Automotive 10

LESSON 2
MOVING AND
POSITIONING VEHICLE
(MPV)

l. Introduction:
Completing this lesson can make you:
• demonstrate an understanding of concepts and underlying
principles in moving and positioning vehicle
• shall be able to move and position vehicle based on industry
standards
• Prepare the vehicle for driving
Perform correct check up procedures of engine system

1.1.1 Check up procedures
Driving an automobile is one of the potentially most dangerous things
people do, but you can prevent certain problems if you know how to check
your car before driving. Visual inspections may prevent an accident caused
by a blown tire, and many other potential hazards.
To check before driving:
a. Oil level f. Tire pressure
b. Brake fluid g. Position of driving gear
c. Clutch fluid h. Lighting and warning devices
d. Coolant level
e. Battery (electrolyte)

1.1.2 To check before driving
a. Oil level

b. Brake fluid

c. Clutch fluid

d. Coolant level

e. Battery (electrolyte)

f. Tire pressure

g. Position of driving gear

h.1 Lighting and warning devices

h.2 Lighting and warning devices

ll. Introduction
Identify or select vehicle to be moved or repositioned as per job
requirement
• Drive vehicle safely to the designated location according to job
specification
• Park vehicle properly following safety procedures and techniques

2.1.1 Types of vehicles
What's the difference between a hatchback and a wagon? A
crossover and an SUV? We often get these questions from our readers. If
you have a hard time telling the difference between a wagon and a
hatchback, don't despair. It's tough for us as well.
It seems that automakers have intentionally made it difficult to
classify vehicles. Why? They want their cars to stand out, and will often try
to market a vehicle as a new category.
Mercedes-Benz advertises its CLS-Class sedan as a "four-door
coupe." It's a great-looking car with a diving roof line, but the four-door
coupe category doesn't really exist. BMW was also guilty of this sort of
colorful naming when it presented the X5 as a Sports Activity Vehicle (SAV)
rather than as a more recognizable SUV.

To help you sort through this auto industry jargon, I’ve gathered the
various vehicle categories on our site and translated them into user-friendly
terms. Keep in mind that these are broad definitions, meant to ease the
confusion of shopping for a vehicle. Some categories will be open to
interpretation and, in some situations, a vehicle can occupy multiple
categories. For example, the Mercedes-Benz E-Class is offered as a
sedan, coupe, wagon, diesel and convertible.
Ultimately, the name of the category isn't as important as the utility
that a vehicle provides you. Take the time to research and find the right car
for you.

Convertible:
If you can drop the top to feel the wind in your hair, the car is a convertible.
Convertibles, sometimes called cabriolets or roadsters, come with either a
soft folding top or a retractable hardtop. A few examples of convertibles are
the Audi A5 cabriolet, Ford Mustang convertible and the Mazda MX-5
Miata.

Coupe:
A coupe has two doors and a conventional trunk or a sloping back with a
hinged rear cargo hatch that opens upward. Cars with removable roof
panels like the Chevrolet Corvette are still considered coupes rather than
convertibles.

Crossover:
Crossovers are tall wagons and SUVs that are based on a passenger-car
platform's architecture (as opposed to a truck's) for improved ride, comfort
and fuel economy. They come in all sizes, and many offer a third-row seat.
A light-duty four-wheel-drive or all-wheel-drive system is usually optional. A
few crossover examples are the Acura MDX, Chevrolet Equinox, Ford

Diesel:
A diesel is a vehicle whose engine runs on diesel fuel rather than gasoline.
Diesel engines can be found on trucks like the Chevrolet Silverado
2500HD or on passenger vehicles like the Volkswagen Jetta TDI and
Mercedes Benz E-Class Bluetec. Diesels are more fuel-efficient and offer
more torque than their gasoline counterparts.

Hatchback:
A hatchback is a car with a two- or four-door body configuration and a
sloping back with a hinged rear cargo hatch that opens upward. The
Honda Fit and the Volkswagen Golf are some examples. One way to
differentiate a hatchback from a wagon is to see if its roof line suddenly
dips past the doors. If it does, it's a hatchback.

