1. BIL NAME UK NUMBER
1 WAN MOHAMAD FAIZ 'ABQARI UK 29513
2 CHIN JUN JIE UK 29521
3 NUR AISHAH BINTI MOHD MOGNI UK 29555
4 FATIN NABILA BINTI KHALIL UK 29560
5 KHADIJAH BT AHMAD ZUBAIDI UK 29568
5. ACCIDENT can be defined in
various ways.
1. Webster dictionary gives the following
definition:
events or circumstances that are not anticipated and
planned
The unfortunate events caused by negligence and
ignorance
events that occur by accident or due to an
unknown cause
6. 2. Based on OSHA :
• Accidents means an occurrence arising out or in connection
with work which results in fatal injury or non-fatal injury
3. The electricity supply act,447,1990:
• limiting accidents to electrical hazards
4. Atomic Energy Licensing Act, 304, 1984:
• accidents are related to the hazards of ionizing radiation.
5. Acts plant and machinery, 139, 1967,section 31: Provides
accident must be reported as a result of loss of life, injuries
that prevent a person from doing the work normally for more
than four days, or who, caused serious damage to the
machine or property
7. Notification of
accidents
• Notification of accidents complaints (oral and
written) made to the authorities and
organizations (employers) itself, soon after
the accident occurred.
• Information notified is limited to a description
of the accident and its primary effect or as
specified in the notification form relevant
authorities accident.
8. • Example question for notification are:
WHAT is happen?
WHERE the accident occurred?
WHO is involved?
WHEN the accidents happened?
• Several acts and regulations relating to
occupational safety and health, there are set
procedures for notification:
oActs plant and machinery, 139, 1967, section 31;
oOccupational Safety And Health Act 1994 (Act 514)
oOccupational Safety And Health (Notification of
accidents, dangerous occurrence, occupational
poisoning and occupational disease) Regulation 2004
9. Based on those Act and Regulation, the
requirements in the procedure to notify the
accidents include:
• Who must make a notification
• information needed
• the period of notice must be made after the
accident
• to whom (the authorities) the notice must be sent
• notification form to be filled
10. REPORTING OF
ACCIDENTS
• Report of accident is the result of a full written report of the
accident investigation.
• Report contains information accidents and their effects,
causes and reasons they occur and recommended
improvements weaknesses and shortcomings, so that the
same accident not reoccur.
• Accident reports prepared specifically for employers and
organizations but can be requested by the authorities if
necessary.
11.
12. ACCIDENT
.
1. Employee inform to Health and Safety Officer/
Safety and Health Committee and Radiation Protection Officer
4.The employer also order a detailed investigation
carried out by the acident
2.Conduct preliminary investigations and inform the employer.
Using the approved accident notification form (if any)
(INTERNAL ANNOUCEMENT)
5.Whistleblowing accident report completed discussed
in Safety And Health Committee.Recommendations
are discussed directly by employer
3. The employer notify the authorities. DOSH also set a notification
to be made within 7 days after the accident
(EXTERNAL ANNOUCEMENT)
6.The employer/ chairman of the Safety And Health
Committee send the accident report/ fill a special form
of accidents report prepared by the relevant
authorities
Health and Safety Officer/Safety and Health Committee
and Radiation Protection Officer
Employer / Chairman of the Safety And Health
AUTHORITIES
(Occupational Safety And Health Department and Atomic Energy
Licensing Board)
13. THE CAUSE AND FACTOR OF
ACCIDENT
• Domino Theory
- At first security practitioners believe that the accident was caused by
physical conditions or equipment used machine
- 1930, H.W. Heinrich suggests that humans are the cause and the cause of
an accident
- According Heinrich, an injury caused by a fixed and logical sequence of the
factors that complete
- There are some factor:
1) legacy and influence and social surroundings, which leads to
2) an error was the reason
3) actions and / or which result in unsafe conditions
4) accidents that can lead to
5) injury
14. • Various theoretical reasons
Accidents where a slip caused by stepping on oily floors and
smooth, superficially can be concluded due to the oil.
