1. ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺩ‬.‫ﺫﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺨﺹ‬:‫ﻤﺩﺭﺱ‬/‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻡ‬/‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺘﺸﺭﺕ‬‫ﺃﻗﺎﻟﻴﻡ‬‫ﻓﺸﻤﻠﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤﺩﻨ‬‫ﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ‬‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬‫ﺤﻀﺎﺭ‬‫ﺍﺕ‬‫ﻤﺘﻤﻴﺯﺓ‬،‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬
‫ﺃﻏﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻌﺕ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬‫ﺴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ‬‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻬﺎ‬‫ﺃﻗﻴﻤﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻅﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻤﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﺴﻤﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻭﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺴﻭﺍﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺩﺍﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻟﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ‬.
‫ﻭﺴﻭﻑ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻫﺫ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻭل‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻤﻕ‬‫ﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺼﻭﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﻴﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻁﻼﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻌﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺸﻤﻠﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻨﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﺀﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬"‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺎﺼﻴل‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬‫ﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬"‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻫﺩﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎﻥ‬ ،"‫ﻭﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻅﻴﻔﻬﺎ‬"‫ﻨﻅﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺇﻁﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎ‬ ،
،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﺄﻨﻭﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺭﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻨﻭﻉ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬
)‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻭﻴﺭ‬(‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﺅﺩﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻅﺎﺌﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺫﻩ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻨﻤﻭﺫﺠ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬‫ﺍﺘﺴﻤﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﺒﻘﻴﺎﻡ‬‫ﺤﻀ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤﺘﻤﻴﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺭﺓ‬‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬‫ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﻭﺼﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻨﺘﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬.
The local features in the Islamic architecture
Dr. Ahmad Abdulwahid Thannoon
Lecturer / Arch. Dept / Mosul University
:Abstract
Islamic architecture has spread in a wide geographical regions, covering many areas
and cities with distinct civilizations, Most of these areas and cities imposed their local
architectural features on the forms of Islamic buildings in these areas due to the
flexibility that characterized the process of composition output of Islamic architecture
represented in different functional patterns as mosques, palaces, schools, baths and
markets.
This paper tries to study in-depth the existence of these local features and its assets
in a range of distinct civilized areas covered by Islamic architecture. Reviewing
previous studies concerning the research topic revealed the problem of the research
which was the absence of enough theoretical knowledge about the details of local
features in the Islamic architecture models, Thus, the research made it its goal to
determine impact of these features on Islamic architecture and to disclose the process
of employing it in the Islamic architecture buildings. To achieve this goal, the
research adopted an approach with a number of steps: first, determining a theoretical
framework with a collection of detailed vocabulary for studying the impact of local
features, as the types of local features, the types of processing these features, and
locations of the impact of them within the building, and the nature of the functions
performed by these features, Then the application of this theoretical framework on
mosques buildings in Islamic architecture in a group of areas with distinct
civilizations and up to analyze the results and determine the deductions.

2. 1-‫ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬)‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬:(
‫ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬
‫ﻴﺤﻤل‬ ‫ﻜﻭﻨﻪ‬ ،‫ﻭﻤﺅﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺤﺩﻴﺜ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺸﺄ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭﺍﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺒﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺨﺘﺯل‬
‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻁﻭﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﻭﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜل‬
‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻭﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻁﺄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻭل‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻀل‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻘﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻭﻅﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻁﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭﺍﻨﻲ‬‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬‫ﺤﻀﺎﺭ‬‫ﺍﺕ‬‫ﻭﻤﺘﻨﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻭﻅﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻭﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻅﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﺨﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭﺍﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺍﺜﻬﺎ‬‫ﻤﺒﺎﻨﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻤﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺎﻭل‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻷﺠل‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻤﺜﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺼﻤﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺘﻭﻅﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ‬
‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬.
‫ﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻌﺭﺍﺽ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺎﻭﻟﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﻼﺹ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻁﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﺭﻀﻴﺎﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻫﺩﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻭﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺘﻤﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ،‫ﻓﺭﻀﻴﺎﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻫﺩﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬
‫ﺇﻁﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺘﻀﻤﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺭﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﻀﻡ‬
‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬
‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻨﻴﺔ‬‫ﺃﻫﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ‬‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎ‬‫ﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺘﺸﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﻴﺯﺓ‬‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻨﺘﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﻭﺼﻭ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺨﺘﺘﻡ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻨﺘﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬.
