Anti counterfeit products detection and analysis.Use new technique this proposal was use for training Dubai mincipility operation staff on 31_05-2022 to 01_06_2022
2. Trainer Profile:
• Dr:Khalid Suliman Osman
• K.adam@moi.gov.ae
• - Senior Forensic Technician (UAE Ministry of interior ).
• - Master’s pharmacy (Drug Manufacturing & Quality
Control) & MBA.
• - Crime Counterfeiting products Analysis- Expert.
• - American Board of pharmacy Specialties licence –
USA.
• UAE Ministry of Health Pharmacist License.
• 25 Treaning ( NATIONAL INSTETUTE OF JUSTICE)-USA
• - Cooperation with Sharjah International Airport
Authority in detection of counterfeited products.
• Expo 2020 Dubai -Site Operation Manager,
• - Other information’s and certifications of the tutor
are supported in the attached CV.
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3. Course Outlines
• Introduction about the importance of counterfeit
product detection & prevention.
• Explain the various consequences of products
counterfeit.
• Relevant terminologies regarding products counterfeit.
• Types of products counterfeiting.
• Classification of falsified.
• List of possible counterfeited products.
• Physical detection of the counterfeited consumer
products overview.
• Physical techniques used for counterfeit detection
during field inspection.
• Filed inspection schemes for product counterfeit
detection.
• Gap analysis
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5. Counterfeit Definition
• Counterfeiting is the manufacture, import,
export, distribution, and sale of consumer
goods that are not genuine but are
designed and branded to look identical to
the authentic products in order to deceive
consumers into believing that they are
authentic.
Keyword -Fakeness
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6. How to identify fakes and other IPR
infringing goods
• Examine the quality of the product. ...
• Be wary of unusually low prices. ...
• Inspect the packaging carefully. ...
• Check if logos and trademarks are displayed
correctly
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The term "counterfeit
In General: counterfeit is Intellectual Property (IP)
Theft? Counterfeiting is a crime involving the theft
of someone’s trademark.
Pharmaceutical Counterfeiting (WHO & FDA):
"counterfeit Drugs " means a “a Drug in which is
deliberately and fraudulently mislabeled with
respect to identity in the container or labeling or
packaging without authorization, in the
trademark, trade name, or other identifying mark,
of a drug manufacturer, processor and distributor
other than the person who in fact manufactured.
13. GENERAL DISCUSSION
• Product profile
• Weight variation
• GLB (QC)
• IPR
• International Counterfeit Acts
• Crime Counterfeit evidence products
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There are two types of fake medicines: products that
made like genuine medicines, and products that make
false claims about their ingredients.
A counterfeit medicine could have:
• No active ingredient
• Substandard ingredients
• Undeclared ingredients
• Illegal or dangerous ingredients
• Incorrect dosage (too much, too little or variation in
dose across tablets)
• Contaminants from unhygienic manufacture.
What is a counterfeit medicine?
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Types of Products Counterfeit
• Foods & Beverage: (International Adulteration
of foods with cheapest ingredients for Economic
gain), (Narcotic Bread eg- Poppy seed),
Presenter Tests Positive for Opiates after eating it.
• Pharmaceuticals: (Packaging- Ingredients-
Storage condition Cosmetics & Preservatives)
Example: Pfizer® (Viagra- Plavix- zyprexa).
• Toys: Illicit toys mislead consumers
include counterfeit products, which mislead
consumers to believe they are genuine products.
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Types of Products Counterfeit
• Apparel &Accessories: Examples: (Sport Items-
Rolex Watches).
• Cigarettes & Wine: (Special logo)
• Media: (Computers- DVDs- Antivirus etc).
• Electronics: Mobiles- and etc.
• Automotive: Examples: Scooters-Speare parts.
• Chemical Pesticides:
• Others: Sun glasses- Handbags- Watches, etc
20. Classification of Falsified Products
One way to classify falsified Products is to assign
categories based on the sophistication of the fake. This is
an example of such categorization.
