Motor Rehabilitation

Motor Rehabilitation
3. Understanding motor learning applied to rehabilitation
The ability to walk may be compromised after damage to structures of the neural system due to a
spinal cord injury (SCI) or a stroke. Frequently, patients in rehabilitation have an altered neural
control leading to an inaccurate, slow or inefficient performance of the movement (Bastian, 2008).
Thus, a main goal in the walking rehabilitation process is to learn how to perform a movement
again, recovering motor function, by incorporating motor learning principles into this process
(Sawers et al., 2012). Learning has been defined as "...a 'relative permanent' change, resulting from
practice or a novel experience in the capability for responding" (Guthrie, 1952). Additionally, some
authors consider motor learning to be a "loose" term that includes motor adaptation, skill
acquisition, and decision–making (Kitago & Krakauer, 2013).
In a broad view the learning process can be described in five main phases: fast, slow, consolidation,
automatic, and retention. During the fast stage, a major increase in performance occurs. In the slow
stage, the gains in performance occurs via practice. After an interval time period, consolidation is
observed without additional practice. Then, in the automatic phase, minimal ... Show more content
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A wide variety of human motor skills performed every day, such as riding a bicycle, playing an
instrument or driving a car, rest on the ability to process elements of a sequence and execute a
coherent sequence of actions (Keele et al., 2003; Seidler, 2010).Learning to perform a sequence of
events allows the subject to predict the next movement and prepare for the next action, which can be
very useful for the daily functions (Goschke & Bolte, 2012) or in motor rehabilitation approaches
(Kitago & Krakauer,
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General Motors
General Motors
Introduction General Motors Corporation, hereafter referred to as GM, has an impressive history
spanning over 100 years. According to GM 's website, GM is the "global industry sales leader since
1931," and their sales are representative of such a business. GM has a responsibility to its
stakeholders to remain competitive and profitable. With the decline in the economy dating back to
approximately year 2000 and the impact of rising fuel prices, GM found itself in a struggle to
remain profitable. Losses in profit coupled with high inventory levels, GM recognized the need for
an unprecedented sales promotion to empty its dealerships of the rapidly aging current year models.
In June 2005, GM announced its "Employee ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Quality is also created with this program because the customer knows that skilled factory–trained
service technicians, using the latest diagnostic tools and genuine GM parts, will be maintaining their
vehicles. This promotion also acts as a catalyst to enhance GM 's brand image, thereby achieving the
goal of building brand loyalty. As stated above, GM has unfortunately labeled its ' brand image with
connotations of being "cheap." They did not intend to create this image but have with the discount
sales promotions that they continually provide to consumers throughout recent years. By targeting to
the new segment that was outlined above, GM will enhance its brand image for the following
reasons. First, the people within this segment are always looking for deals and convenience because
they have children. The lifestyles of full–nest families are such that they are very busy and for that
reason they look for convenience as a top priority. With this promotion, GM is providing customers
with many opportunities for convenience. For example, GM will inform customers when they need
their next oil change so that they are not burdened to remember themselves. Thus this equals
convenience! Another way GM will enhance their brand image in the minds of consumers is with
money. Since the price of the maintenance program is already built into the sales price of the
vehicle, consumers will not think that they are paying more for such a deal. When

Ford Motor Company Vs General Motors
Introduction
For this analysis I chose the Ford Motor Company and General Motors. Both companies have long
been U.S. manufacturing giants in the automotive industry. The analysis spans a five–year period
from 2012 to 2016.
Data Collection
All data was collected from 10K filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission and the
industry standards were produced CSI Market.com.
Summary of Data
The data is broken down into four ratio groups – profitability, asset utilization, liquidity and debt
utilization. These groups consist of two ratios with tables presented after each group.
Profitability Ratios
Profit Margin – The profit margin is calculated by dividing net income by sales. At first glance, one
can immediately see Ford's strong profits during the five year period with a 2014 being the
exception when profits plummeted 56% from the previous year. This was due to higher costs, lower
costs and several setbacks. General Motors, on the other hand, while not showing the same glitzy
profit margin as Ford, remained extremely steady, although the industry norm for 2014 was 2.85%
Return on Assets – These are calculated by dividing net income with total sales. With the exception
of 2014, the return was fairly steady. Both companies dipped at the end of the 2016 fourth quarter
with the industry standard at 3.62% According to industry analysts, the decline was blamed on low
gas prices causing consumers to snub smaller vehicles and embracing SUVs and pick–up trucks,

General Motors 10k
10–K Analysis Project For General Motors Company Daniel Caicedo Thursday 12:00 P.M. – 1:20
P.M. MAN 4720–0022 General Motors Company Regina Taylor The AAA's Team 8 September 29,
2011 1. Political Statement: "Any increases in the price of oil in the U.S. or in our other markets or
any sustained shortage of oil, including as a result of political instability in the Middle East and
African nations, could weaken the demand for such vehicles, which could reduce our market share
in affected markets, decrease profitability, and have a material adverse effect on our business." Page
26 "The majority of our vehicle sales are generated outside the U.S. We are pursuing ... Show more
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Assessment: It is significant in understanding the cultural values and perception of the consumers
you are trying to target since cultural values can change over time. Recent observation of the
vehicles General Motors offered was viewed negatively by society. This allowed competitors to
expose that weakness by comparing their vehicles in a greater light. In summary, changing the
public perception of General Motors is vital, especially with their upcoming products since their
standards need to adhere to the current cultural values. 4. Technological Statement: "We generate
and hold a significant number of patents in a number of countries in connection with the operation
of our business. While none of these patents by itself is material to our business as a whole, these
patents are very important to our operations and continued technological development." Page 12
"The pace of our development and introduction of new and improved vehicles depends on our
ability to implement successfully improved technological innovations in design, engineering, and
manufacturing, which requires extensive capital investment." Page 27 "Any capital expenditure cuts
in these areas that were made in the past or that we may determine to implement in the future to
reduce costs and conserve cash could reduce our ability

Building a Simple Motor
You can build a simple motor with magnet, wire, jumbo paper clips, sandpaper, neodymium
magnets, and a compass. There are motors all over the place in your house. You use electric motors
in your everyday life. When you connect the wires and connect it completes the current and makes
the motor start. The copper wire will start to spin when the current is completed. I am build a simple
motor and see if it spins slower or faster with bigger and smaller batteries I think it will spin faster
with bigger batteries. The electricity from the positive and negative end of the battery and flows
through the wire and makes the wire spin but you need to have the magnet for the wire to spin. You
can change the way the wire spins but flipping the magnet over. The motor uses the attracting and
repelling forces to make the wire spin. If you use stronger magnets the force will be greater. If you
coil the wire more the magnetic field will get larger. But you cannot put to many coils in it or it will
become too heavy. If you have wire with a coating you will have to scrap it off for it to work. If you
put the support braces to far apart that can also become a problem. You can predict what way the
wire or motor is going to spin. The electromagnet must spin in full circles for it to work right. The
force of the magnet will make the wire flip back and forth when the electricity is going through the
wire. The energy flows for the negative end of the battery to the positive. It has to be

Motor Skills Disorder
Motor Skills Disorder Motor Skills Disorder falls under the diagnosis of Neurodevelopmental
Disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth edition (DSM–5).
Motor Disorders are thought to be abnormalities of the central nervous system and brain, they occur
when there is a lack of control or issues with the use of motor skills. These disorders are typically
diagnosed in the early developmental period or before the age of 18. For the diagnosis of a motor
disorder the deficit cannot fall under a different diagnosis such as muscular dystrophy and cerebral
palsy. It is associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
(ADHD) and other learning disorders, prematurity and developmental ... Show more content on
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There are simple tics that occur over a short time period and complex tics that last for a longer time
(Ludolph et al., 2012). For the diagnosis of a tic disorder substance abuse and other medical
conditions must be ruled out and the symptoms must start before the age of 18 (American
Psychiatric Association, 2013). Common tics include blinking, clearing of the throat, lip movement,
clapping and jumping (Ludolph et al., 2012). There are three distinctive disorders that fall under this
classification: Tourette's Disorder, Persistent (Chronic) Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder and Provisional
Tic