2-‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬:
2-1:‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬)،‫ﺍﻟﻘﺤﻁﺎﻨﻲ‬2009:(
‫ﺘﺄﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻴﺭ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺎﺘﻬﺎ‬‫ﺌﺭ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻭﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺯﻨﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﺨﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻼﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻀﻔﻰ‬ ‫ﺫﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺎﻜل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺩﻤﺸﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻟﺠﺎﻤﻊ‬)‫ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻘﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻘﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻘﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺯﺩﻭﺝ‬(]،‫ﺍﻟﻘﺤﻁﺎﻨﻲ‬2009،‫ﺹ‬35،186[،
‫ﻭ‬‫ﺒﻴﺯﻨﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺠﺭ‬ ‫ﺨﺭﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺭ‬
‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﻤﺠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﺎﺭﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻭﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺤﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﻘﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬]،‫ﺍﻟﻘﺤﻁﺎﻨﻲ‬2009،
‫ﺹ‬188ٍ[.‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺜﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺄﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻠﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬)‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺒﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺸﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬(
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻭﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬)‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬(‫ﻓﻅﻬﺭﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻗﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺘﺸﺭﺕ‬،‫ﻓﺎﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻼﺩ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
‫ﺘﺄﺜﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻜل‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﺠﻭﺍﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺨﻁﻁ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺒﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺸﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﻭﺼﻭ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻴﻘﻭﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﻤﻠﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ‬]،‫ﺍﻟﻘﺤﻁﺎﻨﻲ‬2009‫ﺹ‬ ،35-36،191[،
‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺜﺭﺕ‬‫ﺃﻴﻀ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺒﺄﺴﻠﻭﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ‬)‫ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗﺭﺏ‬(‫ﻭﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﺼل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺴﻴﻜﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺒﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺘﺢ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺭ‬)‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺼﻔﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ‬
،‫ﺍﻷﻓﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺤﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺠﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺼﺼﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺩﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﻭﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺠﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻤﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺠﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻗﺒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻅﻼﺕ‬(‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬)‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘﻔﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻟﻤﺴﺎﻁﺏ‬
‫ﺘﻌﺘﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﺒﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺒﻌﺔ‬

3. ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻓﺎﺭﻴﺯ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻁﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻁ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻭﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﺠﺴﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻼﻤﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺒﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺒﺎﺏ‬ ،‫ﺠﺯﺃﻴﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺭﺅﺅﺱ‬ ‫ﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻭﺩﺍﺀ‬(]،‫ﺍﻟﻘﺤﻁﺎﻨﻲ‬2009‫ﺹ‬ ،140-
166،341[،)‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬-1(،‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﺭﻗﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻴﻤﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬)‫ﺸﻴﺭﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﺭﺴﺔ‬(
‫ﻤﻠﺌﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﻴﻘﻭﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻅﻬﺭﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻴﻭﺍﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺯﻭﺍﻴﺎ‬]،‫ﺍﻟﻘﺤﻁﺎﻨﻲ‬2009‫ﺹ‬ ،145[،
)‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬-2(.‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠ‬‫ﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻨﺎﻀﻭل‬ ‫ﺨﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺭﻤﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻗﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻁﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻘﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻗﻴﺼﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ‬]،‫ﺍﻟﻘﺤﻁﺎﻨﻲ‬2009‫ﺹ‬ ،214[.
2-2:‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬)،‫ﺃﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬2009:(
‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻤﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬‫ﻜﺼﻭﺭ‬ ،‫ﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺸﻜل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﺍﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻘﻭﺸﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺼﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺴﺎﻨﻲ‬]،‫ﺃﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬2009‫ﺹ‬ ،111[‫ﻭﺼﻭﺭ‬ ،
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺯﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﺍﻤﻴﻙ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻭﻭﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻴﺭﺍﻨﻲ‬]،‫ﺃﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬2009‫ﺹ‬ ،120[‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻷﺴﻁﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﺍﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻤﺎﺜﻴل‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻭﺵ‬)‫ﻜﺎﻟﺘﻨﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻨﺢ‬(‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻜﻘﺎﺭﻋﺔ‬)‫ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺭ‬/
‫ﺍﻷﻨﺎﻀﻭل‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺠﻨﻭﺏ‬(‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﻤﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫ‬
‫ﻟﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ‬]،‫ﺃﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬2009‫ﺹ‬ ،156[،)‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
-3(‫ﺴﻤ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬ ،‫ﺔ‬‫ﻤﺤﻠﻴ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺘﻤﻴﺯﺕ‬
‫ﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻜﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻜﺫﻟ‬ ،‫ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬‫ﺒﺄﻨﻤﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺇﺯﻨﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺭﺍﻤﻴﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻙ‬
‫ﺯﻫﺭﻴﺔ‬‫ﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬)‫ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺸﺨﺎﺵ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻨﻔل‬ ‫ﺯﻫﺭﺓ‬(‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺴﻭﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬]،‫ﺃﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬2009،
‫ﺹ‬166[‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺸﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺭﺍﺤل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﻭﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺩﻤﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬‫ﻟﻠﺤﺠﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻘﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺩﻟﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻜﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ‬]،‫ﺃﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬
2009‫ﺹ‬ ،182[‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻼ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﺴﻘﻭﻑ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺯﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻓﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﻭﺍﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻌﺎﻗﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﺸﺠﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺴﻊ‬
‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ‬‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬‫ﺍﻷﻟ‬‫ﻭﺍﻥ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﻟﺨﺸﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻀﺎﺀﺍﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺄﺜﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ‬]،‫ﺃﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬2009‫ﺹ‬ ،204-207[،)‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬-4(‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﻀﺎﻑ‬ ،‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬‫ﻤﺂﺫﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺜﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﺭﺍﺝ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﺸﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺍﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬]،‫ﺃﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬2009‫ﺹ‬ ،209[.