•
Category 1: Completely fraudulent products with
unknown contents and therapeutic effects significantly
different from the genuine Products (drugs).
•
Look somewhat similar to the Products
:
2
Category
(drugs) being imitated, but the Products (drugs)
composition is not known.
•
Look very similar or identical to the
:
3
Category
but contain an entirely different
genuine product
Products (drugs).
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21. Classification of Falsified Products
•
Category 4: Look very similar or identical to the
contain an alternative Products
actual product but
providing similar
(drugs) or synthetic analogue
to that of the authentic product;
therapeutic value
intended to create repeat business.
•
Visually identical, highly
:
5
Category
or synthetic analogues with
sophisticated copies
some therapeutic value that cannot be detected
using most field and laboratory methods.
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23. Overview of Detection, Screening,
and Analytical Techniques
The main categories of techniques for consumer
products analysis can be broken down as follows:
•
visual inspection of product and packaging;
•
such as
tests for physical properties
disintegration, reflectance spectroscopy, and
refractive index;
•
chemical tests including colorimetry and
dissolution; chromatography; spectroscopic
techniques; and mass spectrometry.
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24. Overview of Detection, Screening,
and Analytical Techniques
Within each of these categories, some
use in the field
technologies are appropriate for
with minimal training, while others require
equipment and a high level of
sophisticated lab
technical expertise.
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40. Visual Inspection and Package
Technologies
• An expert can identify some consumer product
quality problems by sight. Therefore, visual
inspection of a product and its packaging by
someone who knows the properties of the
authentic product or is able to compare the
sample to the authentic product is the standard
first step in any Products (drugs) quality
analysis
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41. Visual Inspection and Package
Technologies
• These visual inspections provide qualitative
data about products identities. Differences
from the authentic materials in colour, size,
shape, products quality, and packaging indicate
a possible falsified or substandard product.
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42. Visual Inspection and Package
Technologies
• These differences range from subtle to
obvious. An educated consumer could
probably identify a very-poor-quality fake,
such as a pill of entirely the wrong color or
shape, if they knew some properties of the
authentic product, but even experts struggle to
recognize more subtle inconsistencies.
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43. Visual Inspection and Package
Technologies
• The Global Pharma Health Fund's Minilab
toolkit promotes visual inspection as the first
step to identifying falsified and substandard
Products (drugs)s but admits that this is
challenging even for experts. In recent years,
criminals have produced very accurate
reproductions of legitimate packaging. And,
poor-quality products can sometimes be
hidden in legitimate packaging .
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44. Visual Inspection and Package
Technologies
• Visual inspection of a product can yield useful
information, however. Some substandard Products
(drugs)s are of visibly low quality. Tablets that are
cracked or falling apart are products of poor
manufacturing practices.
• Falsified products packaging may have missing or
misplaced expiry dates, lack instructions or
manufacturing information, not have a batch
number, or differ from the genuine packaging in
many other ways.
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45. Expiry date
• Placement
• Ink (types of faked inks)
• Missing or not.
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46. Visual Inspection and Package
Technologies
• Sometimes poorly written instructions and
spelling errors expose fake Products; poor-
quality inks may dissolve in water .
• Similarly, the Products (drugs) may be the
wrong color, size, or shape, have the wrong
markings on them, have a different coating or
texture, or be otherwise different from what is
expected.
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47. Visual Inspection and Package
Technologies
•
Sometimes the differences are obvious: fake
Viagra seized in Hungary was pink instead of
the well-known blue color of the genuine
product. Further analysis revealed that the
tablets contained 15 milligrams of
amphetamine instead of the correct active
ingredient.
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48. Visual Inspection and Package
Technologies
•
Visual inspections are often unreliable because
substandard and falsified Products (drugs)s
and their packaging often appear identical or
very similar to the genuine products.
•
Criminals have copied holograms, barcodes,
packaging styles, and tablet colors and
markings with astonishing accuracy.