Hybrid/Electric:
A hybrid vehicle has both a gasoline-powered engine and an electric motor
that operate in unison and/or independently to propel the vehicle. Some
hybrids are based on existing models like the Ford Fusion Hybrid, while
others like the Toyota Prius have no gas-power-only version. These
vehicles are known for their exceptional fuel economy. Electric vehicles like
the Nissan Leaf or on the high end, the Tesla Model S, have no gas engine
and must be recharged after driving.

Luxury:
Most people bases the luxury type on the model's nameplate: Audi, BMW,
Cadillac, Lexus, Mercedes-Benz and the like. However, some listed
vehicles bear the nameplates of brands that are not typically considered
luxury marques. These vehicles typically achieve luxury status because of
their price. The $78,000 Toyota Land Cruiser is one of these.

Minivan:
A minivan has a short hood and a box-shaped body enclosing a large
passenger/cargo area. You can't go to a kids' soccer game without seeing
one of these. Commonly known minivans are the Dodge Grand Caravan,
Honda Odyssey and Toyota Sienna.

Sedan:
A sedan has four doors and a conventional trunk or a sloping back with a
hinged rear trunk lid that opens upward. Sedans can be as small as a
Chevrolet Sonic or as large as a Rolls-Royce Phantom.

SUV:
Sport-utility vehicles offer available four-wheel or all-wheel drive and raised
ground clearance in combination with a two- or four-door body. Most SUVs,
like the Chevrolet Tahoe and the Toyota 4Runner, are traditionally based
on truck platforms.

Truck:
A truck has two or four doors and an exposed cargo bed. They can range
in size from the midsize Toyota Tacoma to the full-size Ford F-150.

Wagon:
Wagons have all the same passenger room and driving characteristics as
the sedans they're based on, but offer more cargo room. A few of the larger
wagons even offer a third-row seat. Automakers sometimes come up with
names like "Avant" or "Sportback" or avoid the term wagon altogether.
Here's an easy way to determine whether a vehicle is a wagon: The roof
line of a wagon continues past the rear doors. A few wagon examples are
the BMW 3 Series Wagon, Ford Flex and Volkswagen Jetta Sportwagen.

2.2.1.1 Driving procedures and technique
Manual transmission
Driving a manual transmission is a task that takes some training,
but can be accomplished by pretty much anyone who puts their mind to
it. Driving a manual transmission smoothly, especially one in a truck or
other large vehicle, takes some knowledge and finesse. Larger vehicles,
with a manual transmission are more difficult to drive smoothly because
of the larger engine, more rigid transmission, and heavy flywheel, but
anyone can learn to drive any manual transmission vehicle with enough
training and practice.

METHOD 1
Starting Out
1. Move the gearstick into neutral by putting it in between third and fourth
gear. (when you're in neutral, the gearstick should move freely from left to
right).
2. Depress the clutch fully. Even
though you're already in neutral,
depressing the clutch before
starting the engine prevents the
car jumping forward if you forgot
to do step 1.

3. Start the car.

4. Next, push the gearstick into the first gear.

5. Slowly release the clutch and add to the accelerator, until it begins to
engage slightly. You notice a point reaches that the head of the car in
front of your sight jolts up a bit and there will be a slight decrease in the
engine's RPM. Release the handbrake at this point but don't release the
clutch fully.

6. Continue to slowly release the clutch as you press on the accelerator
slowly. Keep the RPMs only slightly above idle: manage this with the
throttle as you consistently release the clutch with your left foot.

7. Continue slowly adding more throttle and slowly release the clutch
until the clutch is fully engaged.

8. Accelerate as normal.

METHOD 2
Up-Shifting
1. Determine when you need to shift up a gear by the engine's speed.
When your engine RPM starts to get above the normal range (about
2500-3000rpm commonly), you usually need to change gear.
Note that when you need to
accelerate quickly or climb uphill,
you should usually let the engine
rev higher than when
accelerating on a flat surface or
you'll "lug" the engine which will
lead to ignition timing problems.