However, when investigated in detail, it may be a simple
accident caused by the negligence, lack of cleanliness of the
workplace, lack of light in the passage, a former oil leaks were
reported and others. accident can be explained by the theory
of reasons that joined randomly to cause accidents.
15. • Combine theory
Although the cause of the accident can be explained by the
domino theory or the theory of a variety of reasons, to
perfection explain the accident, both these theories have to
be used together with combine both theory. Combine this
theory can be accepted to explain the cause and the cause of
the accident because a lot of the evidence shows that the
accident was caused not only by the sequence of events
related causes, effects and interactions between elements
such as:
16. 1 ) Employers and
Commitments
- Employer as captain in a ship. Successful or not the ship was
sailing to its destination depends on the ability of the master.
- Constitute such a situation in all workplaces. employers who
provide work activities, and they are also capable of forming
desired workplace atmosphere.
- Action Employers ignore safety and health at work is also
influenced by factors external forces. For example:
1) law
2) productivity
3) production schedule
17. 2) Employers and Employees
- Behavior, attitudes and the way they work to
determine a safe environment at work.
18. 3) Materials and Equipment
- Alone or interact.
- Can cause and effect in an accident (interact).
- Material can be used for making equipment.
- Material not according to specification of use, toxic or
flammable can be dangerous.
- Other than that, materials, equipment can also cause
accidents.
- If the equipment was damaged, regardless of size, misuse can
result in accidents.
19. 4) Installation and
Maintenance
- The operation and life of an installation depends on how the
installation and maintenance.
- To resistance steel structure is influenced by weather
conditions, the site where it is established, maintenance is
performed and so on.
20. 5) Environment
- Can interact with materials and equipment and
influence the way employees do their work.
- If the area is too light / dark, cold / hot, noisy / quiet
can affect workers and equipment.
- The place is too noisy work can disrupt the health of
workers through hearing loss and changes in
behavior and mood of workers to be negative.
21.
22. System of Accident
Investigation
• All accident investigation should be planning before
accident occur.
• After that the accident investigation should submit to the
authorities.
• The stages of accident investigation should include as
follow:
1.)Inform accident occur.
2.)Investigate the accident.
3.)Report is prepared.
4.)Discussion is carried out regarding conclusion and
recommendation.
5.)The recommendation is follow-up.
23. • Objective of accident investigation are as
follow:
1.) Is a responsibility
-Employer make sure employee work in
healthy and safety environment by giving
information to employee hazard that exist
in working environment as well as
recommend to them suitable ways to
prevent accident.
24. 2.) To determine the causes of accident and to avoid it
happen in future
- Can learn from past mistakes and make sure not repeat
by knowing the actual reason accident happen and use
the suitable mitigation to prevent it from happen again.
3.) To comply with acts and regulations of safety and health
-Is important so that can know the reason accident
happens, able to obtain latest information to form new
guidelines and easier for compensation procedure if
comply with acts and regulations
25. Planning of System of Accident
Investigation
1.) Planning Before Accident
2.) Planning After Accident
26. Planning Before Accident
1.) Carry out the basic notification, investigation
and report accident
• Before accident is fully investigate, the content
of investigation can be told to the authorities.
2.) Improve the procedure of informing and
investigate accident
• The procedure of informing and investigate
accident should include the type of accident that
must informed, the person who the organization
need to inform, the person who ask to
investigate and the person who take action
against accident report.
27. • The procedure of inform to safety and healthy
officer should include what is happening, when
is happening, where is happening and impact of
accident.
• Act 514 1994, Section 32 states that the
procedure of inform to safety and health official
is a must.
• Employees can complain about the accident that
has tendency to happen too according to
Occupation Safety and Health Act 1996 Section
3.
28. 3.) Explain the role of Investigator.
• Act and regulation states that only the person
who is trained can be the investigator.
• Certain accident need a lot of investigators that
specialize in a lot of fields.
• Investigators can search for information of
causes of accident, conclusion of accident and
recommendation.
• Investigators can also give the psychology
information of employees and getting
information of procedure as well as specification
details on apparatus and others.
29. 4.) Provide training to investigators
• Training should includes basic notification,
objective, discipline, responsibility, theory
why accident occurs, acts and regulations
that related with occupation safety and
health, techniques, recommendation and
writing report.
30. 5.)Provide apparatus to get information.
• Stationary, camera, sound recorder and
others.
6.) Improve the form check list of accident
• Form of informing accident and form of
investigate accident.
32. Planning After Accident
1.)Investigation must be scientific and
systematic
• Analysis , follow the procedure and
synthesis should be included in order to
be more scientific and systematic.
2.) Obtain the overall details of accident
• Information that is obtained previously
able to help to obtain the overall details of
accident.
33. 3.) Use basic questions to investigate
• Able to obtain a lot of information.
4.) Bring the apparatus of investigation
• Make sure the apparatus is bring along.
34. Gathering information
• The information that is obtained must be
based on science theory.
• Example is if we found one hazard object
that is easily burn we can snap the photo
that able to show the position of the
hazard object.
• Can gather information from witness and
evidence.
35. Witness
• Victim is one of the witness of the
accident.
• Witness primer is witness who observe the
accident.
• Secondary witness is witness who has
important information about the accident.
Evidence
• Physical, Chemical and Biological
36. Analyse the cause of accident
• Analysis and synthesis are required.
Recommendation
• Must be practical and take particular to
cost.
• Conclusion can be made.
Report of accident
• All the information, recommendation and
conclusion are included.
37.
38. Chairman of health and safety committee or health and safety officer shall direct
action to be taken on recommendation based on discussion with the employer and
authorised manager.
The procedure has been stated in OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (SAFETY
AND HEALTH COMMITTEE) REGULATION 1996 REGULATION 14
ACTION TO BE TAKEN ON
RECOMMENDATION
39. WHO SHOULD DO THE ACCIDENT
INVESTIGATING?
Ideally, an investigation would be conducted by someone experienced in accident
causation, experienced in investigative techniques, fully knowledgeable of the
work processes, procedures, persons, and industrial relations environment of a
particular situation.
Some jurisdictions provide guidance such as requiring that it must be conducted
jointly, with both management and labour represented, or that the investigators
must be knowledgeable about the work processes involved.
40. * In most cases, the supervisor should help
investigate the event. Other members of the team
can include:
• employees with knowledge of the work
• safety officer
• health and safety committee
• union representative, if applicable
• employees with experience in investigations
• "outside" expert
• representative from local government
41. *OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (SAFETY AND HEALTH COMMITTEE)
REGULATION 1996
REGULATION 13
*OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (SAFETY AND HEALTH OFFICER) REGULATION 1997
REGULATION 17
*OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (SAFETY AND HEALTH OFFICER) REGULATION 1997
REGULATION 18 (C)
42.
43. EMPLOYER/ PLANT POPULATION /
MANUFACTURER
•SHALL NOTIFY THE NEAREST
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
OFFICE OF ANY ACCIDENT, DANGEROUS
OCCURRENCE AND OCCUPATIONAL
POISONING OR OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE
WHICH HAS OCCURRED OR IS LIKELY TO
OCCUR AT THE PLACE OF WORK
(PAGE 27)
44.
45. REGISTERED MEDICAL
PRACTICIONER/ MEDICAL OFFICER
•Every registered medical practitioner or
medical officer attending to, or called to visit,
a patient whom he believes to be suffering
from any of the diseases listed in the Third
Schedule of the Factories and Machinery Act
1967, or any disease named in any regulation
or order made by the Minister under this act,
or occupational poisoning shall report the
matter to the Director General.
(PAGE 28)
46.
47. LICENSE HOLDER (OBTL aka
ORANG YG BERTANGGUNGJAWAB
TERHADAP LESEN)
•Is compulsory on regulation 31 (1&2) to
make report to AELB (Atomic Energy
Licensing Board) if there is no
intentional exposure and emergency
exposure.
( Akta Perlesenan Tenaga Atom, 1984,
Peraturan – Peraturan Perlindungan
Sinaran (Standard Keselamatan Asas)
1988)
48. CONCLUSION
• Do not take accident as a failure
and losses that should be accepted
just like that.
• Make a lesson from it.
