone who is drowning you should dive into the
water to rescue them.
T
F
U
For children ages 4 and under, most drowning fatalities occur at
or near the home.
T
F
U
Drowning is responsible for 1 in 4 deaths among children.
T
F
U
Infants should be within arm’s reach at all times when near or

7. around the water.
T
F
U
7.
Yes
No
I received prevention information in person.
Y
N
I received prevention information in the mail.
Y
N
I received prevention information on my cell phone.
Y
N
I received prevention information via email.
Y
N
I received prevention information via Facebook.
Y
N
8.
Very Unlikely
Unlikely
Likely
Very Likely
I plan to reenroll the child I care for in swim lessons.
VU
UL
L
VL
I will only take the child I care for to swim at facilities that
have a lifeguard on duty.
VU
UL

8. L
VL
I will closely watch the child I care for when near or around the
water.
VU
UL
L
VL
I will help if I see someone drowning downing.
VU
UL
L
VL
I will not jeopardize my own safety trying to help someone else.
VU
UL
L
VL
Part 2:
DRAFT
Water Safety Survey
9. Has the child you care for taken formal swimming lessons
before? ___Yes ___No
10. How far is your child able to swim*?
___ Not at all
___ ¼ of a pool length
___ ½ of a pool length
___ ¾ of a pool length
___ Full pool length or more
11. How old is the child you care for? ____ years

9. 12. What is your relationship to the child?
_____________________
13. What year were you born? ____
14. What is your gender?
___Male ___Female
15. What is your race?
___African American/Black ___Asian/Pacific Islander
___Caucasian/White ___Other
16. What is your ethnicity?
___Hispanic ___Non-Hispanic
17. How many Josh Project sessions did the child you care for
complete?______ sessions
*Note: A standard pool length is equal to 25 meters. Examples
include the pools located at St. Francis High School and the
University of Toledo Recreation Center.
Talya Bauer and Berrin Erdogan
Chapter 12 Leading People Within Organizations

10. © 2010 Jupiterimages Corporation
Learning Objectives
Define what leadership is and identify traits of effective leaders
Describe behaviors that effective leaders demonstrate
Specify the contexts in which various leadership styles are
effective
Explain the concepts of transformational, transactional,
charismatic, servant, and authentic leadership
TraitDescriptionOpennessBeing curious, original, intellectual,
creative, and open to new ideas. ConscientiousnessBeing
organized, systematic, punctual, achievement oriented, and
dependable.Extraversion Being outgoing, talkative, sociable,
and enjoying social situations.AgreeablenessBeing affable,
tolerant, sensitive, trusting, kind, and warm.NeuroticismBeing
anxious, irritable, temperamental, and moody.
Think of a leader you admire. What traits does this person
have? Are they consistent with the traits discussed in this
chapter? If not, why is this person effective despite the presence
of different traits?Can the findings of trait approaches be used
to train potential leaders? Which traits seem easier to teach?
Which are more stable?How can organizations identify future
leaders with a given set of traits? Which methods would be

11. useful for this purpose?What other traits can you think of that
would be relevant to leadership?
What Do Leaders Do?
Behavioral Approaches to Leadership
Behavioral approaches to leadership show that task oriented and
people oriented behaviors are two key aspects of leadership
© 2010 Jupiterimages Corporation
Democratic Decision Making Style
Source:
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Sergey_Brin,_Web_2
.0_Conference.jpg
Give an example of a leader you admire whose behavior is
primarily task oriented, and one whose behavior is primarily
people oriented. What are the limitations of authoritarian
decision making? Under which conditions do you think
authoritarian style would be more effective? What are the
limitations of democratic decision making? Under which
conditions do you think democratic style would be more
effective? What are the limitations of laissez-faire decision
making? Under which conditions do you think laissez-faire style