2-3:‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬)‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻁﺎﻨﻲ‬2002:(
‫ﺍﻟﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻴﺭ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻌﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻨﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﻀﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺭﺠﻌﻴﺎﺕ‬)‫ﻋﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻭﻨﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺁﺭﺍﻤﻴﺔ‬(‫ﻜﺩﻭﻟﺔ‬ ،
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻠﺨﻤﻴﻴﻥ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺴﺎﺴﻨﺔ‬ ،‫ﻭﺘﺩﻤﺭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﻨﺒﺎﻁ‬
‫ﻭﻨﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺴﺨﺔ‬ ‫ﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺎﻟﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺃﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺍﺀ‬‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺯﻨﻁﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺯﻨﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﺒﻼﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻼ‬ ،‫ﺃﻓﺭﻴﻘﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺸﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﻏﺭﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺫﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﻭﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬]،‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻁﺎﻨﻲ‬2002‫ﺹ‬ ،23-24[.‫ﻭﺘﻭﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬
‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻟﺘﺯﻴﻴﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﺴﻴﻔﺴﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺎﻷﻟﻭﺍﺡ‬‫ﺍﻹﻏﺭﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻭﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻫﺎﻟﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل‬ ‫ﻘﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﻀﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ،‫ﻋﻤﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺭ‬
‫ﻟﺸﺨﻭﺹ‬ ‫ﺭﺴﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺘﺤﺎﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻭﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﻭﺍﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬

4. ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻨﻬﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻷﺸﺠﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﻨﺎﺌﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺴﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺒﺭﺍﺝ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﺴﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺼﻭﺭ‬]،‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻁﺎﻨﻲ‬2002،
‫ﺹ‬186-246[‫ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻤﺔ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻼﻉ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻔﺭﺩﺍﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻭﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻀﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻗﺎﻟﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻤﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻭﻅﻴﻔﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﻭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻌﻤل‬‫ﻟﻠﺤل‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻭﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺸﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺠﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻁﻭﻗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻜﺘل‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻭﻴﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺃﺼﻡ‬‫ﺍﺴﻁﻭﺍﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﺭﺍﺝ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻋﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬]،‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻁﺎﻨﻲ‬2002‫ﺹ‬ ،241[‫ﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬ ،
‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﻁﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻭﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺯﻨﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻨﺎﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻅﻬﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺭ‬]،‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻁﺎﻨﻲ‬2002‫ﺹ‬ ،247-248[،
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﻠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﻀﺎﻑ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺭﺍﻏﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻭﻅﻴﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺴﺎﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﺍﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﻘﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﻭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻭﻴﺔ‬]،‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻁﺎﻨﻲ‬2002،
‫ﺹ‬248[‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺸﻤﻠﺕ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻷﻤﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺩﻓﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺄﺴﻠﻭﺏ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺩﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﻀﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺩﻓﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻭﻗ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﺎﺭﻱ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤﺄﻟﻭﻓ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﻭﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬]،‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻁﺎﻨﻲ‬2002،
‫ﺹ‬243[‫ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻷﻗﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻀﺎﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻘﻴﻑ‬)‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺘﺒﺭﺯ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺠل‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻌﻤل‬ ،‫ﺒﻴﻀﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻨﺼﻑ‬ ‫ﻗﻁﺎﻉ‬
‫ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻴﻼ‬Offset(‫ﺤﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺼ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺭﺡ‬‫ﻭﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻁﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺯﺃ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺘﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻁﻭﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻴﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻘﻴﻑ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻭﺍﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺭ‬]،‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻁﺎﻨﻲ‬2002،
‫ﺹ‬246-247[.
2-4:‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬)‫ﺠﺭﺍﺒﺎﺭ‬1988:(
‫ﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻤﺢ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺕ‬‫ﺒﺄﺸﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜﻠﺕ‬ ‫ﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻭﻉ‬]،‫ﺠﺭﺍﺒﺎﺭ‬1988‫ﺹ‬370[‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬ ،
‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﻨﺸﺄﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺎﺼﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻤﺎﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻋﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻟﻌﻘﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﻋﻤل‬ ‫ﻭﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻼﻁﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻷﺒﺭﺍﺝ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻘﻭﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬]،‫ﺠﺭﺍﺒﺎﺭ‬1988،
‫ﺹ‬375[‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻀﻤﻨﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺴﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺘﻌﺩﻴﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺠﺭﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺠﻭﻋﺔ‬ ،‫ﺫﻜﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻭﺍﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺼﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻘﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺯﺩﻭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻟﻌﻘﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻀﺨﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻋﺎﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ،‫ﻗﺭﻁﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺕ‬
‫ﺴﺎﻤﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺠﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻴﺔ‬]،‫ﺠﺭﺍﺒﺎﺭ‬
1988‫ﺹ‬ ،376[‫ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺸﻴﺭ‬ ،
‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺨﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺘﻤﺜ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻜﻴل‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬‫ﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺌﺭ‬]،‫ﺠﺭﺍﺒﺎﺭ‬1988‫ﺹ‬ ،376[،
‫ﺤﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻁﺭﺡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﺠﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻤﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﻴﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬/‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻴﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻼﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺭ‬•
‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺤﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻷ‬‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻷﺸﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺘﺭﻜﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﺂﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻁﺭﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬
•
‫ﺍﻹﻳﻮﺍﻥ‬:‫ﻗﺎﻋﺔ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺴﻘﻔ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺑ‬،‫ﻌﻘﺪ‬‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﳍﺎ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﺭﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺸﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎﺀ‬]،‫ﺍﻟﺮﳛﺎﻭﻱ‬2000‫ﺹ‬ ،661[.

5. ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺯﻨﻁﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺎﺏ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺼﻭﻓﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺁﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻅﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺴﻁﻨﺒﻭل‬]،‫ﺠﺭﺍﺒﺎﺭ‬1988‫ﺹ‬ ،398[،
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬‫ﺒﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﺂﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﺜﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻔﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻨﺠﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺤل‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻱ‬]،‫ﺠﺭﺍﺒﺎﺭ‬1988‫ﺹ‬ ،399[.‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺘﻤﺜﻠﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺸﺎﺭﺕ‬
‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻅﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻤﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺎﻷﻀﺭﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺭﻏﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻌﺎﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻭﻅﺎﺌﻑ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ،‫ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺭﻜﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﻴﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺠﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻀﺢ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺃﺨﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺌﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺩﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻋﺩﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺎﻟﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺸﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﺘﻁﻭﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬‫ﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬]،‫ﺠﺭﺍﺒﺎﺭ‬
1988‫ﺹ‬ ،399[.
3-‫ﻭﺃﻫﺩﺍﻓﻪ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬:
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻁﻼﻉ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺎﻭﻟﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻀﺢ‬ ،‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻜﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹ‬‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻥ‬ ،‫ﺤﻀﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺭﻏﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﺭﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﺯل‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻭﺼل‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﻭﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺸﻤﻭﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺎﻭل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﻬﻤﺕ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻊ‬ ،‫ﻁﺭﺤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭ‬‫ﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺇﻁﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺘﺤﺩﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﺴﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻀﻭﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺒـ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬)‫ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻭﻅﻴﻔﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬(‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻫﺩﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎﻥ‬ ،:
)‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺎﺼﻴل‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻭﻀﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻅﻴﻔﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺃﺒﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺘﺸﻜﻠﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻅﻴﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻜﻭﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ‬
‫ﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺨﻼﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻭﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﺎل‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺘﻀﻴﻴﻕ‬‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻥ‬(.
4-‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﻀﻴﺔ‬:
‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻴﻔﺘﺭﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ‬)‫ﺃﺒﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ‬(‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﻴﺯﺓ‬
‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻅﻔﺕ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻅﻬﺭ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺎﺕ‬.
5-‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ‬:
‫ﺘﻡ‬ ،‫ﻫﺩﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻠﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ‬:
5-1:‫ﺍﻷﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺭﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻴﻀﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺇﻁﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺎﺼﻴل‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻀﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ‬.
5-2:‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼل‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬
‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺘﺸﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭﺍﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬.
5-3:‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻭﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻠﻴل‬
‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻅﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺎﺼﻴل‬ ‫ﻜﺸﻑ‬

6. ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬.‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺨﺘﺘﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻨﺘ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬.
5-1:‫ﻨﻅﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺇﻁﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬:
‫ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺎﻭﻟﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻀﻤﻨﺕ‬
‫ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ‬ ،‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺸﻜل‬ ،‫ﻭﻭﺠﻭﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻴﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺭﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﺭﺯﺕ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬:
5-1-1:‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ‬‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬:
‫ﺘ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺸﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻋﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺩ‬
،‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻜﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬
‫ﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬
‫ﻀﻤ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬‫ﻴﺄﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻥ‬:
1(‫ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻨﻅﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺘﺴﻘﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻁﺭﻕ‬:
‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬‫ﻁﺭ‬‫ﻕ‬
‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻘﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻘﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻘﻴﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺯﺩﻭﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ‬‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺭﻭﻗﺔ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻷﻤﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺼﺤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁﺔ‬
‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺩﻤﺸﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺠﺩﺭﺍ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺄﺜﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺎﻜل‬ ‫ﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺒﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺸﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻭﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺠﺩﺭﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﻁﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺴﻠﻭﺏ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬]،‫ﺍﻟﻘﺤﻁﺎﻨﻲ‬
2009‫ﺹ‬ ،35،186،214[‫ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺌﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺼﻴل‬ ،‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠ‬‫ﻌﻘ‬‫ﻭﺩ‬‫ﻭﺍﻷ‬‫ﻋﻤﺩ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﻭﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﻤل‬ ‫ﻭﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ،
،‫ﺍﻷﺒﺭﺍﺝ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﻵﺠﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺨﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻋﺎﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺴﺎﻤﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬]‫ﺠﺭﺍﺒ‬‫ﺹ‬ ‫ﺎﺭ‬375-376[‫ﻓﻀﻼ‬ ،
‫ﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﻭﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺸﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﻘﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﻓﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺨﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻗﻁﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﻴﺤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻭﻤﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺭﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻭﺭﻨﺜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻭﺭﺍﻗﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﺯﻟﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﻤﺸﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺠﺩ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻜﺎﻨﺜﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺼﻔﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺩﺩ‬]،‫ﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬1970،
‫ﺹ‬196،212[.)‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬-5.(
2(‫ﻓﻀﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬:
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺸﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻏﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﺫﻜﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬
‫ﻜ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺫﺍ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﻤﺨﻁﻁ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻜل‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺄﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬‫ﻓﺭﺍﻏﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺝ‬)‫ﺍﻟﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬(‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻴﻁ‬
‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﺩﺭﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺸﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺴﻴﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﺭﺍﻏﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﺎﺒﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺒﻠﻴﺔ‬]،‫ﺍﻟﻘﺤﻁﺎﻨﻲ‬2009‫ﺹ‬ ،35-36[،
‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺨﻁﻁﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺄﺜﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺨﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺴﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻁ‬
‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻀﻠﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺌﺭﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻴﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻠﻌﻤﺎﺌﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺄﺜﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻭﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻤﺎﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﺄﺜﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺯﻨﻁﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻏﺭﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻤﺎﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ‬]،‫ﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬1970،
‫ﺹ‬184[.