2. Begin the shifting process by removing your foot from the
accelerator and depressing the clutch. Make sure that clutch is fully
depressed before moving the gearstick or you may grind the gears.

3. Move the gearstick to the next highest gear.

5. Put both hands back on the steering wheel.
Why? You will have better control of the vehicle if you're going round a
corner. When you change gear, you're pushing a selector fork against a
rotating collar and you then push that collar into the gear you want to be
in. If you hold the gearstick, you have a stationery object (the selector
fork) that is being pushed against a spinning collar and you will wear out
4. Release the clutch and add the
throttle. As with starting out, the clutch
and throttle should be managed
together to ensure a smooth shift,
although generally when the car is
already moving, you can release the
clutch a little more quickly than when
starting off.

METHOD 3
Downshifting
1. As with upshifting, you should use the engine's speed to determine
when to shift down a gear. When your RPM starts to get too low, you will
feel the engine lag a bit, and the accelerator will become less responsive.
A common time you will need to shift down to
a lower gear is after you have slowed down to
turn around a corner. In general, you should
decelerate with the brake before you turn
around the corner.

Once you have decelerated, change down a gear, and use the engine to
pull you smoothly through the corner. Do not coast through corners, as
this greatly reduces your ability to control the vehicle. (Coasting is where
you travel with the clutch fully depressed or in neutral gear).

2. Begin the gear change by removing your foot from the accelerator and
depressing the clutch. You want to remove your foot from the accelerator
a little ahead of the clutch movement to avoid the engine from revving up
as the clutch releases.

3. Depress the clutch fully, then move the gearstick to a lower gear.

4. Slowly release the clutch. This will begin to bring the engine up to
speed. Gently use the accelerator to match the engine's speed to that of
the transmission.

5. Release the clutch fully.

METHOD 4
Braking To a Stop
1. Leave the vehicle in gear, and begin braking.

2. Decelerate until the RPMs are just above idle.

3. Depress the clutch and bring the stick into a lower gear e.g. if you're
close to a junction where you need to give way, put the car in 2 (often
known as 2nd) and then you can release the clutch (to rest your foot and
save wear on the clutch bearings).

4. Continue braking normally until you are about to stop.

5. Just before you stop (usually less than a mile-per-hour) push the
clutch in so you don't stall while continuing to brake. If you're on a slope,
apply the handbrake then release the brake pedal.

METHOD 5
Stopping on an Incline
1. Brake as normal until you have almost come to a complete stop, then
use the parking break to hold your car in place without rolling backwards.

2. When you are ready to take off again, release the clutch a little while
gently applying the gas as you would do in method one above.

3. Once the car starts to "bog down" release the parking brake.

4. At this point the car should move forward, but it may take practice.
Continue to gradually let out the clutch while gently applying more gas
until the clutch is all the way out.
The quicker you release the
clutch the less wear, so the idea
is to release the clutch as
quickly as you can while still
making your car move forward
smoothly.

Automatic transmission
Cars with automatic transmissions are very popular for both new and
experienced drivers, as they are generally simpler to operate than manual
transmissions and can be more comfortable for long trips.
These simple steps will guide you in learning to operate an automatic
transmission, but remember: before operating any motor vehicle, please
make sure you have a valid driver's license and understand all local traffic
laws.

PART 1
Preparing to Drive
1. Get into your car.
Unlock the vehicle with
a clicker or key and
climb into the driver's
side.

2. Adjust the car to your
needs. Adjust your seat in
any direction you are able
to/find necessary so that you
can comfortably reach any
controls and see well out of
windows. Move the mirrors so
you can see behind and to
the sides of the vehicle
clearly. Identify the car's blind
spots before you start driving,
so that you can check them
before making any turns or
lane changes.

3. Identify the controls. It
essential to find the
accelerator and brake pedals,
the steering wheel, the gear
selector lever, the light
controls, the defroster, and
the windshield wipers before
you begin.