12. would be more effective? Examine your own leadership style.
Which behaviors are you more likely to demonstrate? Which
decision making style are you more likely to use?
Contingency Approaches to Leadership
The Role of Context
Fiedler’s Contingency Theory
Situational favorablenessLeader-subordinate relationsPosition
PowerTask structureBest StyleFavorableGoodHighHighLow
LPC LeaderGoodHighLowGoodLow
HighMediumGoodLowLowHigh LPC
LeaderPoorHighHighPoorHighLowPoorLowHighUnfavorablePo
orLowLowLow LPC leader
Leaders choose from four basic situational leadership styles as
defined by Blanchard and Hersey.
The style that a leader chooses is determined by situational
factors such as employee readiness.
Development of the Individual

13. *
Path-Goal Theory of Leadership
Influenced by Expectancy Theory of Motivation
Predictions of Path-Goal TheorySituationAppropriate
Leadership Style
When employees have high role ambiguity
When employees have low abilities
When employees have external locus of controlDirective
When tasks are boring and repetitive
When tasks are stressfulSupportive
When employees have high abilities
When the decision is relevant to employees
When employees have high internal locus of
controlParticipative
When employees have high abilities
When employees have high achievement
motivationAchievement oriented
Vroom and Yetton- Leadership Decisions
The Decision Tree

14. Source: Used by permission from Victor H. Vroom.
Do you believe that the least preferred coworker technique is a
valid method of measuring someone’s leadership style? Why or
why not?Do you believe that leaders can vary their style to
demonstrate directive, supportive, achievement oriented and
participative styles with respect to different employees? Or does
each leader tend to have a personal style that he or she regularly
uses toward all employees?What do you see as the limitations of
the Vroom-Yetton leadership decision making approach?Which
of the leadership theories covered in this section do you think
are most useful, and least useful, to practicing managers? Why?
*
Transformational leaders lead employees by aligning employee
goals with the leader’s goals
Source:
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ataturk_and_flag_of_T
urkey.jpg
OB Toolbox: Be Charismatic!

15. *
Self-Assessment: Rate Your LMX
Answer the following questions using: 1 = not at all, 2 =
somewhat, 3 = fully agree
1. _____ I like my supervisor very much as a person.
2. _____My supervisor is the kind of person one would like to
have as a friend.
3. _____My supervisor is a lot of fun to work with.
4. _____My supervisor defends my work actions, without
complete knowledge of the issue.
5. _____ My supervisor would come to my defense if I were
“attacked” by others.
6. _____ My supervisor would defend me if I made an honest
mistake.
7. _____ I do work for my supervisor that goes beyond what is
specified in my job description.
8. _____ I am willing to apply extra efforts to further the
interests of my work group.
9. _____ I do not mind working my hardest for my supervisor
10. _____I am impressed with my supervisor’s knowledge of
his/her job.
11. _____ I respect my supervisor’s knowledge of and

16. competence on the job.
12. _____ I admire my supervisor’s professional skills.
Scoring: Liking=1+2+3, Loyalty=4+5+6, Contribution=7+8+9,
Professional Respect=10+11+12
Source: Liden, R. C. & Maslyn, J. M. (1998). Multi-
dimensionality of leader-member exchange: An empirical
assessment through scale development.
Journal of Management, 24, 43-72. Used by permission of Sage
Publications.
OB Toolbox: Ideas for Improving Your Relationship With Your
Manager
Servant Leadership
OB Toolbox: Be a Servant Leader
Authentic Leadership
Witnessing his father’s losing jobs due to medical problems, he
became passionate about a company’s need to care for its
employees.

17. Source:
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/archive/a/ae/20
081006001508!Howard-Schultz-Starbucks.jpg
What are the characteristics of transformational leaders? Are
transformational leaders more effective than transactional
leaders? What is charisma? What are the advantages and
disadvantages of charismatic leadership? Should organizations
look for charismatic leaders when selecting managers? What are
the differences (if any) between a leader having a high quality
exchange with employees and being friends with employees?
What does it mean to be a servant leader? Do you know any
leaders whose style resembles servant leaders? What are the
advantages of adopting such a leadership style? What does it
mean to be an authentic leader? How would such a style be
developed?
The CEO of PepsiCo, Indra Nooyi, is a leader who demonstrates
passion for her vision and energizes those around her
toward her vision for the company
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Indra_Nooyi_-