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49. Visual Inspection and Package
Technologies
•
Microscopic packaging analysis can identify some of these
very careful copies. Under magnification, fine differences in
printing, imprints, and alignment become clear.
•
The next picture shows a high-magnification comparison of
the lettering on a legitimate and fake blister pack. As this
illustration suggests, visual inspection alone is not adequate
to test for Products (drugs) quality.
•
Though a trained inspector can draw conclusions about
Products (drugs) quality by visual inspection, physical
analysis is generally a more reliable way to identify fakes.
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50. Visual Inspection and Package
Technologies
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51. Country of Origin
•
The country of origin must be visibly printed on the
product and packaging. For example, products
manufactured in Vietnam should be labeled as ‘Made
in Vietnam.
•
Note that you are not allowed to transship a product to
a third country for relabelling. The same applies to
repackaging or minor adjustments made for the sake
of claiming that a certain product was manufactured in
a different country.
Examples
•
Made in China
•
Made in Vietnam
•
Made in the United States
•
Made in Germany
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53. CPSIA Tracking Label
•
Toys and other children’s products imported or
manufactured in the United States must carry a
permanent CPSIA tracking label.
•
Manufacturer name
•
US address
•
US phone number
•
Website
•
Date of production
•
Production location
•
Batch number
The purpose of the tracking label is to ensure that
non-compliant and unsafe products can be identified
and returned back to the seller.
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55. Requirements for infant swings
•
Infant swings are subject to surface coating
requirements, lead and phthalate content limits,
third party testing and certification, registration
cards, and tracking label requirements.
•
Infant swings must not be
:
Surface Coating Limit
painted with paint that contains more than 90 ppm
(0.009 percent) lead.
•
Infant swings must not
:
Lead Content Limit
contain greater than 100 ppm (0.01 percent) of
total lead content in any accessible component
part.
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56. Requirements for infant swings
•
If an infant swing is
:
Phthalate Content Limits
marketed to facilitate sleep or contains a toy
intended to be used and attached to the swing,
then plasticized components of infant swings must
not contain more than 0.1 percent of the following
eight specified phthalates: di-(2-ethylhexyl)
phthalate (DEHP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), or
benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), diisononyl phthalate
(DINP), diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP), di-n-pentyl
phthalate (DPENP), di-n-hexyl phthalate (DHEXP),
and dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP).
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57. Batch number
•
What is a Batch number?
•
The batch number identifies the production
run, manufacturing facility, and country.
•
Example: SKU-YYMM-01-CN
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58. Difference between batch number &
serial number
• serial number is a unique identifier given to a
specific individual item or product.
• Batch number identifies a group of items or
components created from a particular
production run.
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59. Choking Hazards Warning
•
CPSIA Choking Hazard Warnings
•
Choking hazard warning labels are
mandatory as part of CPSIA.
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60. Choking Hazard Warnings
•
WARNING: CHOKING HAZARD – Small parts
Not for children under 3 years.
•
WARNING: CHOKING HAZARD – This toy is a
small ball.
Not for children under 3 years.
•
WARNING: CHOKING HAZARD -Toy contains a
small ball.
Not for children under 3 years.
•
WARNING: CHOKING HAZARD – Children under 8
years can choke or suffocate on uninflated or
broken balloons.
Adult supervision required.
Keep uninflated balloons from children.
Discard broken balloons at once.
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61. CHOKING HAZARD
• WARNING: CHOKING HAZARD – This
toy is a marble.
Not for children under 3 years.
• WARNING: CHOKING HAZARD – Toy
contains a marble
Not for children under 3 years.
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64. FCC Labelling Requirements
•
The FCC (Federal communications
Commission) compliance mark signals to
the consumer that the electronic product is
compliant with all applicable FCC
regulations, concerning electromagnetic
interference. The FCC compliance mark
should either be permanently affixed on
the product or the manual – assuming the
product itself is too small for the FCC
mark.
