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HISTORY OF COMPUTING
Start of Mankind
• Human Brain
• Human brain served as earliest computers
300 B.C
• Chinese
• The abacus
• Its only value is that it aids the memory of the human performing the
calculation.
1617
• John Napier
• Napier's Bones
• The logarithm values were carved on ivory sticks.
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1632
• English Man
• Slide rule
1623
• Wilhelm Schickard
• Calculating clock
• The first gear-driven calculating machine .
1642
• Blaise Pascal
• Pascaline
• gear-driven one-function calculator (it could only add).
Few years after Pascal
• Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
• Stepped Reckoner
• Built a four-function (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division) calculator .
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1801
• Joseph Marie Jacquard
• Punched cards
• A power loom that could base its weave (and hence the design on the fabric) upon
a pattern automatically read from punched wooden cards.
1822
• Charles Babbage
• Difference Engine
• This machine would be able to compute tables of numbers, such as logarithm
tables.
1832
• Charles Babbage
• Analytic Engine
• It would be programmable.
1890
• Herman Hollerith
• Hollerith desk
• A gear driven mechanism which could count and a large wall of dial indicators to
display the results of the count.
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• Hollerith
• Tabulating Machine Company
• After a few buyouts, eventually became International Business Machines, known
today as IBM.
1936
• Konrad Zuse
• Z1 Computer
• First freely programmable computer.
1942
• John Atanasoff & Clifford Berry
• ABC Computer
• Who was first in the computing biz is not always as easy as ABC.
1944
• Howard Aiken & Grace Hopper
• Harvard Mark I Computer
• The Harvard Mark 1 computer.
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1948
• Frederic Williams & Tom Kilburn
• Manchester Baby Computer & The Williams Tube
• Baby and the Williams Tube turn on the memories.
1951
• John Presper Eckert & John W. Mauchly
• UNIVAC Computer
• First commercial computer & able to pick presidential winners.
1953
• International Business Machines
• IBM 701 EDPM Computer
• IBM enters into 'The History of Computers'.
1954
• John Backus & IBM
• FORTRAN Computer Programming Language
• The first successful high level programming language.
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1974/75
• Scelbi & Mark
• Scelbi & Mark-8 Altair & IBM 5100 Computers
• The first consumer computers.
1979
• Seymour Rubenstein & Rob Barnaby
• WordStar Software
• Word Processors.
1981
• IBM
• The IBM PC - Home Computer
• From an "Acorn" grows a personal computer revolution
1981
• Microsoft
• MS-DOS Computer Operating System
• From "Quick And Dirty" comes the operating system of the century.
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1983
• Apple
• Apple Lisa Computer
• The first home computer with a GUI, graphical user interface.
1984
• Apple Macintosh Computer
• The more affordable home computer with a GUI.
1985
• Microsoft Windows
• Microsoft begins the friendly war with Apple.
1987
• Microsoft and IBM
• OS/2 1.0.
• Operate with Intel Corp.'s microprocessors, OS/2 was originally a 16-bit
operating system that was designed to work with 286 processors
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1989
• Intel
• 486DX processor
• More than 1 million transistors and multitasking capabilities.
1991
• Linus Torvald
• Linux
• Operating system for 386(486) AT clones
1993
• Microsoft
• Windows NT, Microsoft Office 4.0 and MS-DOS 6.0.
1993
• Intel
• Pentium Processor
• The processor is a 60 MHz processor, incorporates 3.2 million transistors
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1997
• Intel
• Pentium II 233MHz
• This allowed the chip to be easily added and removed.
1999
• Intel
• Pentium III 500 MHz
• Helped to authenticate peoples' purchases over the Internet.
2001
• Apple
• Mac OS X 10.0
2001
• Microsoft
• Microsoft Windows XP home and professional editions
• New interface - a completely new look and ability to change the look. New
interface - a completely new look and ability to change the look.
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2006
• Intel
• Core 2 Extreme
• Has a higher clock speed and much more capabilities to be overclocked.
2007
• Microsoft
• Microsoft Windows Vista and Office 2007
2007
• Apple
• Apple iPhone
• A mobile handset from Linksys who's a subsidiary of Cisco.
2007
• Intel
• Intel® Itanium® Processor 9000 Sequence
• Configuration in systems of as many as 512 processors and a full petabyte (1024TB)
of RAM. Together with full support for both 32-bit and 64-bit applications.
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