Tesla Motors, Inc.
Tesla Motors, Inc. was established in 2003 by the engineers with important mission: to change status
quo and prove that electric car could change the automotive industry and the way how people travel
every day, while providing luxury, eco–friendly and sustainable solution to decrease the impact of
transportation on the environment. Tesla Roadster, the very first product of the company, released in
2008 was designed as electric, zero emission but luxury sports car that with great performance of 0–
100 [km/h] in 3.7 seconds and range of 394km on a single electric charge (Tesla Motors Inc., 2014).
Since then, Tesla Motors continues its mission to lead the change and introduced model S and model
X as well as a growing network of Tesla–owned Supercharging stations to support the infrastructure
and promote this innovative eco–friendly technology world–wide. Newest step in Tesla's plan to
transform electric (EV) automotive industry is to cooperate with other manufacturers of cars and use
its cutting–edge technology in electric storage and open a new 'battery gigafactory' in Nevada, USA
to lower the cost of such and to support the growing demand for own and other manufacturer's
products (Tesla Motors Inc., 2014). 18
3.2 ETHICS, GOVERNANCE & CODE OF BUSINESS CONDUCT
Tesla Motor's ethics, code of business conduct and corporate governance covers a wide range of
practices, business processes and regulations. Although Tesla is a relatively new entrant to the
automotive industry, it has

General Motors ( Gm )
Background:
General Motors (GM) is a major US–based automotive company based in Detroit founded on
September 16, 1908 by William C. Durant and Charles Stewart Mott. It is one of the largest
automotive manufacturers and vehicle parts in the world. Both US and International companies like
Ford, Chrysler, Toyota, Volvo, and BMW are the major competitors for General Motors (Wikipedia).
General Motors led global vehicle sales for 77 consecutive years from 1931 through 2007, longer
than any other automaker, and is currently among the world 's largest automakers by vehicle unit
sales. In the year 2009, the company failed to obtain loans from the government and filed for
Chapter 11 bankruptcy as a result of recession in the previous year ... Show more content on
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So, they decided to focus on three areas to improve GM 's performance such as customer, supply,
and information technology. Several issues were identified in the case study reference material that
are considered as major enterprise architecture issues with their existing systems .This paper will
focus on the three items listed in the next section.
Major Enterprise Architectural Issues:
Lack of Information Technology Initiatives and Internet usage.
Concerns with Business and Organizational process.
Lack of Knowledge and slow response to Customer Demands.
Analysis:
Lack of Information Technology Initiatives: In every company, it is better to have good IT team to
deal with the technology issues and make the best use of latest technologies. Information plays a
very important role in today's business. It also helps in the enterprise success and help in boosting
the business. But in General Motors, the customer information from different divisions did not
integrate data flow across the enterprise. As Szygenda pointed out, use of legacy systems and old
infrastructure to design and develop the products caused delays in production and delivery of items
to customers. Earlier dealers were expected to meet the customer needs with the product on hand or
on the way from the manufacturing

A Report On Tesla Motors
Tesla Motors was founded in 2003 by a group of engineers in Silicon Valley who wanted to prove
that electric cars could be better than gasoline–powered cars. With instant torque, incredible power,
and zero emissions, Tesla's products would be cars without compromise. Each new generation
would be increasingly affordable, helping the company work towards its mission: to accelerate the
world's transition to sustainable transport.
After reading about Tesla Motors, the CEO Elon Musk describes his strengths as the Special Forces,
such as the navy seal. The comparison is like the Special Forces and they only recruits the best, so
does Tesla Motors. Another strengths that the company has are a good tracking record of the CEO
since Elon Musk has ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
SolarCity and Tesla Motors are collaborating with each other. Tesla stores are comparing to the
Apple stores and are an innovative to market the Tesla cars. The Tesla–owned Superchargers are on
average 16 times faster than most public charging stations. With Tesla Motors you won't have to
worry about running out o batteries since Tesla is building their own battery factory.
One of the Weaknesses that Tesla Motors might have is the fact that the CEO Elon Musk is not only
the CEO for Tesla Motors but he's also CEO and CTO of SpaceX making his schedule a busy one.
Another weaknesses are that people are still not sure of buying an electric car. The company is had
to start building Tesla stores, so people can visit and learn why electric cars belongs to the future.
The infrastructure around electric cars does not exist. Tesla Motors are doing their best to change
this by building Superchargers, which are like gas stations but for electric vehicles only. Another
weaknesses is that Tesla Motors only build the Model S car, so people really don't have different
options in choosing different cars. In the near future the company is designing an SUV called Model
X, with plans to design a cheap electric car, a new sports car, and even an electric truck to give it's
customers options when buying a vehicle. One thing that is not good for the company is that the
batteries have no

Essay on Tata Motors
Tata Motors 1. Describe the economic characteristics of the global motor vehicle industry. The
characteristics of the global motor vehicle industry are a boom in certain places and a bust in others
all due to economic conditions in different nations. Four years after tow of Detroit Michigan's big
three went into bankruptcy American car makers are going "full throttle" with sales in August hitting
an annual rate that if substantiated can take them back over 16 million and that is a rate that was last
hit before the economic crisis and 80% higher than 2009 when GM and Chrysler went into
bankruptcy. The opposite is happening in Europe being in its sixth year slump now and with a weak
economy, high petroleum prices and an aging ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The next factor is to have a quality, compelling products that innovate and capture the customers
attention. This is clear in that while people are statistically staying away from buying a car in
exchange for public transportation especially in England, that luxury cars are selling well in
worldwide poor economies. I would say the next factor is to create cars to sell to the U.S. market.
Take the foreign market for example where the Ford focus in the United states is a clear C list car
that isn't that desirable is a great seller in countries like Germany where it is highly desired. The
third factor is public perception. Auto makers must capture the public attention for sales, not just
make the "best" or cheapest car. For years in America we have an opinion that due to the bailout for
example that foreign cars are better and as such seek out Mercedes, Audi, BMW, Jaguar etc. and not
a Cadillac. We seen this with GM who was trying to sell the ponaic G8 that was half the cost of
European performance sedans and was a failure in the U.S. despite being one of GM's most exciting
cars ever made for the market. The forth factor would be to study the market carefully. Motor
vehicle companies must compete globally to make a living and as such must examine the growing
markets worldwide and

