Full powerpoint presentation on speed detecting camera for seminar

1. Seminar
On
SPEED DETECTION CAMERA
Prepared by : Kandarp Kumar Tiwari
Roll No. : 1209010085 (B. Tech 6th Semester)
Department of
Computer Science & Engineering
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2.  INTRODUCTION
 HISTORY
 WHY SPEED DETECTING CAMERA ?
 ARCHITECTURE
 INTRODUCING DOPPLER’S EFFECT
 HOW WELL DOES IT WORKS?
Operating during the rain and mist
Measurement range
Reaction time
Continuous transmission
Discrimination
Objectives
 ON THE WRONG SIDE OF THE LAW
The need for public communications
 COMMUNICATIONS AND PUBLIC
AWARENESS
 ADVANTAGES
 FUTURE TECHNOLOGIES
 CONCLUSION
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3. Introduction
 A speed detecting camera is an
automated ticketing machine that
includes a camera mounted invariably
behind road signs or trees.
 The speed cameras are used to identify
and prosecute those drivers that pass
by them when exceed the stipulated
speed limit.
 To enforce these speed limit; laws are
passed making speed an offence and
signs are erected were off to indicate
the maximum permissible speeds.
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4. An Older Speed Camera
History
 Speed cameras were introduced in west London
in 1982 and following their success in reducing
speed related crashes.
 Speed cameras are recommended under use to
reduce road casualties. The speed camera is also
known as" safety cameras".
 Speed camera uses the basic principle of Doppler
Effect and RADAR technologies.
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5. Why Speed Detecting
Camera ?
 Control Vehicle Speed
 Traffic Control
 Crime Control
 Accident Control
 In Sports
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6. Architecture
 The basic of every speed camera is a
SHF generator, which can transmit
the beams in specific directions.
 Radar makes the use of
electromagnetic waves to detect
objects
 It gives the information about speed,
distance, objects.
 It uses Doppler’s Effect to determine
the vehicle speed.
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7. Introducing Doppler’s Effect
 The apparent change in pitch due to relative motion between source
and observer is known as Doppler’s Principle.
 The Doppler Effect is the change in frequency of a wave for an
observer moving relative to its source
 The principle of speed camera that is the Doppler's effect can be
described by the formula
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8. Doppler’s Effect Formula
f M = 2vfEcos(α/c)
Where,
 fM if the frequency of the received signal
 v is the speed of vehicles
 f E if the frequency of transmitted signal
 α is the angle between the transmitted
signal and path along which the vehicle
travels
 c is propagation speed of the signal in the
air.
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10. How Well Does It Works?
 Operating during the rain or mist:
 When it rains it comes down vertically which is right
angles to the RADAR beam, bringing about a Doppler
effect of zero (cos 90=0 so Fm=0).
 Since mist doesn't move with respect to RADAR
beams it will be practically invisible to the receiver and
the measurements are completely unaffected.
Doppler RADAR
Measurement Range:
Depends on two factors:-
the power of SHF oscillators
the sensitivity of the detector.
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11.  Reaction time:
 Older models required by about half a second to take a reliable
measurement.
 Current models uses special DSP algorithms with the very short time, making
extremely fast readings possible.
 Continuous transmission:
 RADAR does not need to have its oscillators functioning continuously. It only
needs to be active long enough to stabilize and take a measurement. Actual
RADAR equipment works on the random basis or is activated only when a
vehicle comes nearby.
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12.  Discrimination:
 When several vehicles traveling at
different speeds encounter at the
RADAR beams the resulting Doppler
signal contains a mixture of signals at
different frequency.
 There are however newer systems that
can measure the speed of the several car
simultaneously without discrimination.
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13. On The Wrong Side Of Law
 There are two types of Anti-Radars:
 Jamming devices- The jamming
devices are simply SHF oscillators,
which are used to send ' take ' signal to
the speed camera, the electronic circuit
in the radar can detect such jamming
signals and notify the police.
 Detectors- A detector on the other
hand consists of the simple SHF
receiver. These are relatively simple
circuit containing a microwave
detector an alarm.
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14. Communications and Public Awareness
 The need for public communications:
 We should make people aware of the speeding and benefits of speed cameras. We should make
awareness in the local level, national level and also in government level.
 There are many publicity campaigns, for example called ‘THINK!’ which includes messages
about the risks and other consequences of speeding.
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15. Advantages
 Speed Control of Vehicles
 Economic Benefit
 Tax for rich and passionate riders
 Good for Environment
 High speed is bad for communities
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16. Future Technologies
 A speed camera designed to catch speeding motorist.
 The asset camera should be able to pick out the drivers who are not wearing helmet.
 Identify tailgating.
 Can also note number plate and recognise cars with out-of-date tax and licence.
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17. Conclusion
 A new approach to vehicle extraction and speed detection was proposed.
 These camera reduces accidents and protects the innocent road users.
 The system also provides location and velocity information of each vehicle.
 In general speed camera are perceived to be good idea because they protect
innocent road users and pedestrians.
 So on utilizing the strategies in the right way, we can reduce 40 percent it of
accidents
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