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65. UL Mark
•
The Underwriter Laboratories (UL) symbol
indicates that the product is either
manufactured by a UL listed supplier or
that that the product has passed the UL
testing and certification process. As such,
you cannot affix the UL mark to a product
that is purchased from a non-UL listed
supplier or has not passed their testing
procedure.
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66. UL Mark
UL Marks
•
UL Listed
•
UL Certified
UL Standards Examples
•
UL 1642 – Standard for Lithium Batteries
•
UL 20 – General-Use Snap Switches
•
UL 2595 – General Requirements for Battery-Powered
Appliances
•
UL 2089 – Standard for Vehicle Battery Adapters
•
UL 1740 – Standard for Robots and Robotic Equipment
•
UL 879A – Standard for LED Sign and Sign Retrofit Kits
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67. CE Marking
Discuss in groups the available markings
for electronic & electrical equipment's
taking into account the CE marking.
•
CE stand for = Conformity Europe
•
CE mean that the product complies with
environmental, safety and health
requirements.
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69. The Federal Hazardous
Substances Act
• The Federal Hazardous Substances Act
(FHSA) requires that certain types of toxic
and hazardous household products, such
as strong carry storage instruction and
general safety labels. Note that FHSA is
applicable to all household products that
fall within any of the following
classifications:
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70. The Federal Hazardous
Substances Act
•
Toxic
•
Corrosive
•
Flammable
•
Combustible
•
Irritant
•
Strong sensitizer
FHSA product examples
•
Cleaning products
•
Cosmetics
•
Art materials
•
Charcoal
•
Chemistry sets
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71. FHSA label information
•
Manufacturer or seller identity
•
Address
•
Hazardous ingredients
•
Signal word: Danger, Poison, Caution and/or
Warning (depending on the classification)
•
Hazard (e.g. Flammable, Causes burns etc)
•
Precautionary safety statement/instructions
•
First aid treatment information
•
Information about storage or handling
•
The statement “Keep out of the reach of
children”
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72. Why your product may need
more than one label
•
It’s often the case that more than one label is
applicable to a certain product. Textiles, for
example, must both have the textiles label,
which includes both the fiber composition and
ASTM care symbols – and the country of
origin.
•
Another example is electronic toys, which
may need to carry the following labels:
- CPSIA tracking label
- FCC symbol
- Country of origin
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109. Product Packaging Inspection
• The visual packaging inspection inspects a
wide variety of packaging types,
packaging materials and coatings. The
visual inspection should focus on possible
defect types such as cracks, or misprints
are detected, classified and localized in
real time.
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110. Product Packaging Inspection
• Detection of different types of defects (missing
pieces, dents, scratches, geometric deviations,
missing contents)
• Detection of printing errors
• Wide variety of materials, colours and surfaces
• Real-time defect detection during production
• Classification of defects
• Localization of defects
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111. Special Packaging, Cans, Bottles
• The visual inspection should also focus on
the special packaging types, such as cans
or bottles, which our solutions inspect
reliably and in real time for various
defects.
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113. How visual inspection ensures your
products meet industry standards
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•The goal of a visual inspection is to find anything that
might be wrong with the asset which could require
maintenance.
•To ensure that the part, material, or component
confirms the established standard.
•The main objective of inspection is to meet customer
requirements, wants, and needs.
114. Visual Inspection
The graphical representation displays the 14
most common labelling and packaging defects
encountered which could result in a costly
product recall if left unaddressed. The defects
can be categorized into 5 main areas:
• Package integrity
• Code reading problems
• Labelling errors
• Fill levels
• Package forming
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118. What is a
cosmetic?
• A cosmetic is a
product, except soap,
intended to be
applied to the human
body for cleansing,
beautifying,
promoting
attractiveness, or
altering the
appearance.
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119. Cosmetics
Labelling
Labelling may be considered
misleading not only because a
label statement is deceptive
but also because a material
fact is not revealed on a label.