Downsizing at General Motors
Table of Contents Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Company Overview 2 Restructuring Change 3 Change
Challenges of Downsizing 5 Images of Change 6 Pressures to Change 6 Market Decline Pressure 6
Fashion Pressures 7 Mandated Pressures 7 Result of Change 7 Conclusion 8 References 9
Abstract
This paper explores the change that General Motors faced after the economic recession and credit
crisis that began in 2007. This pushed GM to request assistance from the U.S. Treasury which
resulted in the restructuring of their US operations. The start of this restructuring change involved
downsizing GM's operations in the US. Along with the mandate imposed from the US government
GM engaged in downsizing to reduce costs, and to cope with the ... Show more content on
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GM's structural change is an example of retrenchment, which is "done by centralizing/specializing a
firm's operations to sustain or improve productivity" (Palmer et al., 2009).
Downsizing is generally regarded as "midrange or second–order change". A second–order change
"is transformational, radical, and fundamentally alters the organization at its core. Second–order
change entails not developing but transforming the nature of the organization" (Palmer et al., 2009).
Furthermore, GM's downsizing can be seen as a type 2 transformation, which involves the
"revitalization of already–established companies... where the organization remains in the same
market but focuses on how to rebuild itself in order to operate more effectively" (Palmer et al.,
2009). GM remained in the automotive industry but needed to restructure and downsize in order to
mitigate the effects of the economic recession.
In its restructuring, GM closed plants, cut its workforce, shed three brands, reduced debt, introduced
popular new vehicles, and implemented changes to reduce retiree legacy costs, which had been a
major financial drain (Canis & Webel, 2013). Cuts were made based on whether a person's position
was deemed redundant, the level of their subject–matter expertise, and performance reviews (Smerd,
2009). As outlined in Table 1 more than 2,000 dealerships were closed, as GM shed its

General Motors : Chief Motors Essay
Jacqueline Williams Mr. Ebeiseitov Graduate Finance Cluster September 13, 2016 GENERAL
MOTORS General Motors is one of the largest car manufacturing companies in the world. Best
known for their automobiles, General motors have become a household name and an empire. It did
so not only by selecting the right brands and manufacturers to work with but by remaining
innovative and creating designs as rapidly as society develops. If you don't think of GM when
thinking of the auto industry, surely one of their many popular brands comes to mind. The general
motors company is home to the well–known brands Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, and GMC. Each
brand has done more than enough to have left its own imprint in the industry. Chevrolet was the
primary reason the founder of General Motors, William Durant, was able to return to his position
after a previous financial downfall. General motors used its success in the auto industry to branch
out into another industry. . In 2010, GM acquired Americredit and turned it into The GM Financial.
GM Financial provides financing for vehicles as well as lending for other automotive dealers. This
merger made for a seamless transition for the company and a smart one since the vehicles provided
are often times financed by outside companies. General motors made headlines by selling the rights
to finance company GMAC, which was an extremely profitable portion of the company. General
motors provide many products and services used worldwide. The products

General Motors Automobiles
At the turn of the 20th century, there were less than 8,000 automobiles currently in the US; many of
which were powered by steam or electricity, and others had gasoline engines. The huge turnout at
the first New York Auto Show in 1900 showed the extent of the public's captivation with
automobiles. Over the next few years, hundreds of new companies tried to meet the demands of a
rapidly growing automobile market. General Motors was founded by William Durant on September
16, 1908. Durant had become a leading manufacturer of horse–drawn vehicles in Flint, Michigan,
before making his way into the automobile industry. At its beginning, GM held only the Buick
Motor Company, but in a short matter of years acquired more than 20 companies including
Oldsmobile, Cadillac, and Oakland (today known as Pontiac). As demand for automobiles grew
unexpectedly in the 1920s, General Motors set the pace of production, design, and marketing
innovation for other companies to follow. General Motors added Chevrolet, Vauxhall and Opel
which diversified the selection and added to the spread of their corporation. During these years GM
also opened more than a dozen new plants outside the United States, which only increased their
sales throughout the world. The milestone 1927 Cadillac LaSalle, with curves (as opposed to sharp
corners and a long, low stance), made people see cars as more than just a mode of transport for the
first time ever. People were intrigued by their design and other capabilities.

Internationalization of General Motors
Internationalization of General Motors This paper examines the expansion of General Motors
overseas in its various phases, as well as triggers for internationalization and the problems faced
during the process. The paper also considers what benefits have been achieved through international
growth, and how the company can be classified with regards to Bartlett and Ghosal's 4 typologies.
Finally, the paper discusses the concept of a "world car," meeting the demands of customers across
the globe. General Motors, International; Internationalization; Globalization; Multinational; Growth
Strategy; Volkswagen; Bartlett; Ghosal 1. Internationalization of GM 1.1 Early History In the early
1900's, the first companies that would ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The oil crises of the same period did not help improve the situation by shifting consumer
preferences towards the more reliable and economical Japanese alternatives. GM responded not via
their traditional method of acquisition, but rather by creating alliances with Isuzu, Suzuki and
Toyota (Bordenave and Lung, 2002). 1.4 Globalization From the late 1980s to the present day, GM
has adopted another strategy: globalization, aimed at integrating operations at an higher level. GM's
ultimate goal from the 1990s was to produce a World Car, as announced through their Master Plan
in 1996 (Bordenave and Lung, 2002). The idea was to cut costs and achieve greater economies of
scale by halving the number of car platforms from 14 to 7, and sharing these platforms as well as
parts among the various brands within the General Motors family. In reality, however, this
programme failed.due to regional differences, such as Europe and Asia preferring smaller, diesel–
powered cars as opposed to the large, petrol–engined models of North America. GM was thus forced
to continue supplying different models to their various markets around the world. | | |1992 : Senior
management changes (J. Smith). | |1992: Founding of "GM International

General Motors History
History of General Motors The Renaissance Center in Detroit, Michigan, is General Motors ' world
headquarters. General Motors Corporation, also known as GM or GMC, is the world 's second
largest car manufacturer based on annual sales. Founded in 1908, in Flint, Michigan, GM employs
approximately 284,000 people around the world. With global headquarters at the Renaissance
Center in Detroit, Michigan, USA, GM manufactures its cars and trucks in 33 countries. Their
European headquarters is based in Zurich, Switzerland. In 2005, 9.17 million GM cars and trucks
were sold globally under the following brands: Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, GMC, Daewoo, Holden,
Hummer, Opel, Pontiac, Saab, Saturn and Vauxhall. Early history General Motors ... Show more
In 1948, GM divested NAA as a public company, never to have a major interest in the aircraft
manufacturing industry again. General Motors bought the internal combustion engined railcar
builder Electro–Motive Corporation and its engine supplier Winton Engine in 1930, renaming both
as the General Motors Electro–Motive Division. Over the next twenty years, diesel–powered
locomotives – the majority built by GM – largely replaced other forms of traction on American
railroads. (During World War II, these engines were also important in American submarines and
destroyer escorts.) Electro–Motive was sold in early 2005. In 1935, the United Auto Workers labor
union was formed, and in 1936 the UAW organized the Flint Sit–Down Strike, which initially idled
two key plants in Flint, but later spread to half–a–dozen other plants including Janesville, Wisconsin
and Fort Wayne, Indiana. In Flint, police attempted to enter the plant to arrest strikers, leading to
violence; in other cities the plants were shuttered peacefully. The strike was resolved February 11,
1937 when GM recognized the UAW as the exclusive bargaining representative for its workers.
World War II General Motors produced vast quantities of armaments, vehicles, and aircraft during
World War II for both Allied and Axis customers. By the spring of 1939, the German Government
had assumed day–to–day control of American owned factories in Germany, but decided against
nationalizing them. During the war, the U.S. auto