(a.)The brake and accelerator pedals are located at the bottom front of
the area where your feet are. The brake pedal is on the left, the
accelerator is on the right.
(b.)The steering wheel is the large wheel in the center of the driver's
console. Turn it to the left and right to turn the wheels of the vehicle.
(c.) Located on the steering column (usually on the left side) is a small
lever that has a rest position in the middle and two locking positions
above and below. This is the turn signal. Often on the left side of the
steering wheel mounted into the console or a knob on one of the levers
on the steering column is the control which turns the headlights on and
off.

(d.) The gear selector lever will usually be in one of two places: it is either
mounted to the right side of the steering column or in-between the
driver's and passenger's seats. It will have a display showing gear
indicators, usually marked with the letters "P", "D", "N", and "R" and a few
numbers. On steering-column shifting levers, this display is usually
located on the instrument panel, underneath the speedometer.

4. Fasten your seat belt.
Ensure that you and any
passengers in your vehicle
are wearing seat belts at
all times.

PART 2
Operating the Vehicle in "Drive"
1. Start the car. Place
your right foot on the
brake pedal and push it
down, then insert the
key and turn it clockwise
to start the vehicle.

2. Select your gear. Keep
your foot on the brake
pedal and shift the gear
lever into "Drive." This
gear is marked with a "D"
on the display panel, and
will be highlighted when
you've successfully
selected it.

The For shift levers mounted on the steering column, pull the lever
towards you before moving it up and down to select a gear.
For shift levers mounted on the floor, there is usually a side button
to unlock the lever. It can then be moved along its track into position.

4. Check your surroundings. Look all around the car, including blind
spots, to see if there are any moving objects or beings in the vicinity.
Make sure to keep your eyes mainly on the direction you're moving.

7. Apply the brakes to
slow or stop the car. Take
your right foot off the
accelerator pedal and
move it to the brake,
applying gradual
pressure so as not to jerk
to a halt. When you wish
to start again, switch your
foot back to the
accelerator.

8. Park the car. When you
have reached your
destination, bring the vehicle
to a complete stop by
applying gradual pressure to
the brake pedal and slide the
shift lever back into the "P"
position. Turn off the engine
by turning the key counter-
clockwise. Don't forget to
turn off the headlights and
apply the parking brake
before getting out of the car.

PART 3
Operating Alternative Gears
1. Travel in Reverse. If you
need to travel backward, make
sure the vehicle is at a complete
stop before changing gears in or
out of "reverse." Slide the gear
shift to select the gear marked
"R" and check behind/ around
you for any possible
obstructions. Gently remove
your foot from the brake and
place it on the accelerator.

When turning in Reverse, your car will turn in the same direction
that you turn the wheel. You're just going backwards, so the end of the
car will swing in that direction, rather than the front.
2. Use "neutral." The "neutral" gear is only to be used when you have no
need to control the speed of your car, not when driving regularly.
Examples of this include when idling parked for a short time or when
being pushed/towed.
3. Use the lower gears. The gears marked "1," "2," and "3" are known as
lower gears. These can work as a sort of in-engine brake system when
you need to save your actual brakes. Going down steep hills is a good
use of this technique. 1st gear, however, is only to be used when you
must go very slowly. There is no need to stop when shifting between
these gears and Drive.

2.3.1 Safety signs and symbols in driving
List of Traffic Signs in the Philippines
To get a DRIVER'S LICENSE in the Philippines, you need to pass the
LTO (Land Transporatation Office) Driver's License Exam. And part of that
exam is identifying the traffic signs and road signs in the Philippines. If you
want to pass the exam and get a high score, you need to study the common
traffic/road signs in the Philippines. These traffic signs are the signs that you
see erected at the side or above the road. Be aware of these signs when
you drive or travel in the road.
The Philippines follows its rules towards traffic and road signs from
the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals, alongside with other
countries such India, Greece and Italy.

The Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals is an international
treaty designed to increase road safety and aid international road traffic by
standardizing the signing system for road traffic (road signs, traffic lights,
and road markings) in use internationally.
The Convention classify all road signs into a number of categories:
1. DANGER WARNING SIGNS
2. PRIORITY SIGNS
3. PROHIBITORY OR REGULATORY SIGNS
4. MANDATORY SIGNS
5. INFORMATION, FACILITIES OR SERVICE SIGNS

Danger Warning Signs
Crossroad sign Traffic Circle sign
Congestion sign Two-way traffic sign

Y Junction Sign Gentle Curve Signs
Sharp Curve Signs
Hairpin Sign

Winding Road Signs Combined Curves Sign
Lane End Signs

Traffic Signal Ahead Traffic Control Stop Ahead Sign
Pedestrian Crossing Sign Pedestrian Sign

Farm Animals Signs Narrow Bridge Sign
Hump Sign Slippery Road Sign

2.3.8.1 Safety signs and symbols in driving
Falling Rocks Sign Sharp Curve Chevron Signs

Flagman Ahead Sign Men At Work Sign

Priority Signs
Go Sign Stop Signs
Yield Sign Yield to pedestrian Sign

Priority Signs
No Entry Sign Yield to oncoming Traffic sign
One-Way Roadway Signs

Prohibitory or Regulatory Signs
Excessive Noise Prohibited Sign Height Restriction Sign
Length Restriction Sign Mass Limit Sign

Speed Limit Sign Unauthorized Vehicles Prohibited Sign
No Stopping Sign No Taxi Allowed

No Bicycle Sign No Bus Allowed
No left turn Sign No Parking Sign

No Pedestrian Allowed No Right Turn Sign
No U-Turn Sign Overtaking Prohibited Sign

Right Turn Ahead Prohibited Sign Left Turn Ahead Prohibited Sign
Speed Limit Sign Maximum Gross Weight Sign

Mandatory Signs
Minimum Speed Sign Maximum Gross Weight Sign

Mandatory Signs
Keep Left Sign Keep Right Sign
Pedestrians Only Sign Pay Toll Sign

Mandatory Signs
Switch Head Lamps On Sign Taxi Sign Only
Roundabout Sign Bus Only Sign

Information, Facilities or Service Sign
Hospital Sign Parking Area Sign

2.4.1 Drivers code and conduct
Example of code of conduct for licensed drivers
This Code of Conduct should be read in conjunction with other
statutory and policy requirements that apply to your license. License
holders shall endeavour to promote the image of the NAME OF COMPANY
by:
RESPONSIBILITES OF THE TRADE:
• Comply with this Code of Good Conduct and sign to say it is
understood.
• Comply with all the Conditions of their License and the Council’s
NAME OF COMPANY Licensing Policy.
• Behave in a civil, orderly and responsible manner at all times.

RESPONSIBILITY TO CHILDREN & VULNERABLE ADULTS:
• All complaints, information or any other concern brought to the
Councils attention regarding a child or vulnerable adult will result in the
immediate investigation of any licensed driver or operator and this may
lead to suspension of license pending the outcome.
• NAME OF Council shall follow its Safeguarding Children & Vulnerable
Adults Policy when responding to any complaints/concerns.
DO…
• Treat all children and vulnerable adults with respect.
• Be aware that verbal interaction with children or vulnerable adults may
be interpreted by them as
offensive or harassment, even if this was not your intention.

• Report to NAME OF Council any unacceptable behaviour from a child
or vulnerable adult.
• Report to NAME OF Council any safeguarding concerns including
allegations of abuse or suspicion of abuse.
• Be aware that contact made outside of a school environment or any
other care institute, as a result of you coming into contact with a
child/vulnerable adult whilst your are working, is considered
inappropriate and is discouraged and may have an impact on your
future employment as a licensed driver.
DO NOT…
• Instigate any verbal or physical contact with children/vulnerable adults
that is not part of the normal customer and client relationship (this
applies both at work and whilst not at work.)

• Respond to any verbal or physical contact from children or vulnerable
adults that is not part of the normal customer and client relationship (this
applies both at work and whilst not at work). If you are approached or
contacted, or you have any other concerns about the person’s
behaviour then you should report it immediately to your employer or to
another responsible body. If you are unsure who to report it to please
contact the Taxi Licensing Officer.
• Give any personal information to any child or vulnerable adult, for
example your name, address, telephone or mobile number or email
address.
• Accept or respond to a child or vulnerable adult attempting to give you
personal information, for example their name, address, telephone or
mobile number or email address.