18. _World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_2008.jpg
Develop Your Authentic Leadership Skills
What is the connection between leadership and ethics? Do you
believe that ethical leaders are more successful in
organizations? Have you ever had an authentic leader? What did
this person do that made you consider him or her to be
authentic? How effective was his or her leadership?
*
*
*
Health Behavior Intervention & Survey
Develop an intervention and survey, based on Health Belief
Model (INTRAPersonal/ Within the Individual)
[see Model constructs/review below] + uploaded Examples
Topic: Fire Safety (for both)
1. Intervention Instructions
· The intervention must be based on Health Belief Model
· Use the literature to design your intervention
· Do not implement your intervention, instead view this as

19. proposal
· Include SMART objectives for the intervention
· (Specific. Measurable. Achievable. Relevant. Timed.)
· Explain how you plan to utilize theory
· Make relevant to your career or academic goals
· Format:
· Scope of the problem 1-2 pgs. (double space) – preferable 1.5
page
· Include epidemiological trends
· Factual information
· Avoid “tongue in cheek” anecdotal stories
· Avoid judgmental or moral tone
· Keep formal and scientific
· Program Goals Bullets ≤ 1pg. preferable ½ page
· Explain Intervention 1-3 pgs. preferable 2 page
· Theory – intervention – program goals, must align
· Try to highlight unique/innovative ideas
· Adapt/modify evidences based practices to meet your unique
population
· Cite the literature
· Evaluation 1-2 pgs. preferable 1 page
· References 1pg. preferable 1.5 page
Total pages from 5-10 preferable 6-7 pages
Think about these elements when develop your intervention,
they will help you to write

20. · Cite prevalence of the behavior and risk factors
· Discuss: Who, What, Where, Why, and When! with examples,
how you will use each of the constructs to design your
intervention
· Evaluation plan
· How will you collect data?
· Electronic survey or paper/pencil mailed survey?
· When will you collect data?
· Pre/post?
· What comparisons will you make?
· Will you include a randomly assigned control group?
· What indicators will you track?
· Discuss limitations
2. Survey Instructions
· Include demographics (Last Page)
· Assess the prevalence of Fire Safety of interest
· Assess negative related consequences
· Include at least two constructs Health Belief Model
· Need at least four items per construct
· [place in brackets what construct you are measuring]
· e.g., [attitude]
· Design questions to evaluate your intervention
· Use the literature to develop the survey and principles learned
in class
· Survey should be 2 to 4 pages preferable 2 pages

21. Health Belief Model Constructs (HBM) Review
Grandmother of health behavior theories
Developed in:1950’s Founders:
· Godfrey Hochbaum
· Irwin Rosenstock
· Stephen Kegels
USED FOR: To explain both change & maintenance of health
behavior. Also, as guiding framework for interventions.
People will engage in healthy behavior if:
· They value the outcome
· They think that the behavior is likely to result in that outcome.
· EX; if the person thought he is at risk of TB
if the person thinks there’s benefit of early test for TB
Health Belief Model Constructs
· Perceived Susceptibility: The degree a person feels at risk for
a health problem.
Perceived
Threat
· EX; Diabetes runs in my family, so I worry I may get it.

22. · Perceived Severity: The degree a person believes the
consequences of the problem will be severe.
· EX; Diabetes runs in my family. I’m scared I’ll get it, and
need to take medicine as a result.
· EX; Diabetes is one of the leading causes of death in the U.S.,
I don’t want to die young.
· Perceived Benefits: Positive outcomes a person believes will
result from the action.
· EX; if I eat healthy and exercise often, I’ll reduce risk for me
getting diabetes.
· Perceived Barriers: Negative outcomes a person believes will
result from the action.
· EX; Healthy food is expensive and working out takes up too
much time.
· It’s the most powerful single predictor of the HBM
· Cues to Action: External event that motivates a person to act
· EX; I watched my mom take insulin shots constantly. It made
me more aware of my risk.
· EX; Reading statics flyers
· Self-Efficacy (added in 1988): Person’s belief/confidence in
ability to take an action.
· EX; I believe in my ability to reduce my risk of getting
diabetes and I know that.