3(‫ﻭﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬:
‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺴﺎﻤﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬‫ﺍﻟﺯﻴﻘﻭﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﻤﻠﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻭﺍﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺭﻭﻗﺔ‬ ،‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻅﻼﺕ‬
‫ﻗﺒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺘﺢ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻊ‬‫ﺴﻴﻜﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺒﻭﺭ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺴﻴﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻁﻘﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺇﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬]،‫ﺍﻟﻘﺤﻁﺎﻨﻲ‬2009‫ﺹ‬ ،36،142[،
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺒﻠﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ،‫ﻥ‬
،‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺄﺜﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺸﺒﻴﺔ‬

7. ‫ﺃﺒﺭﺍﺝ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﺸﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺍﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﺂﺫﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺄﺜﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺒﺩ‬]،‫ﺃﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬2009‫ﺹ‬ ،166،204-
207،209[‫ﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻴﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ،
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﺂﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻁﺭﺍﺯ‬ ،‫ﺇﻴﺭﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﺁﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺯﻨﻁﻲ‬ ‫ﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺼﻭﻓﻴﺎ‬]،‫ﺠﺭﺍﺒﺎﺭ‬1988،
‫ﺹ‬398[.
4(‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺯﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬:
‫ﺒﺎﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬
‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺯﻴﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻭﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ‬
‫ﺒﺸﻜ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ‬‫ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺯﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﻐﻁﻴﺔ‬ ،‫ﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ل‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺴﻁﻭﺡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺴﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻭﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻏﺭﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺴﻴﻔﺴﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻷﻟﻭﺍﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﻭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻭﺍﻀﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺸﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺭﺴﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺘﺤﺎﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻭﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻭﻡ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﻭﺍﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﺸﺨﻭﺹ‬
‫ﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﻨﺎﺌﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺴﻭﻡ‬‫ﻭﻗﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻨﻬﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻷﺸﺠﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺒﺭﺍﺝ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﺴﻭﺭ‬]،‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻁﺎﻨﻲ‬2002‫ﺹ‬ ،186-
246[‫ﻭﻤﺴﺠﺩ‬ ،‫ﺒﺩﻤﺸﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺯﻴﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺨﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻭ‬‫ﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻴﺔ‬‫ﻤ‬ ،‫ﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻭﺍﻜﻪ‬‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻤﺎﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻜﻴﻼﺕ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﻭﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﻴﺯﺍﻥ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻨﺩﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻭﺯ‬]،‫ﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬1970،
‫ﺹ‬223-224[‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ،
‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻁﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺯﻴﻴﻨﻴﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺘﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﻭﻤﺎﻨ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺸﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺞ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬‫ﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺸﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺯﻨﻁﻴﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍ‬ ،‫ﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻗﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﺍﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻨﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻓﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺕ‬]،‫ﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬
1970‫ﺹ‬ ،180،208-209[‫ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ،
‫ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺯﻫﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻨﻤﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺇﺯﻨﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺭﺍﻤﻴﻙ‬
‫ﻭﺜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻨﻔل‬ ‫ﺯﻫﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺸﺨﺎﺵ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬]،‫ﺃﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬2009‫ﺹ‬ ،170-172][،‫ﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬
1970‫ﺹ‬ ،290[‫ﻭﺍﺴﺘ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﻠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺸﺭﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﻘﻭﺵ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺠﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻨﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺘﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺌﺫﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺘﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺩﻟﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﺓ‬]،‫ﺃﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬2009‫ﺹ‬ ،182[،
‫ﻭﺃﺴﻠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻗﺤﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺯﻫﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺯﻴﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻀﺎﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻨﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻠﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ‬
‫ﺒﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﺄﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻜﺱ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺠﻴﻨﻎ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺴﺠﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺒﺩ‬،)‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬-3(،]،‫ﺃﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬
2009‫ﺹ‬ ،206-207[.
5(‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻀﺎﺀﺍﺕ‬:
‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻁﺏ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘﻔﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬‫ﺒﺒﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻁﺔ‬
،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻁﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻁ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻭﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﺠﺴﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺘﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻅﻬﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻜﺭﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﻭﺴﻜﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺘﺢ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺩﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺌﻲ‬]،‫ﺍﻟﻘﺤﻁﺎﻨﻲ‬2009‫ﺹ‬ ،140-
342[،‫ﻟﻠﺒﻭﺍﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻌﺎﻗﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﺸﺠﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺴﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻓﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻥ‬‫ﻤﺴﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻅﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺎﻥ‬]،‫ﺃﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬2009‫ﺹ‬ ،204-207[.
‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺴﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ‬
‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬)‫ﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ،‫ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻨﻅﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬
،‫ﻓﻀﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬‫ﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ،‫ﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬

8. ‫ﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺯﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻀﺎﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬.(
5-1-2:‫ﻨﻭﻉ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬)‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻭﻴﺭ‬(‫ﻟﻠﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬:
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬‫ﻟﺴ‬‫ﻤﺎﺕ‬
،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺘﺤﻭﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ‬)‫ﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺎﺕ‬(‫ﻟﻬﺫﻩ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻭﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺫﻩ‬‫ﻟﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﻼﺀﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬
‫ﻓﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬]،‫ﺠﺭﺒﺎﺭ‬
1988[‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻀﻤﻨﻴ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺭﺡ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺎﺼﻴل‬ ‫ﻜﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺕ‬
‫ﻗﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻤﺎﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﻨﺸﺄﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬]،‫ﺠﺭﺍﺒﺎﺭ‬
1988‫ﺹ‬ ،375[‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺠﻭﻋﺔ‬ ،
‫ﻟﻤﻭﺍﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺩﻴﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺠﺭﻴﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻘﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺯﺩﻭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻟﻌﻘﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺃﻭ‬ ،‫ﻗﺭﻁﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺼﺼﺔ‬
‫ﺠﺎﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺠﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺨﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻋﺎﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺴﺎﻤﺭﺍﺀ‬]،‫ﺠﺭﺍﺒﺎﺭ‬1988‫ﺹ‬ ،376[.‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎ‬
)،‫ﺍﻟﻘﺤﻁﺎﻨﻲ‬2009(‫ﻜﺎﻤﻼ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻼ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﺭﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻭل‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬Transformation
‫ﺨﻀﻌﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺸﻤل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬‫ﺘﺤﻭل‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻜﻤﺜﺎل‬ ‫ﺩﻤﺸﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺭﺡ‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻭل‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺍﻨﻁﻼﻗ‬‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻤﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻌﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺼﺼﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬
‫ﻟﺠﺎﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺤﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺯﻨﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺘﺤﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭﺍﻨﺘﻬﺎﺀ‬ ،‫ﺇﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬‫ﺃﺼﻐﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺕ‬
‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﻀﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﺯﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺴﻴﻔﺴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻀﺢ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﺤﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺯﻨﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻴﻘﻭﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬
‫ﺠﺒﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺎﻅﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﻨﻬﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩﺍﺌﻕ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻔﻬﺎ‬]،‫ﺍﻟﻘﺤﻁﺎﻨﻲ‬2009،
‫ﺹ‬186[‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬ ،)،‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻁﺎﻨﻲ‬
2002(‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺓ‬)‫ﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬(‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﺩﻴﺜﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺒﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺌﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻭﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺭﺩﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﻀﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬)‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻼﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﺯﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻀﺤﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗﺎﻟﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤﺄﻟﻭﻓ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻴﻴﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻤﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺔ‬(‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻏﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬
،‫ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻨﻭﻉ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬
‫ﺃﻟﺘﺯﻴﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻨﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻜﺜﻴﻑ‬]،‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻁﺎﻨﻲ‬2002،
‫ﺹ‬241[.
5-1-3:‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺅﺩﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻅﺎﺌﻑ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬:
‫ﺘﻨﺎﻭﻟﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻀﻭﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬‫ﻭﺘﻭﻀﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺒﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﺅﺩﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻅﺎﺌﻑ‬
‫ﻴﺄﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻅﺎﺌﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ‬:
1(‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺨﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺠﺎﻨﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻅﺎﺌﻑ‬:
‫ﺘﺫﻜﺭ‬‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬‫ﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻜﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ‬‫ﻡ‬‫ﻤﺨﻁﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻔﻠﺔ‬‫ﺒﺩﻭﻥ‬‫ﻓﻨﺎ‬‫ﺀ‬)‫ﺼﺤﻥ‬(‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺩﺓ‬]،‫ﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬1970‫ﺹ‬ ،288[‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬ ،
‫ﺘﺴﻘﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻠﻭﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻭﻑ‬
‫ﺘﺯﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻨﺩﻟﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻐﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻭﺁﺴﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺘﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﺼل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻤﻁﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨﺴﺒﻴ‬]،‫ﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬1970‫ﺹ‬ ،286[‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘ‬ ‫ﺇﺤﺩﺍﺙ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺴﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺕ‬

9. ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻐﻁﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺨﻭل‬.
2(‫ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺠﺎﻨﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻅﺎﺌﻑ‬:
‫ﻴﺭﺩ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﺒﺘﻔﺼﻴﻼﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺄﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬‫ﻁﺭ‬‫ﻕ‬‫ﺘﺴﻘﻴﻑ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺤﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻘﻑ‬‫ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﻠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ،
‫ﻜﺎﻟﻁﻭﺏ‬]،‫ﺍﻟﻘﺤﻁﺎﻨﻲ‬2009‫ﺹ‬ ،35[‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﻕ‬‫ﻴﺸﺎﺭ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺨﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻨﺼﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﻐﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺎﻨﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻁﻨﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺢ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻘﻴﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﺭ‬‫ﺁﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﻁﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺴﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻬﺩﻑ‬ ‫ﺼﻭﻓﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻁﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺼﻠﻰ‬]،‫ﺠﺭﺍﺒﺎﺭ‬1988،
‫ﺹ‬398[.
3(‫ﺍﻟﺘﺯﻴﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺠﺎﻨﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻅﺎﺌﻑ‬:
‫ﺘﻁﺭﺡ‬‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻜﺎﻷﺴﻠﻭ‬ ،‫ﻟﻠﺠﺎﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺯﻴﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬‫ﺏ‬‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺠﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ‬‫ﺓ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺩﻟﻬﻲ‬]،‫ﺃﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬2009‫ﺹ‬ ،182[‫ﺘﺯﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺴﻠﻭﺏ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺎﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺸﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺄﺜﺭﺓ‬]،‫ﺃﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬
2009‫ﺹ‬ ،204-207[‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺴﻁﻭﺡ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺯﻴﻴﻥ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺌﻴ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﺴﻴﻔﺴﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻷﻟﻭﺍﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻭﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻏﺭﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺘﺘﺤﺎﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻭﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﻀﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺤﻴﻭﺍﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﺸﺨﻭﺹ‬ ‫ﺭﺴﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻷﺸﺠﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﻨﺎﺌﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺴﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺒﺭﺍﺝ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﺴﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻨﻬﺎﺭ‬]،‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻁﺎﻨﻲ‬
2002‫ﺹ‬ ،186-246[.
4(‫ﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻅﺎﺌﻑ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻻﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻤﺯﻱ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺠﺎﻨﺏ‬:
‫ﺘﺸﻴﺭ‬‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬‫ﻜﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻻﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻤﺯﻴﺔ‬
)‫ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ‬(‫ﻭﺘﻤﺎﺜﻴل‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻭﺵ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻤﺜ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺴﻁﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﺍﻨﺎﺕ‬)‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻨﺢ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻟﺘﻨﻴﻥ‬(‫ﻗﺎﺭﻋﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺎﺏ‬)‫ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺭ‬/‫ﺸﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺠﻨﻭﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻨﺎﻀﻭل‬(‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫ‬‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﻤﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﻭﺙ‬]،‫ﺃﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬2009،
‫ﺹ‬156[‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻔﻜﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻴﺤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬ ،
‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻴﺭﺍﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺸﺠﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺨﻀﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻠﻭﻨﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺯﺍﺌﻴﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻹﻏﺭﺍﻕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺯﺭﻕ‬]Hillenbrand, 1994, p22[‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ،
‫ﻨﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﺩﻻﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ‬
)‫ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻀﻔﺎﺀ‬(‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﺭﻓﻊ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬‫ﺃﺭﻀﻴﺔ‬)‫ﺒﻭﺴﻜﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺘﺢ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻊ‬(
‫ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺩﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺠﻡ‬
‫ﻜﺎﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻭﺍﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺇﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻁﻘﻭﺱ‬]،‫ﺍﻟﻘﺤﻁﺎﻨﻲ‬
2009‫ﺹ‬ ،142[،‫ﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬‫ﺸﻜل‬‫ﺠﺎﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﻤﺭﺍﺀ‬‫ﺍﻟﺯﻴﻘﻭﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﻤﻠﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟ‬ ،‫ﺘﺩﺭﺝ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬‫ﻔﺭﺍﻏﻲ‬)‫ﺍﻟﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬(‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺍﻤﻊ‬)‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻜل‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻊ‬(
‫ﻭﺍﻟ‬‫ﺍﻷﺸﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺴﻴﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﺭﺍﻏﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﺎﺒﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺒﻠﻴﺔ‬]،‫ﺍﻟﻘﺤﻁﺎﻨﻲ‬2009‫ﺹ‬ ،35-36[.
5-1-4:‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺃﺒﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ‬:
‫ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻀﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﺅﺩﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻭﻅﺎﺌﻑ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻀﺢ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺅﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻤل‬‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﺎﻴﺔ‬

10. ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﺘﺼﻨﻴﻔﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻌﺎﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻀﻭﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻭﻀﻴﺤﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬•
‫ﻴﺄﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﻤﺎ‬ ،:
1(‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻱ‬
2(‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺠﻬﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻱ‬
3(‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻱ‬‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬
4(‫ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻘﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺼﻴل‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺘﻨﺎﻭﻟﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻔﺭﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻀﻴﺢ‬
‫ﺃﺒﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﺭﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﻁﻁ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﺽ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻲ‬‫ﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬
)‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬-7.(
5-2:‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬)‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬:(
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼل‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺭﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺩﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻼﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻴـﺄﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻤل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬:
5-2-1:‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬:
‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘﺭﺍﺜ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺘﻠﻜﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺤﻀﺎﺭﻴ‬‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﺴﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻤﺭﺍﻨﻴ‬
‫ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺩﺨﻭﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ‬
‫ﺤﻤﻠﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺼﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻐﺽ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻀﻭﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ ،‫ﻹﻨﺸﺎﺌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬
•
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﰲ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ‬
‫ﻛ‬ ،‫ﺍﻻﻃﻼﻉ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺰﻳﺪ‬‫ﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬Argan]Argan,1963,
p244[‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻓﺮﺍﻧﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬]Frankl,1968, p158[،
‫ﻭ‬‫ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬Baker]Baker,1996, p75-26[.
