2. Lesson Objectives: At the end of the lesson,
students will:
1. Learn different views of Philosophers and
2. Apply their learning into their everyday life.
3. What do you think, why we
need to study different
Philosopher?
4. •For Socrates, the goal of philosophy was to
"Know thyself".
•Lao Tzu, Knowing others is wisdom. Knowing
the self is enlightenment. Mastering others
requires force. Mastering the self requires
strength.
•Bhagavad Gita, "Self-knowledge alone eradicates
misery". Self-knowledge alone is the means to the
highest bliss." "Absolute perfection is the
consummation of Self-knowledge.“
5. SOCRATIC METHOD
•Socrates’ questions because he knows
nothing, knows he knows nothing, has
nothing to learn, but it can help its
followers to discover the truths they
have in them.
6. •Plato is a dualist; there is both
immaterial mind (soul) and material
body, and it is the soul that knows the
forms.
•The soul (mind) itself is divided into 3
parts: reason; appetite (physical urges);
and will (emotion, passion, spirit.)
7. •Aristotle defined the soul as the core essence of a
living being, but argued against its having a
separate existence.
•As the soul, in Aristotle's view, is an activity of
the body, it cannot be immortal (when a knife is
destroyed, the cutting stops).
•"humans have bodies for rational activity,“
rational activity thus constituted the essence of a
human soul.
8. •St. Augustine in his Confessions takes this idea
and expands it into an entire genre that critically
inquires what it means to be a person.
•This identity is achieved through a two-fold
process: self-presentation, which leads to self-
realization.
•Omnipotent and the Omniscient=HAPPINESS
AND COMPLETENESS
9. •Descartes thought that the self is a
thinking thing distinct from the body.
• His first famous principle was” Cogito,
ergo sum", which means “I think,
therefore I am.“
•independent and serve their own
function.
12. Lesson Objectives: At the end of the lesson,
students will:
1. Understand our self according to Sociological
perspective; and
2. Give importance to things that help us grow and
develop
13. When we talk about
Sociology, what comes to
your mind?
14. Classical sociological perspective, the
Self is a relatively stable set of
perceptions of who we are in relation to
ourselves, others, and to social systems.
15. Charles Cooley’s theory of the “looking glass
self.”
•Cooley wrote that people’s ideas of themselves have
“three principal elements:
(1) the imagination of our appearance to the other
person;
(2) the imagination of his judgment of that appearance,
and
(3) some sort of self-feeling, such as pride or
mortification
16. Mead's theory of the social self
•is based on the perspective that the self emerges
from social interactions, such as observing and
interacting with others, responding to others'
opinions about oneself, and internalizing external
opinions and internal feelings about oneself.
17. Three activities develop the self:
•1. Language
•2. Play
•3. Games
Mead develops William James' distinction between
the "I" and the "me.“
The "I" is the knower; the "me" is the known.