Tata Motors : A Company
1.1 Data
As the year of 2012 came to a closure, Tata Motors Limited. found themselves spotlighted as a
company, that's expectations were higher than their results. During the year, the company struggled
with maintaining responsible business practices, delivering a unique service and creating a brand
representation of innovation, while struggling to against all odds, that threatened their value
proposition. Tata seeks to create a car that accurately characterizes the business's ideals and core
values. Tata Motors, is now in the pressure to create a regain their market value, through ensuring
the success of their car Tata Nano.
2.1 Data Analysis
Due to culturally and political obstacles Tata Motors Limited experienced incredible difficulty ...
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Also, the car wasn't suited for the aged population's safety concerns and the youth found no
contemporary appeal. The marketing and the value proposition was unclear on which segments of
the market was to be addressed. By overgeneralizing the market, the pricing was what ended up
defining the car. Tata Nano's value can be determined through measuring operations in a value
chain. The cost was kept at a certain price, to ensure affordability. This intertwined with the types of
market segments, that Tata Nano could provide for. A variety of market segments would be targeted,
such as the retired, the middle class, the aspiring family, students and low–income families. The
two–wheeler market, as well as the automobile market, were targeted. Both markets were given a
promise of quality, alongside the promise of efficient methods of distribution. Tata Motors used a
variety of distribution channels, to ensure customers were given a product as quickly and effortlessly
as possible. With this information, it is easy to understand Tata Motors to be a company that
delivered remarkable value to their chosen customer segment in their value chain. This insertion of
the value proposition into the operational, finance, management, and distribution elements of the
company should have created a structured and sustainable plan of company growth. To create this
value

Tata Motors: A Case Study Of Tata Motors
COMPETITION COMPARISON – REVENUE, MARKET DATA
TATA MOTORS: [2] Source: Moneycontrol.com
TVS MOTORS, BAJAJ AUTO: Source: Moneycontrol.com
MAHINDRA & MAHINDRA: Source: Moneycontrol.com
AMARARAJA BATTERIES:
Source: Moneycontrol.com
COMPANY – TATA MOTORS
After analysing the information from the web and comparing with peers I finalized that the
companies that look plausible for valuation both through financial means as well as the perspective
of learning were TVS Motors (2&3 wheeler segment) and TATA Motors (passenger and commercial
vehicle segment).
The next step was to report to my mentor as to what are the immediate reasons I see in selecting
TATA Motors. The factors that were supposed to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
JLR – UK, Manufacturing of cars and SUV's.
Fiat – India, Co–manufacturing of Powertrains for cars in Maharashtra plant.
Marco polo – Brazil based coach builder for the plant at Marwad.
Thailand and Africa dealerships and manufacturing.
TATA–Hitachi Motor Construction Machinery Japan (60% stake in this venture)
Export Markets:
The company's commercial and passenger vehicles are already being marketed in several countries
in Europe, Africa, the Middle East, South East Asia, South Asia, South America, CIS and Russia. It
has franchisee/joint venture assembly operations in Bangladesh, Ukraine, and Senegal.
The higher exposure of revenues from export markets for TATA is contributing to the valuation of
the company. In China the revenues in the past few years for JLR was stunning. This contributed to
the immense revenues as well as the improved stock market performance. But slowdowns in growth
rate in China, USA, UK and Europe is a cause of concern. But in this regard TATA JLR's prospects
is not hindered because the company targets its vehicles to the upper segments of the society. This
can thus bring in more numbers.
Strategic

The Motor Effect
2.1 Motors use the effect of forces on current–carrying conductors in magnetic fields
2.1.1 The motor effect
The motor effect is where a force acts on a current–carrying conductor in a magnetic field.
The right hand palm rule is used to find certain properties: fingers point to magnetic field, thumb
points in DC direction and palm points to direction of the force.
2.1.2 Factors affecting the force acting on the current–carrying conductor Forces are experienced by
the electrons in the conductor and are affected by: * Length of conductor (longer conductor means
more electrons hence more electrons experiencing the force) * Strength of magnetic field (more
force on electrons) * Amount of current in conductor (more current ... Show more content on
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ie there is a change of magnetic flux through a circuit. Faraday's experiment: Connect a coil of many
turns to a zero centered galvanometer. Move a small magnet in and out of the coil and we can
observe a small current is produced when the magnet is moved but no current when there was no
movement. By varying the speed (relative motion) of the movement and strength of magnet, the
galvanometer flickered more therefore more current produced. Distance also affects this.
2.2.2 Magnetic field strength and magnetic flux density Magnetic flux density (B) is a measure of
the number of lines of force per unit area. It is also equivalent to the strength of the magnetic field
and is measured in Weber (Wb)
2.2.3 Magnetic flux Magnetic flux (φ) is a measure of the number of lines of force emerging through
an area. It is the product of magnetic flux density and area : φ=BA measured in Webers (Wb)
2.2.4 Size of the induced emf The induced emf is proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux
through the circuit.
2.2.5 Len's Law Len's law: the direction of the induced emf is such that it opposes the change that
produced it. Len's law is a consequence of the law of conservation of energy because if the induced
emf aided the motion, then the conductor would accelerate causing a greater emf, which would
cause further acceleration, etc ... an infinite amount of energy would be created.
2.2.6 Len's Law and back emf
2.2.7 Back emf in electric motors
2.2.8 Eddy

The Controversy Surrounding The Motor
The motor, it is used for a wide variety of purposes, it is used in cars, clocks, drills, fans, and electric
toothbrushes ("Energy Transfer"). As one can tell, motors play an important part in daily life, people
can't go a day without using a product that uses a motor. Motor's are normally used to spin a part of
the item that the motor is in, but how does the motor spin the part that needs to be spun. The electric
motors work by electricity and magnets working together. Once the electricity gets going, the
magnets take over. The magnets keep the motor going because the magnets used in motors have
both positive and negative magnets on both sides. Surrounding the magnetic ends, are one positive
and one negative magnet. This means that at any

Tesla Motors
"I'd never buy one of those bloody electric cars!". "Electric cars are just toys". "Only greenies would
buy that sort of car". "And who knows how it's serviced?". These are the cries of the working world.
How can we overcome this resistance to a fundamentally new product? Does a radically new
product need radically new marketing strategies? In this paper I am going to explore Tesla's
innovative marketing strategy for motor cars. Don't set up a traditional car yard in the cheap rentals
along highways. Set up in the shoppings malls! Increase consumer volume through segmentation
and targeting! Capitalize off it by strategic positioning! Provide great service and a top–notch
product, along with nifty little trinkets, and create customer value. ... Show more content on
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Customers perceived value of the car is at its lowest. Thus Tesla are stimulating people's interests
and awareness so that in years to come, as electric cars become more integrated into society, they
will be at the forefront of the emerging market. Lastly, the usual method of selling cars has always
yielded poor customer satisfaction, most receiving "just 2 or 3 stars" (Paul J. D'arcy, n.d.). Thus,
with this focus on service, Tesla may really impress customers. These customers may fall into the
zone of delight rather than satisfaction because the service is so much better relative to the orthodox
method.
Tesla's other marketing strategies – Tesla's shop locations are also an example of the companies
positioning strategy. Positioning is identifying and attempting to occupy a brand niche, product or
service using marketing placement strategies (Gary Armstrong, 2011). Tesla started 'high'; their first
few car models were luxury, in order to let 'early adopters fund technology development' (Paul J.
D'arcy, n.d.). However, now Tesla are appealing to the masses.
The stores location makes it clear that the product information (and the product itself) are not
exclusive; it is available to everyone. They are releasing the Model 3, a cheaper, more family–
orientated car. All this serves to remove, not establish, a niche. Tesla are attempting to remove the
stigma that they are a selective company who's products are only bought by rich