‫ﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ‬
‫ﻜﺎﻵﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻬل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ،)8(:
1-‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻟﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺠﺎﻭﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﻓﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻼﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺸﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬/‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﻤﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻊ‬.
2-‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺠﺎﻭﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻼﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭﺍﻨﻲ‬‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬)،‫ﺭﻭﻤﺎﻨﻲ‬ ،‫ﺇﻏﺭﻴﻘﻲ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻁﻲ‬ ،‫ﺒﻴﺯﻨﻁﻲ‬/(‫ﺩﻤﺸﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻊ‬.
3-،‫ﻓﺎﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﺒﻼﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬)‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺘﻴﻥ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺨﻤﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬/(‫ﺃﺼﻔﻬﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺠﺩ‬.
4-‫ﻭﻤﺠﺎﻭﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺸﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬/
‫ﺩﻟﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺠﺩ‬.
5-‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭﺍﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﻨﺎﻀﻭل‬ ‫ﺒﻼﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺯﻨﻁﻲ‬/‫ﺍﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺠﺩ‬‫ﺍﺴﻁﻨﺒﻭل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻠﻴﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬.
5-2-1:‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﺭﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻲ‬:
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻀﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜل‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﻉ‬‫ﻨﻭﻉ‬‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺨﻀﻌﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬
‫ﺘﺅﺩﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻅﺎﺌﻑ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺴﺠﻴل‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﻩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺩﺕ‬
‫ﻁﺭﺤﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻼﺤﻅﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬
،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺎﻭﻟﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬
)‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﺍﻭل‬‫ﻗﻡ‬1،2،3،4،5(‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻻﺴﺘﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬.
5-3:‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻠﻴل‬:
‫ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻭﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﻬﺩﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻅﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺎﺼﻴل‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺸﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬

11. ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺌﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻠﻴل‬
‫ﻻﺤﺘﻤﺎﻻﺕ‬‫ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻔﺭﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺘﻨﻁﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻨﻤﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻁ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺨﺼﻭﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻔﺭﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﺤﺘﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻟﻜل‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺅﺸﺭ‬
،‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬)‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل‬-6(‫ﻭﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﺄﺘﻲ‬:
5-3-1:‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﺭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬
‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻁﺭﻕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬:
‫ﻴﻅﻬﺭ‬)‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل‬-6(‫ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﺯﺩﻴﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻘﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬‫ﻨﺴﺒﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻠﻐﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺫ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﻱ‬
)38.2(%‫ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﺘﻬﺎ‬ ،
‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺯﻴﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬)26.2(%‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ،
‫ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ‬
)21.4(‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬)7.1(،‫ﻭﺃﺨﻴﺭﺍ‬‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬‫ﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬)7.1.(
5-3-2:‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﺭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬)‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻭﻴﺭ‬(
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬:
‫ﻭ‬‫ﻴﺒﻴﻥ‬)‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل‬-6(‫ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ‬‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ‬)‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻭﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬(‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬)71.4(%‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬)‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻭﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﻭﻥ‬(
‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺫﻩ‬)28.6.(
5-3-3:‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻅﺎﺌﻑ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﺭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺅﺩﻴﻬﺎ‬:
‫ﺃﺒﺭﺯ‬)‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل‬-6(‫ﺍﻟﻭﻅﺎﺌﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍﺯﺩﻴﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺃﺒﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺅﺩﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﻅﺎﺌﻑ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻠﻐﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺫ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ‬)40(%،
‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺯﻴﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻅﺎﺌﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﺘﻬﺎ‬)28(%‫ﺜﻡ‬ ،
‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻻﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻤﺯﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻅﺎﺌﻑ‬)22(%‫ﻭﺃ‬ ،‫ﺨﻴﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺨﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺠﺎﻨﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻅﺎﺌﻑ‬
)10.(%
5-3-4:‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﺭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬:
‫ﻭﻀﺢ‬)‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل‬-6(‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺯﺩﻴﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺠﻬﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺒﻠﻐﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺫ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬‫ﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬)46.6(%‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻴﻠﻴﻪ‬ ،
‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻭﻑ‬
)25.9(%،‫ﺜﻡ‬‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻭﻴﺔ‬‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬)13.75(%،‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭﺃﺨﻴﺭ‬‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻁﺎﺕ‬)13.75.(%
6-‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻨﺘﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬:
‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻨﺘﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬
‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻜل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬‫ﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬ ،‫ﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺒﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻨﺘﺎﺠﺎ‬‫ﺕ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬‫ﻴﺄﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬:
1-‫ﻤﻔﺭﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﻠﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺃﺒﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎ‬‫ﻴﺄﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜﻠﺕ‬ ‫ﺠﺩ‬:
‫ﺃ‬-‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻨﻴﺔ‬:
‫ﺒﺄﻨﻅﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺄﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ،‫ﺘﺴﻘﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭ‬
‫ﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ،‫ﻓﻀﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ،‫ﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻠ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺯﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ‬‫ﺒﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻀﺎﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬.(
‫ﺏ‬-‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬)‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻭﻴﺭ‬(‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬: