ENERGY AUDIT AND CONSERVATION

1. UNIT I
Energy Scenario and Scope of
Conservation
Prepared By: Prof. Juned Shaikh

2. • Commercial Energy
• Commercial energy is energy which is
available to the users at some price
• For example, coal, petroleum, natural gas and
electricity.
• It is used for commercial purposes in factories
and farms.
• This is a non-renewable form of energy.

3. • Non Commercial Energy
• Non-commercial energy is energy which is
available free of cost to the users.
• For example, fire wood, agricultural waste,
cow dung
• It is used for domestic and consumption
purposes.
• It is a renewable form of energy.

4. Commercial Energy production
• India is the world's third largest
producer and third largest consumer of
electricity
• The national electric grid in India has an
installed capacity of 371.977 GW as of 31 July
2020.
• Renewable power plants, which also include
large hydroelectric plants, constitute 35.94%
of India's total installed capacity.

5. • During the 2018-19 fiscal year, the gross
electricity generated by utilities in India was
1,372 TWh and the total electricity generation
(utilities and non utilities) in the country was
1,547 TWh.
• The gross electricity consumption in 2018-19
was 1,181 kWh per capita.
• In 2015-16, electric energy consumption in
agriculture was recorded as being the highest
(17.89%) worldwide.

6. Energy pricing in India
• During fiscal year 2016, the average cost of
state electricity supplied in India was 5.43
Indian rupees per kilowatt hour.
• India, December 2019: The price of electricity
is 6.040 Rs. Dollar per kWh for households and
8.336 Rs.

7. Average cost of state electricity supply across
India from financial year 2009-2016
(in Indian rupees per kilo watt hour)

8. Energy sector reforms
• Energy sector governance and reform include:
• establishing competitive electricity markets, adopting
market pricing mechanisms, and regulating monopolies
• encouraging private sector participation, particularly
public-private partnerships
• supporting research, legislation, technology
development, and regulation
• adopting tariff structures to promote energy
conservation
• training in energy planning, demand forecast, financial
management, operations and maintenance of assets,
and economic assessment

9. Energy Conservation
• Energy conservation is the effort made to reduce
the consumption of energy by using less of an energy
service.
• This can be achieved either by using energy more
efficiently (using less energy for a constant service) or by
reducing the amount of service used (for example, by
driving less).
• Energy conservation is a part of the concept of Eco-
sufficiency. Energy conservation measures (ECMs) in
buildings reduce the need for energy services and can
result in increased environmental quality
• National security, personal financial security and higher
savings

10. • Energy can be conserved by reducing wastage
and losses, improving efficiency through
technological upgrades and improved
operation and maintenance
• It is possible to minimize these losses by
adopting green engineering practices to
improve life cycle of the components.

11. Energy Conservation Act 2001
• The Act empowers the Central Government and, in
some instances, State Governments to
• specify energy consumption standards for notified
equipment and appliances
• direct mandatory display of label on notified
equipment and appliances
• prohibit manufacture, sale, purchase and import of
notified equipment and appliances not conforming to
energy consumption standards
• notify energy intensive industries, other
establishments, and commercial buildings as
designated consumers

12. • establish and prescribe energy consumption
norms and standards for designated
consumers
• prescribe energy conservation building codes
for efficient use of energy and its conservation
in new commercial buildings having a
connected load of 500 kW or a contract
demand of 600 kVA and above

13. Consumers must follow
• designate or appoint certified energy manager in
charge of activities for efficient use of energy and its
conservation.
• get an energy audit conducted by an accredited energy
auditor in the specified manner and interval of time.
• furnish information with regard to energy consumed
and action taken on the recommendation of the
accredited energy auditor to the designed agency.
• comply with energy consumption norms and
standards.
• prepare and implement schemes for efficient use of
energy and its conservation if the prescribed energy
consumption norms and standards are not fulfilled.

14. State Governments may –
• amend the energy conservation building codes
prepared by the Central Government to suit
regional and local climatic conditions.
• direct every owners or occupier of a new
commercial building or building complex being a
designated consumer to comply with the
provisions of energy conservation building codes.
• direct, if considered necessary for efficient use of
energy and its conservation, any designated
consumer to get energy audit conducted by an
accredited energy auditor in such manner and at
such intervals of time as may be specified.

15. Progress made in energy conservation in
India
• It has been estimated that nearly 25,000 MW can be saved by
implementing end-use energy efficiency and demand side
management measures through out India.
• India’s projected economic growth rate is slated at 7.4per cent
during the period 1997-2012. This would necessitate
commensurate growth in the requirement of commercial energy,
most of which is expected to be from fossil fuels and electricity.
• India’s proven coal reserves may last for more than 200 years, but
the limited known oil and natural gas reserves may last only 18
years to 26 years, which is a cause of concern.
• India’s energy intensity per unit of GDP is higher as compared to
Japan, U.S.A. and Asia by 3.7 times, 1.55 times and 1.47 times
respectively.

16. • 1 MW of power generation costs approximately Rs. 4 crore
because of the low plant load factor and high transmission
losses prevalent in the country. The installed capacity of
power station has to be therefore, 2.2 times the electrical
load.
• At present, there is a gap of 4000 MW between demand
and supply of the electricity in the State of Maharashtra. To
install 4000 MW capacity, the requirement of capital is of
the order of approximately Rs.16,000 crore.
• Maharashtra is one of India’s leading industrial states. It has
about 29,562 industries of which around 10,000 HT
industries are established within it.
• Also, Maharashtra is the largest producer of electricity in
the country. Hence, there is a huge potential for energy
saving in all sectors which is near about 3,000 MW