Tata Motors Case
Case Analysis, Tata Motors
International Business and Economics
Amsterdam Business School, 2010
Introduction
Tata Motors is an automotive company to take notice of. Representing the evolving Indian
population and growing economy of one of the world's key emerging markets, it is a market leader
for commercial vehicles and third for passenger vehicles in the Indian market. It shocked the world
by introducing the $2000 Nano in 2009 and also by growing its portfolio by purchasing Jaguar Land
Rover, a company that at first glance embodies values and skills very different to its own. At the
same time, Tata Motors has also made some very smart global moves through its purposeful joint
ventures and subsidiaries and through its product ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
India is not only becoming a key market for the sale of automobiles but also for the production of
automobiles. By 2016 India is expected to output 3 million of the world's small cars (compared to
the current production of 1.8 million for all passenger vehicles. Additionally, it is expected that more
and more parts of the supply chain will migrate to India as it provides low–cost supplies, highly
skilled engineers, and creative solution to automobile designs.
Although Tata Motors is a market leader for CVs in India, it falls a distant third to Maruti–Suzuki
for PVs. As of February 2010, Maruti–Suzuki captured 44% of the domestic PV market, whereas
Tata only has 14%, slightly behind Hyundai with 16%.
Maruti–Suzuki is a key domestic competitor, especially since it commands a first–mover advantage.
This is because it was the first to offer a modern car to India when it launched the Maruti800 in
1983. This name has become synonymous in India will small car.
Strategic Analysis
For strategic analysis both Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) and Porter's
Five Forces model have been used.
SWOT
Before Tata Motors can fully create and implement its local and global strategies, it must be

General Motors
Recommendations and Action Plan to bring about the changes needed at General Motors
INTRODUCTION This research paper presents some recommendations and a related action plan to
address the strategic changes which are deemed crucial to the survival of General Motors (GM). An
overview of the contemporary situation at the corporation is provided in this section of the paper,
which is then followed by specific recommendations and a strategic plan of action to bring about the
changes which are necessary for the company's survival in these turbulent times. The
recommendations and action plan are framed within the concept that "the strategic management
process is based upon the belief that organizations should continually monitor internal ... Show more
The senior managers were all from Toyota and quickly implemented an exact copy of the Toyota
Production System" (p.82). Unfortunately, the principles of this experience were not extrapolated
more widely into GM operations. Therefore, according to Christopher et al (2006), the survival and
consequent re–establishment of General Motors as an important strategic player within the industry
and on the world stage rests on the extent to which the company can: ' Create value for current and
potential customers. ' Create value for the organization and the industry in which it operates. ' Build
and sustain successful market relationships. ' Successfully manage relationships within crucial
networks. ' Successfully integrate marketing, customer service and quality. ' Develop and
implement, within a specific time frame, a comprehensive relationship strategy. The Current
Situation at General Motors On the 30th, March 2009, the newly appointed CEO of GM, Fritz
Henderson, reported that, "the administration has made it clear that it expects GM to expand and
accelerate its restructuring efforts. I want the American people to know that we understand and
accept this guidance. The road is tough, but the ultimate goal ' a leaner, stronger, viable GM ' is one
we share'' (2009). Despite these reassurances, neither Henderson or new chairman Kent Krusa are
assured of unconditional support from Steve

Electric Motors And The Future Of Electric Motors
Flick the switch and the lights usually comes on. This involves a but ton of electricity. Our past
ancestors would love to have these electric motors that we have today. You will find these motors
from everything to electric trains and remote controlled cars. As an example we will use a computer.
They usually have two but the biggest ones can have up to 12. They usually are used from the fan to
cool it down and the hard drive. These motors are in everything we use these days. From the fans we
use to the hair dryers to dry our hair. Without these we would still have horses and buggies. It's sad
that we use these things everyday and take them for granted. These little motors have six parts:
Armature or rotor, commutator, brushes, axle, field magnet, and DC power supply of some sort.
Most electric motors operate through the interaction between an electric motor's magnetic field and
winding currents to generate force. In certain applications, such as in regenerative braking with
traction motors in the transportation industry, electric motors can also be used in reverse as
generators to convert mechanical energy into electric power. Found in applications as diverse as
industrial fans, blowers and pumps, machine tools, household appliances, power tools, and disk
drives, electric motors can be powered by direct current sources, such as from batteries, motor
vehicles or rectifiers, or by alternating current sources, such as from the power grid, inverters or
generators. Small motors may be found in electric watches. General–purpose motors with highly
standardized dimensions and characteristics provide convenient mechanical power for industrial use.
The largest of electric motors are used for ship propulsion, pipeline compression and pumped–
storage applications with ratings reaching 100 megawatts. Electric motors may be classified by
electric power source type, internal construction, application, type of motion output, and so on.
Thomas Davenport developed the first real electric motor although Joseph Henry and Michael
Faraday created early motion devices using electromagnetic fields. The early motor created spinning
disks or levers that rocked back and forth. These devices could not do any work for humankind but
were

General Motors : A Motor Vehicle Company
Company background General Motors (GM) is a motor vehicle company that is involved in
designing, manufacturing, marketing, and distributing vehicles and vehicle parts. The company
began in Flint, Michigan with founder William "Billy" Durant in 1908. Durant's philosophy and
strategy was to "[build] a car for every purse and purpose" that would change the world of
automobiles and transportation for consumers. General Motors entered the global market in 1982
beginning with Zaragoza, Spain and slowly branched out to 35 other countries all across North and
South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Oceania. Thirteen brands that General Motors produces
vehicles for are Alpheon, Chevrolet, Buick, GMC, Cadillac, Holden, HSV, Opel, Vauxhall, Wuling,
Baojun, Jie Fang, and UzDaewoo. General Motors proceeded to follow along with technological
advances and economy friendly automobiles through series of hydrogen powered fuel–cell vehicles
and gas efficient cars.
In June of 2009, General Motors Corporation filed for bankruptcy, and later rebirthed as General
Motors Company in July 2009. As a smaller, leaner, and more focused company than GM
Corporation, the four brands kept under the GM name are Chevrolet, Buick, GMC, and Cadillac.
The company's top markets by sales are China, the United States, Brazil, the United Kingdom, and
Germany. General Motors Company has always been a well–known name in the automotive
industry, and is still around today.
Describe the situation
To begin,

General Motors
SWOT analysis of General Motors This is a General Motors Company SWOT analysis for 2013. For
more information on how to do SWOT analysis please refer to our article. Company background
General Motors Company (GM) is a corporate that designs, builds and sells cars and trucks. Name
Industries served Geographic areas served Headquarters Current CEO Revenue Profit Employees
Main Competitors General Motors Company Automotive Worldwide U.S. Daniel Akerson $ 152.3
billion (2012) $ 4.9 billion (2012) 202,000 (2012) BayerischeMotorenWerke AG, Chrysler Group
LLC, Daimler AG, Ford Motor Co., Honda Motor Company, Nissan Motor, Tata Motors, Ltd.,
Toyota Motor Corporation, Volkswagen AG and many other automotive companies. GM owns 18
brands, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
4. Car recalls. Last year, General Motors recalled 119,000 pickups due to missing hood latch. The
same year it had to recall it Chevrolet Volt and fix battery problems. Recalls are expensive and
damages brand reputation, especially when the company announces them so often. Opportunities 1.
Positive attitude towards "green" vehicles. Today consumers are more aware of the negative effects
(air pollution) caused by cars fueled by petrol and diesel. Large quantities of CO2 emissions
intensify greenhouse effect and negatively impact the life on earth. Thus, consumers are more likely
to buy new hybrid and electric cars that emit less CO2. 2. Increasing fuel prices. Increasing fuel
prices open up large markets for GM's hybrid and electric cars as consumers shift towards cheaper
fuel types. 3. Changing customer needs. By introducing new car models, General Motors would be
able to meet changing customer needs for smaller and more fuel–efficient cars. 4. Growth through
acquisitions. GM has successfully acquired many car companies in the past and should continue
doing so to gain new skills, assets and access to new markets. Threats 1. Fluctuating fuel prices. Due
to increasing extraction of shale gas, future fuel prices should drop and make electric and hybrid
cars less attractive. GM would treat the projects of hybrid and electric cars as losses, rather than
perspective future cars. On