A fact may be material in light
of a statement made on a label
or because certain
consequences may result from
the recommended use of a
product.
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120. When is a cosmetic also a
Products (drugs)?
•
A cosmetic is also a Products (drugs) when it is intended
to cleanse, beautify or promote attractiveness as well as
treat or prevent disease or otherwise affect the structure or
any function of the human body.
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121. When is a cosmetic also a
Products (drugs)?
•
A cosmetic is legally also a Products (drugs) if it is
intended to exert a physical as well as a physiological
effect because the FD&C Act defines in section 201(g) the
term "Products (drugs)" to mean, among other things,
"articles intended for use in the ... cure, mitigation,
treatment, or prevention of disease ... and ... articles ...
intended to affect the structure or any function of the body
..."
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122. Package
• A container or wrapping, other than a
shipping container or wrapping, in which a
consumer commodity is delivered or
displayed to retail purchasers.
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123. Package
• The term package is defined in the Fair Packaging and
Labelling Act [sec. 10(b)] and the Code of Federal
Regulations [21 CFR 1.20].
• Essentially, the "package" is the outer container of a
product as, for example, a box or folding carton.
However, the "package" can also be the immediate
container, e.g., bottle, jar or aerosol can that holds the
product if the immediate container is not displayed in
a box or folding carton.
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124. Label
•
A written, printed or graphic display of
information...
- on the container of a cosmetic
•
affixed to or appearing on a package
containing a consumer commodity
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125. Labelling
•
All labels and other written, printed or
graphic material on or accompanying a
product in interstate commerce or held for
sale.
•
This includes labels, inserts, risers, display
packs, leaflets, promotional literature or
any other written or printed information
distributed with a product.
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126. Principal Display Panel (PDP)
•
The part of a label that the consumer sees
or examines when displayed for retail sale.
•
A label may consist of more than one
panel. It may consist of a front panel, side
panels and a back panel. Back and side
panels are generally called information
panels.
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127. Principal Display Panel (PDP)
•
The FP&L Act also defines for consumer
commodities, or packages containing a
consumer commodity, the term "principal
display panel," otherwise known for short as
PDP.
•
The "principal display panel" is that part of a
panel that is most likely to be shown or
examined under customary conditions of
display for retail sale. Usually, it is the front
panel of the label of the outer package.
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137. Important Definitions
• Name of the cosmetic product means the name given
to a cosmetic product, which may be an invented
name, together with a trade mark or the name of the
manufacturer;
• Immediate packaging means the container or other
form of packaging immediately in contact with the
cosmetic product;
• Outer packaging means the packaging into which is
placed the immediate packaging;
• Labelling means information written or printed or
graphic matter on the immediate or outer packaging
and any form of leaflets;
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139. Tamper-Resistant Packaging
• Liquid oral hygiene products (e.g.,
mouthwashes, fresheners) and all cosmetic
products (e.g., douches, tablets supplements)
must be packaged in tamper-resistant
packages when sold at retail.
• A package is considered tamper resistant if it
has an indicator or barrier to entry (e.g.,
shrink or tape seal, sealed carton, tube or
pouch, aerosol container) which, if breached
or missing, alerts a consumer that tampering
has occurred.
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140. Tamper-Resistant Packaging
• The indicator must be distinctive by design (breakable
cap, blister) or appearance (logo, vignette, other
illustration) to preclude substitution.
• The tamper-resistant feature may involve the immediate
or outer container or both.
• The package must also bear a prominently placed
statement alerting the consumer to the tamper-resistant
feature.
• This statement must remain unaffected if the tamper-
resistant feature is breached or missing
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What Is Tamper Evident Packaging?
Tamper evident food packaging is designed with special
closures that make it apparent if the container has been
opened, unsealed, or broken.