• Engage with children or vulnerable adults via internet chatrooms,
instant messaging services e.g. MSN Messenger, or social networking
sites e.g. Facebook, Bebo or MySpace.
• Accept physical or verbal abuse from a child or vulnerable adult. DO
NOT respond yourself, but report it immediately to someone in the
school office or to Ryedale District Council.
• Make promises to keep any disclosure confidential from relevant
authorities.
• Allow any allegations go unreported or trivialise any abuse issues.
• Start any investigation after an allegation or concern has been raised.
You just need to record the facts and report these to NAME OF Council.
• Show favouritism to anyone or threaten to carry out any form of
physical punishment.

NEVER:
• Initiate or engage in sexually provocative conversation or activity or
allow the use of inappropriate language to go unchallenged. Never do
things of a personal/intimate nature that individuals can do for
themselves.
RESPONSIBILITY TO ALL CLIENTS:
• Maintain your vehicles in a safe and satisfactory condition at all times.
• Keep your vehicles clean and suitable for hire to the public at all times.
• Attend punctually when undertaking pre-booked hiring.
• Assist, where necessary, passengers into and out of vehicles.
• Offer passengers reasonable assistance with luggage.
• All NAME OF COMPANY vehicles will be smoke-free areas at all
times. This includes whether the vehicle is working or not.

• Obey all traffic regulations.
• Not consume alcohol immediately before or at any time whilst driving
or being in charge of a NAME OF COMPANY vehicle.
• Not drive while having misused legal or illegal drugs.
• Fulfil your responsibility to ensure compliance with legislation
regarding the length of working hours.
• Do not eat or drink in the vehicle in the presence of customers.
RESPONSIBILITY TO RESIDENTS:
To avoid nuisance to residents when picking up or waiting for a fare, a
driver shall:
• Not sound the vehicle’s horn illegally.
• Keep the volume of radio/cassette/CD/MP3 players and VHF radios to
a minimum.

• Switch off the engine if required to wait.
• Take whatever additional action is necessary to avoid disturbance to
residents in the neighbourhood.
AT TAXI RANKS AND OTHER PLACES WHERE NAME OF
COMPANY PLY FOR HIRE BY FORMING QUEUES, DRIVERS
SHALL, IN ADDITION TO THE REQUIREMENTS ABOVE:
• Rank in an orderly manner and proceed along the rank in order and
promptly.
• Remain in the vehicle.
AT PRIVATE HIRE OFFICES A LICENCE HOLDER SHALL:
• Not undertake servicing or repairs of vehicles.
• Not allow their radio/cassette/CD/MP3 players or VHF radios to cause
disturbance to residents of the neighbourhood.

• Take whatever additional action is necessary to avoid disturbance to
residents of the
neighbourhood, which might arise from the conduct of their business.
DRESS CODE FOR LICENSED DRIVERS
The Council is committed to encouraging the professional image of the
trade. The Council considers that drivers should conform to a smart
standard of dress to raise and maintain the profile of the licensed trade.
The Council does not impose such standards by way of conditions to
any license. It is expected, however, that such standards will be
maintained at all times. Examples are set out below:
Acceptable Standards of Dress within this code:
• Tops, Shirts, blouses, T-shirts, or sweat tops should cover the
shoulders and be capable of being worn inside trousers or shorts.

• Shirts or blouses can be worn with a tie or open-necked.
• Trousers/Shorts/Skirts - Shorts should be tailored.
• It is recommended that female drivers do not wear short skirts for
personal safety reasons.
• Footwear should fit around the heel of the foot. (Safety shoes with
protected toecaps are
recommended.)
Unacceptable Standards of Dress within this Code:
• Bare chests.
• Clothing or footwear which is unclean or damaged.
• Clothing printed with words, logos or graphics, which might offend.
• Sports shirts or shorts e.g. football, rugby or cricket tops or track suits.
• Studs or sharp-edged clothing.

• Beach-type footwear (e.g. flip-flops or mules).
• Footwear with pronounced heels.
• Baseball caps.

Automotive 10

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