Tesla Motors
INTRODUCTION
Tesla Motors is a global enterprise specializing in the design, production, and marketing of electric
powered vehicles founded in 2003 by the young businessman, Elon Musk. Elon is well known for
co–founding paypal, and now he amazes the world again with his incredible vision of Tesla Motors,
and being the main product architect. Tesla Motors appeals to the environmentally friendly market,
by currently being the only company to sell a zero–emission sports car. Tesla's fundamental motive
and selling point is producing only electric vehicles, as opposed to competing companies, producing
a combination hybrid, or diesel car.
Tesla Motors remains in its primitive stages. Being a relatively young and emergent company, Tesla
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Their slogan is, "Burn rubber, not gasoline." This is extremely beneficial for the company because it
gives them a brand image and a concentration, as well as the ability to focus all of their efforts on
being the best at electric vehicles. They've entirely ignored alternatives like diesel, ethanol, and
hybrids. They've strayed from the known gas–electric hybrid, and plug–in hybrid to focus on their
initial goal; zero–emissions, zero fuel. Competing companies like Ford, Chevrolet, and Toyota are
famous for the combination car, that can't be considered a true electric vehicle without the plug–in
and charge feature, and by still being partially fuel driven. On top of that, the Tesla Model S uses
about half the energy of a Toyota Prius per mile, and achieves double the range. By focusing
exclusively on the true electric vehicle, with a mindset that oil could run out one day, Tesla is unique
and far ahead of the game.
Not only does this provide the company an opportunity to focus all their efforts on the brand image,
but it creates a loyal and devoted customer base, in a sense. Drivers with the mindset that electric
vehicles are the future, like Tesla Motors, will share that vision with Tesla and continue to support
and buy from them.
Innovative Distribution
Tesla Motors has confronted the market in an entirely unique way for the auto making business.
Tesla plans to entirely bypass the dealer by providing vehicles directly to the consumer via the

Tata Motors
Tata Motors Limited is India 's largest automobile company, with consolidated revenues of INR
1,88,818 crores (USD 34.7 billion) in 2012–13. It is the leader in commercial vehicles in each
segment, and among the top in passenger vehicles with winning products in the compact, midsize
car and utility vehicle segments. It is also the world 's fourth largest truck and bus manufacturer.
The Tata Motors Group 's over 55,000 employees are guided by the mission "to be passionate in
anticipating and providing the best vehicles and experiences that excite our customers globally."
Established in 1945, Tata Motors ' presence cuts across the length and breadth of India. Over 7.5
million Tata vehicles ply on Indian roads, since the first rolled out in ... Show more content on
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In their power, speed, carrying capacity, operating economy and trims, they will introduce new
benchmarks in India and match the best in the world in performance at a lower life–cycle cost.
Tata Motors also introduced India 's first Sports Utility Vehicle in 1991 and, in 1998, the Tata Indica,
India 's first fully indigenous passenger car.
In January 2008, Tata Motors unveiled its People 's Car, the Tata Nano. The Tata Nano has been
subsequently launched, as planned, in India in March 2009, and subsequently in 2011 in Nepal and
Sri Lanka. A development, which signifies a first for the global automobile industry, the Nano brings
the joy of a car within the reach of thousands of families.
Tata Motors is equally focussed on environment–friendly technologies in emissions and alternative
fuels. It has developed electric and hybrid vehicles both for personal and public transportation. It has
also been implementing several environment–friendly technologies in manufacturing processes,
significantly enhancing resource conservation.
Through its subsidiaries, the company is engaged in engineering and automotive solutions,
automotive vehicle components manufacturing and supply chain activities, vehicle financing, and
machine tools and factory automation solutions.
Tata Motors is committed to improving the quality of life of communities by working on four thrust
areas – employability,

Tesla Motors
Tesla Motors
Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 1. Introduction Chapter 4 2. Motivation 4 3. Research
question and Sub questions 4 4. Interpretation 4 5. Scope/Delimitation 5 6. Methodology 6 6.1
Project type 6 6.2 Method 7 6.3 Theories and models used 7 6.4 Data collection 10 6.5 Structure 11
6.6 Critisium sources 11 7. Analysis 12 Part 1 12 7.1 Sub question 1 12 7.2 Sub question 2 17 Part 2
19 Tesla Financial 19 Part 3 23 7.3 Sub question 3 23 7.4 Sub question 4 24 7.5 Sub question 5 26
7.6 Sub question 6 28 7.7 Sub question 7 32 7.8 Sub ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
6. Methodology
* Project type * Theories and models used * Data collection * Structure * Criticism of sources and
methodology
6.1 Project type
The purpose of this study is to understand the Danish market behavior regarding the electric and
luxury cars as Tesla Motor. We chosen two parts consist of research analysis and reseach survey.
Part 1, reseach analysis is about internal and external analysis of the electric and luxury car industry.
This research method has guided appliance to contain, filter and analyse data for answering the
research question and sub questions.
Part 2, research survey describes the questionaire and the answer from 60 sample people in
Denmark. This research method has guided to know what the people are thinking and if they are
willing to buy Tesla or not. The statistic and hypothesis of proportion analysis will answer the
assumption of research question.
6.2 Method
Firstly, the relevant internal analysis will be described using value chain and VRIN analysis,
financial analysis, and portfolio (SBU analysis). The purpose of the analysis is to picture Tesla's
current strategies.
Secondly, Porter's 5 forces, customer behavior (7'o framework), PESTLE, market structure and size,
competitors analysis will be used to describe the electric car industry. The purpose of

The Collapse of General Motors
MGX 9660 – International Business Theory and Practice Case n°10: The Collapse of General
Motors PHAM Trang (23283300) REBOURG Malcolm (23625678) YAO Aileen (20460996) 1
Table of Contents I – Introduction................................................................................p 3 II – What
are the internal and external factors that contributed to GM's decline and eventual bankruptcy
protection application?...........................p 4  Internal
Factors................................................................................p 4  Extenal
Factors...............................................................................p 5 III – Discuss the latest stage of the new
(smaller) GM...............................p 6  What are the characterisics of the new
GM?............................................p 6  Some encouraging signs of
recovery.....................................................p 9  Threats regarding GM's trials ... Show more content
This heavy burden made the business impossible to sustain in the long run. High cost of internal
supplies GM's decline can also be concluded by the failure of cost cut. As sales decline, variable
costs, manufacturing costs and material purchases should also be reduced. However, since GM has
significant fixed costs, for instance the pensions and healthcare costs, it has been difficult to do costs
cut in a successful way. As a result, the total costs of GM remain much higher than the one of its
competitors. Wrong evaluation of customer needs Since 1980, GM has failed to respond to customer
preference and needs. This resulted in wrong focus on vehicle types in the U.S. market as customers
preferred smaller, cheaper and more efficient cars rather than the bigger vehicle that GM had to
offer. However, GM's profit mainly relies on the sale of SUVs and trucks, which is no more popular
and this led to the decline of sales and revenues. In addition, GM's cars are less fuel efficient
compared to its competitors such as Toyota and Honda. This resulted in a decrease of GM sales in
Asian and American markets. Furthermore, there is little differentiation among the vehicles
produced, so the various customer needs cannot be satisfied and it is more likely for customers to
switch to other brands that have better design. 4 External Factors Powerful competitors Toyota,
one of GM's most powerful competitor, has

Gross-Motor
Gross–Motor pertains to movements related to our large muscles (e.g., legs, arms). As noted in our
text book, "Gross motor–skills provide a foundation for fine motor–development, cognition,
communication, adaptive skills, and social and emotional competence in the typically developing
child" (Hooper&Umansky,p. 163). Fine–Motor applies to movements related to small muscle
groups (e.g., hands, fingers). During the first three months, infants displaying typical development,
are working on postural control and rotation of their bodies. While on their tummy babies will lift to
hold up their head, and push their bodies up with their arms. At four to six months babies are sitting
up supported by their own hands and can reach to play with feet.