Types of Tamper Evident Packaging
There are different types of tamper evident food containers for
restaurants on the market
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Tamper Evidence Labels
Tamper evident labels can be
used on any takeout container,
making it easy to pair them with
the packaging you already have
in stock. Once a label is placed
over a package, it can’t be
unsealed without leaving visible
evidence of tampering.
tamper evident bags protect
food containers as well as other
items like condiments, napkins,
and plastic cutlery
Tamper Evident Tape
144. INFORMATION ABOUT COSMETIC
INGREDIENTS
• With the increasing numbers of published
reports and discussions on the safety concerns
of cosmetic ingredients, consumers may often
ponder whether the ingredients may present
a health hazard.
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152. Hologram
•
Many pharmaceutical companies use overt anti-counterfeiting technologies
(OACTs), such as holograms, to fight counterfeiters.
•
An OACT is typically implemented on the Products (drugs) packaging,
which makes it difficult for counterfeiters to produce convincing copies and
easy for patients to tell the difference between authentic and counterfeit
Productss. I consider a model in which an authentic firm sells its Products
(drugs) at a reliable source and counterfeiters and illegitimate genuine
sellers sell their Products (drugs)s at a dubious source.
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153. Hologram Definition
• A three-dimensional image reproduced
from a pattern of interference produced
by a split coherent beam of
radiation (such as a laser) also : the
pattern of interference itself.
• Holography is a technique that facilitates
the display of three-dimensional effects
or images to the viewer.
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156. Hologram & Counterfeit
• According to the Global Brand
Counterfeiting Report 2018-2020, the
amount of total counterfeiting globally
has reached 1.82 Trillion USD by the year
2020, which includes counterfeiting of
high-end consumer goods. Thus, new
approaches must strengthen to fight
against illegal counterfeit goods.
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158. Hologram Stickers Boost Brand
Protection
.1
QR Security Label with Hologram Strip
•
Quick response code hologram, also called QR code
hologram, has two basic elements, i.e., hologram images
and QR code system. If the QR code is simply for
verification purposes, then the hologram image is for
unique security purposes. The randomly rotating text is
carved adopting the patented production process,
physical measures included. The great combination of
them can provide cutting-edge security precautions for
brands and have a user interaction purpose.
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159. Hologram Stickers Boost Brand
Protection
.2
Variable QR Code Holographic Security Label
•
A variable QR code holographic security label is
created using variable data in both 2 and 3
dimensions. Variable data is presented on the
holographic security label using the dot matrix
system. Different QR hologram codes can be inserted
into the dynamic image as well.
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160. Hologram Stickers Boost Brand
Protection
.3
Hologram 3D Code Security Label
•
In hologram 3D code security labels, holograms are intrinsically
suited to be the best option for 3D-coded structural diagrams. The
content generation can be used for display and digital holography.
can be embedded in the content as
hologram QR codes
Similarly,
well.
•
A multi-layer hologram with a minimum of two different images is
used to manufacture the hologram 3D code security label. It
combines the optical medium with the photosensitive layer to
create a multi-layer body for the security element.
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168. Conclusion
•
Increasingly, an important aspect of consumer protection is to secure
the supply chain by implementing traceability and counterfeit
protection. It is important to distinguish between anti-counterfeiting
QR
and
hologram
solutions and supply chain technologies. Combining
will not be the solution. In few words, a QR code is generally
codes
system or to provide useful information about
track and trace
used as a
-
anti
the product. On the other hand, the hologram is used as an
. It is understandable that the customer may
counterfeiting solution
become a bit confused by the utility of these solutions. Therefore, the
authentication system is not an asset. It is imperative to understand
the differences.
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170. Holographic labels
•
Holographic labels produced by a specialty security printer Eltronis,
have aided two pharmaceutical companies to rebuild confidence in
their brands by securing their products against counterfeit Products
(drugs)s flooding the market.
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171. hologram-embedded safety seal
•
Glaxo first used a tamper-evident hologram to seal packs of Zantac in 1989
•
Supplement fights fakes with hologram-embedded safety seal
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