Tesla Motors
St. John's University
Graduate Student Managed Investment Fund
Presents:
Tesla Motors, Inc.: TSLA
Analysts:
Rutvig Bhatt (rutvig@gmail.com)
Yanchen Liu (yanchen.liu12@stjohns.edu)
Gaoting Liu (liugaoting@gmail.com)
Kevin Shanker (kevin.shanker05@stjohns.edu)
Share Data:
Fundamentals:
Price 5/7/14: $201.35
GAAP EPS (FY Dec'13): –0.62
Market Cap: $24.80B
E[EPS2015]: 1.83
52 Week Range: $63.69 – $265.00
Beta: 1.10
1
Contents
1. Executive Summary............................................................3
2. Company Overview............................................................3
3. Industry Analysis...............................................................8
3.1 Industry Overview.........................................................9
3.2 Analysis of Competitive Forces – Porter's 5 Forces..................9
4. Fundamental Analysis........................................................11 ... Show more content on

Helpwriting.net ...
On May 21, 2010, Tesla announced a
"strategic partnership" with Toyota, which agreed to purchase US$50 million in Tesla common stock
issued in a private placement to close immediately after the IPO.
Executives at both companies said that they would cooperate on "the development of electric
vehicles, parts, and production system and engineering support." Less than two months later, Toyota
and Tesla confirmed that their first platform collaboration would be to build an electric version of
the RAV4 EV. On June 29, 2010 Tesla Motors launched its initial public offering on NASDAQ. The
IPO raised US$226 million at
$17 per share for the company. It was the first American car–maker to go public since the Ford
Motor Company had its IPO in 1956.
Model S
The Model S was announced in a press release on June 30, 2008. Retail deliveries began in the U.S.
in June 2012, in Europe on August 2013 and in China in
April 2014. The United States Environmental Protection Agency range for the 85 kW·h battery pack
model, the first time launched in the United States market, is 265 mi (426 km), and 208 mi (335 km)
for the model with the 60 kW·h battery. It also includes a mobile charger, which can be used with
the regular plug in and can charge up to 26 miles per hour.
In October 2011, Tesla reached 6,500 reservations for the Model S for delivery beginning in June
2012. Tesla expects global sales of 35,000 units in 2014, a
55% increase

Stepper Motors
1. Introduction
This is the first in a series of articles on using Forth to interact with the real world. We will explore
how to control motors of various types (such as servomotors and stepper motors), switch power to
devices, and sense the environment. Each article will present a project that can be used to
demonstrate the ideas we are going to discuss.
In this first article, I want to lay the foundation for the future columns and discuss the use of the PC
parallel port to control stepper motors. We will adopt the fantasy that we are working on some
microprocessor–based control application and will be using the PC parallel port as a proxy for the
digital I/O channels on our controller. To the extent possible, the code will be ... Show more content
The control is relative, meaning that there is no way to determine the shaft position directly. You can
only command the motor to rotate a certain amount clockwise or counter–clockwise from its current
position. These "commands" consist of energizing the various motor coils in a particular sequence of
patterns. Each pattern causes the motor to move one step. Smooth motion results from presenting
the patterns in the proper order.
Features that stepper motors provide include:
* Excellent rotational accuracy * Large torque * Small size * Work well over a range of speeds *
Can be used for motion or position control
There are two types of stepper motors:
* Bipolar motors, with two coils. These have four wires on them (see Figure One–a). They are tricky
to control because they require changing the direction of the current flow through the coils in the
proper sequence. We will discuss these motors further when we get to the topic of DC motor control.
* Unipolar motors, with two center–tapped coils which can be treated as four coils (see Figure One–
b). These have six or eight (or sometimes five) wires, and can be controlled from a microprocessor
with little more than four transistors (see Figure Two).
Figure One. (a) The internal arrangement of the coils for a bipolar stepper motor. (b) The internal
arrangement of the coils for a unipolar stepper motor. Wires a through d are

General Motors Case
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY General Motors is primarily engaged in automotive production and
marketing and financing and insurance operations. GM designs, manufactures, and markets vehicles
worldwide, have its largest operating presence in North America. The core competence of General
Motors is innovation. This is the driving force behind its $190 above turnover. General Motors has
been utilizing innovation in service ad technology to secure itself a dominant position in the
automobile industry, since 1908. The main problems faced by General motors are declining U.S.
automobile market share, high pension costs, rising fuel prices, lack of differentiated products,
inability to generate revenues from its core activity (manufacture of cars), over ... Show more
2. General Motors pension fund obligations and health care obligations appear to threaten the future
of the company. Majority of General Motors' U.S. employees are members of the United Auto
Worker (UAW) Union, which ensures health insurance for its members by entering into contractual
agreements with employers. The United Auto Workers' officers and GM's senior managers decided
decades ago to agree to high pension and health benefits in exchange for reduced increases in
wages. Health care benefits are tax–free income for workers. Even retired workers are covered. It
seemed like a low–risk deal for GM. Nobody thought about the price effects on health care of
Medicare. The health care market (15% of the U.S. GDP), like all markets, is a giant auction. If
bidders get their hands on more money, they will bid up prices. All over America, workers are
bidding health care prices. So are retirees. General Motors is therefore required to incur heavy
expenditure on health insurance for its U.S. employees. Healthcare costs have increased by double
digit in the past decade and now represent approximately $1,500 of the cost of each vehicle
produced, there is more health care than steel in a GM vehicle's price tag .This is one of the main
reasons it lost $1 billion in the first quarter of 2005. Then there are GM's retirees: Health care for
retirees and their families – there are 2.6 of them for every active worker – is 69 percent of GM's

Tesla Motors
Andrew Martin
COMM 336
Informative Paper
4/4/2013
Tesla Motors Tesla Motors is a car company that designs, manufactures and sells electric vehicles.
This public company was founded in 2003 by Ian Wright, JB Straubel, Marc Tarpenning, Martin
Eberhard and most notably Elon Musk. Its headquarters is located in Palo Alto, California, with its
main production plant in Fremont, California. The company was named after Nikola Tesla, a
renowned electrical engineer and physicist. Its goal is to increase the number of EV's (Electric
Vehicles) available to the market to help make it more mainstream. Currently, Tesla motors have
produced two models, the Tesla Roadster and the Model S, and has unveiled a third, the Model X. In
the Future, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This power has allowed it to win the Monet Carlo Alternative Energy Rally and the Federation
Inernationale di I'Automobile. The EPA rates the Roadsters range at 244 miles but at 25mph, it can
accomplish 300 miles, the current distance record for a production EV. Production ceased in 2012
and over 2,250 Roadsters have been sold worldwide. Tesla's next move was to build a more practical
4 door sedan for a broader market. These would be built at the Tesla Factory in Fremont, California.
Unlike the Tesla Roadster, the entire car would be built at the factory rather than just putting a motor
in an existing car. The Model S is the first production car to come out of the newly purchased
factory and deliveries began in June of 2012. Three packages are available, with the Performance
package boasting 420 hp and an EPA range of 265 miles. Although the car weighs over 2 tons, its
low center of gravity allows for excellent handling and because it's driven by an electric motor with
no gear box, it can still accelerate from 0 to 60 mph in 4.4 seconds. Another difference of the Model
S over the Roadster is its charging ability. An optional supercharger can add 150 miles of range in
just 30 minutes and can fully charge the cars battery in just one hour. Tesla is adding Supercharging
stations across the country and is free to use for Tesla owners. These Supercharging stations are
solar powered and any extra power is fed back

Objectives Of Tata Motors
INTRODUCTION: Tata motors limited is the India's largest automobile company, with the
consolidated revenues of INR 2, 62,796 crores in the year of 2014–15. It is the leader in the
commercial vehicles in each segment, and among the top in the passenger vehicles with the winning
products in the compact, midsize cars and the utility vehicle segments. The Tata motors group has
over 60,000 employees are been guided by the mission "to be passionate in anticipating and
providing the best vehicle and experience that excite our customer globally. It has been established
in the year of 1945, Tata motors presence cuts across the length and the breath of India. Over 8
million Tata vehicles ply on Indian roads, since the first rolled out ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The Tata motors is expanding its international footprints established through the exports since 1961.
The company's commercial and the passenger vehicles are already being marketed in the several
countries in the Europe, Africa, middle east, south east Asia, south Asia, south America, Australia,
cis and Russia. It has the franchise and the joint venture assembly operations in Bangladesh,
Ukraine and Senegal. The company's today has R&D centres in Pune, Jamshedpur, Lucknow, and
Dharwad in India and in South Korea, Italy, Spain and the UK. Tata Motors is committed to
improving the quality of life of communities by working on four thrust areas – employability,
education, health and environment. The activities touch the lives of more than a million citizens.
The company's support on education and employability is focused on youth and women. They range
from schools to technical education institutes to actual facilitation of income generation. In health,
the company's intervention is in both preventive and curative health care. The goal of environment
protection is achieved through tree plantation, conserving water and creating new water bodies and,
last but not the least, by introducing appropriate technologies in vehicles and operations for
constantly enhancing

The Ford Motor Company And General Motors
The largest contributor to Canada's Gross Domestic Product is Canada's largest manufacturing
employer (Canadian Vehicle Manufacturers Association, 2011), but how has this sector surpassed all
other industries? and how has this sector survived all the economic destructions riddled throughout
Canada's history? This is the Canadian automotive industry and it is enormous and powerful yet so
threatened by politics. Two of the largest players in the automotive industry are the Ford Motor
Company and General Motors. By comparing the two paths both parallel companies have taken
throughout over one hundred years of operations (Dykes, 2015), we can expose proper and improper
business strategies within Canada. We can adventure through the strengths built up by management,
the weaknesses that have attacked through the inside, the potential opportunities forecasted to arise,
and the threats that may enforce themselves towards these industrial giants. From this we may be
able to gather just what it takes to survive the Canadian market. The Ford Motor company was
founded in Windsor Ontario in 1904 and initiated the commercialization of the automotive industry
in Canada (Dykes, 2015). Four years later in 1908 General Motors was founded by Colonel R.S.
Mclaughlin. The government of Canada had placed tariffs, long before the invention of the working
combustion engine, on carriages entering Canada (Melandon, 2009). This in turn forced
entrepreneurs like Mclaughlin to establish manufacturing

Tesla Motors, Inc.
Tesla Motors, Inc. is an American automotive and energy storage giant firm that designs and
manufactures electronically powered cars, their components and battery products. Tesla Motors is a
public company that trades on the NASDAQ stock exchange under the symbol TSLA. Tesla
reported profit in first quarter of 2013, which was first time ever in their history. Since its foundation
in 2003, Tesla Motors has recorded most noticeable breakthroughs in the market of electric vehicles
by their own developed power–train technology. The technology was founded by group of engineers
in Silicon Valley who wanted to prove that electronic cars could outperform the gasoline powered
cars. With instant torque, incredible power, and zero emissions, Tesla's products would be cars
without compromise. Each new generation would be increasingly economic, helping the company
work towards its mission: to accelerate the world's transition to sustainable transport. In 2012, Tesla
launched Model S. Built from the ground up to be 100 percent electric. With room for seven
passengers and more than 64 cubic feet of storage, Model S provides the comfort and utility of a
family sedan while achieving the acceleration of a sports car: 0 to 60 mph in about five seconds and
driving range of 265 miles per charge. Model S was named Motor Trend's 2013 Car of the Year and
achieved a 5–star safety rating from the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
Tesla's vehicles are produced at its factory in

Essay On Dc Motors
ABSTRACT Brushless permanent magnet DC motors are being manufactured and used increasingly
in everything from home appliances to automobiles due to their inherent advantages. The merits of
these motors could be enhanced further according to another design approach method which alters
the typically used winding parts for low to medium power range motors. This paper deals with the
high power brushless DC motor used for traction in a 48 V golf cart system. The stator is designed
with segment rectangular copper winding to maximize output power within its limited dimensions.
In the design process, the closed slot opening and slot–pole combination are investigated and
compared in terms of efficiency and input current density. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
With no windings on the rotor, they are not subjected to centrifugal forces, and because the windings
are supported by the housing, they can be cooled by conduction, requiring no airflow inside the
motor for cooling. This in turn means that the motor 's internals can be entirely enclosed and
protected from dirt or other foreign matter. Brushless motor commutation can be implemented in
software using a microcontroller or computer, or may alternatively be implemented in analogue
hardware or digital firmware using an FPGA. Commutation with electronics instead of brushes
allows for greater flexibility and capabilities not available with brushed DC motors, including speed
limiting, "micro stepped" operation for slow and/or fine motion control, and a holding torque when
stationary. 3. COGGING TORQUE:– Cogging torque of electrical motors is the torque due to the
interaction between the permanent magnets of the rotor and the statorslots of a Permanent Magnet
(PM) machine. It is also known as detent or 'no–current ' torque. This torque is position dependent
and its periodicity per revolution depends on the number of magnetic poles and the number of teeth
on the stator. Cogging torque is an undesirable component for

Essay on Tesla Motors
Telsa Motors, Incorporated
As upper–level management it is important to understand the key components of cost–volume–
profit analysis. Identifying objectives including concepts related to CVP is crucial to the absorption
of information. The paper provides a summary of Tesla Motors, the company outlined. Explaining
the relationship between cost–volume–profit analysis is discussed as well as how the company is
using this tool to maximize production and profit.
Summary
Tesla Motors, Inc. is a company based in Silicon Valley. Telsa designs, manufactures, and sells
electronic cars. Telsa is a publically traded company that trades in NASDAQ stock exchange. Telsa
became well known after producing the Telsa Roadster, the first ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Reaching the break–even point, the point where there is no loss or gains in terms of profit, proves
that Tesla is setting their business up for success as they will begin to see revenue after hitting this
mark (Kimmel, Weygandt, & Kieso, 2009). The only problem Tesla faces is the huge demand for
their product with more than 5,000 advanced orders pending fulfillment (Morris, 2012). If Tesla is
cannot meet this demand while keeping expenses down yet filling these orders in a timely manner,
revenue will be lost as well as credibility and reliability of Telsa to deliver to their customers' needs.
Components of Cost–Volume–Profit Analysis According to, Skills for Business Decisions, "Cost–
volume–profit (CVP) analysis examines changes in profits in response to changes in sales volumes,
costs, and prices." (Kimmel P.D. 2009) A company's profit is the CVP profit equation of Profit =
Revenue – Expenses. A Cost–volume–profit (CVP) analysis consists of five basic components that
include: ▪ Volume/level of the activity ▪ The Unit selling price ▪ The Variable cost per unit ▪ The
Total fixed cost ▪ The Sales mix The components are essential to predicting profit margins and
measuring the success of the company. Each component has an effect on profits. Lesser volume,
increased cost per unit, and reduce sales would

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