2. Means of Egress
Exit Routes
Subpart E
الهروب مسالك
From
29 CFR 1910.33
To
29 CFR 1910.38
3. المقدمة
• This Subpart is about
ensuring that when people
need to have a safe and
efficient means of leaving a
building or facility under
emergency situations, that
means will be there and
they will have minimal
problems finding it and
using it.
• The entire Subpart E is
promulgated from NFPA
101 Life Safety Code.
•
آمنة هروب وسائل وجود من للتأكد
إلخراج كافية للطوارىء مخارج و
الطوارى حاالت فى المبنى شاغلى
ء
•
هو المواصفات لهذه المرجع
:
NFPA 101
المواصفات وهى
األرواح بإنقاذ الخاصة
4. تعريفات
29 CFR 1910.35
• Means of Egress:
It is a continuous and
unobstructed way of exit
travel from any point in a
building or structure to a
public way, and consists of
three separate and distinct
parts:
1- The way of exit access
2- The Exit,
3- The exit discharge.
•
الهروب مسالك
:
•
يسلكها التى اإلنتقال مسارات هى
أية بها يوجد وال المبنى شاغلو
إلى بالمبنى نقطة أية من عوائق
ثالثة من وتتكون العام الطريق
أجزاء
:
.1
المخرج إلى الوصول مسار
.2
المخرج
.3
المخرج صرف منفذ
5.
6.
7.
8. Access to Exits
Mirrors must not be placed on or near exit doors
مراي تركيب عدم
ا
الطوارئ مخارج من بالقرب ت
Routes of exit access must never be toward a high
hazard location, unless effectively shielded
م الخطورة عالية أماكن خالل من يكون أال يجب المخرج إلى الطريق
ا
عزلها تم قد األماكن هذه تكن لم
.
Minimum width of any way of exit access is 28
inches
عن عرضه يقل أال يجب المخرج إلى الطريق
28
بوصة
(
70
سم
)
12. Unobstructed Access
– Maintain exit routes
free of obstructions
– Exit route cannot require
travel to a dead end
– Exit route cannot go
through a room that
might be locked
13.
14.
15. Exit Route Capacity and Dimensions
Capacity
must not
decrease in
the
direction of
exit route
travel to the
exit
discharge
1910.36 (f)(2)
16.
17. Exit routes must have adequate
capacity & size
• Exit routes must be at least:
– 6 feet, 8 inches high
– 28 inches wide
7b
18. Exit
المخرج
Is that portion of a means of egress which is separated
from all other spaces of the building or structure by
construction or equipment to provide a protected way of
travel to the exit discharge
19. 1910.36(a)(3)
Protect
ed exit
stair
tower
• Openings into an exit must be
limited to those necessary to
allow access to the exit or to
the exit discharge
• An opening into an exit must
be protected by an approved
self-closing fire door that
remains closed or
automatically closes in an
emergency
Exit Routes:
Basic Requirements
20. What’s A Fire Door?
• Fire doors are designed to
withstand fire, heat and smoke for a
period of 20-minutes to 3 hours.
• Did you know that corridor office
doors are fire doors and should
have a 20 minute rating?
• Corridor laboratory doors should
have a 60 minute rating.
• Fire Doors are required to:
– Be Self Closing: fire doors should
have a door closure that pulls
doors completely shut after the
door has been opened
– Have Positive latching: a positive
latch locks a door in place so can
open swing open freely.
21. Means of Egress, General
29 CFR 1910.37
• Protective Enclosure of Exits:
When an exit is protected by separation from
Other parts of the building, the separating
Construction shall meet the following:
1- Three Stories or less – 1hr. Fire resistance
2- Four or more stories – 2hrs. Fire resistance
22. One - hour fire
resistance - rating:
three or fewer stories
Exit Routes:
Basic Requirements
An exit must
be
separated
by fire
resistant
materials.
1910.36(a)(2)
Exit enclosure
Two - hour fire
resistance –
rating for four or
more stories.
25. المخرج صرف منفذExit Discharge
Is that portion of a means of egress between the
termination of an exit and a public way.
26.
27. 29 CFR – 1910.36
General Requirements
• Requirements that apply to all
buildings:
1. Shall have exits sufficient for prompt
and convenient escape of occupants in
emergency.
2. Building structure shall not cause
danger to occupants during period
necessary for escape.
28. Continued
3-There shall be no locks or devices to prevent
emergency egress except in specialized facilities.
4-Means of egress shall be clearly visible and
understandable to occupants who are physically
and mentally capable to know the direction of
escape.
5-Minimum ceiling height of 7 feet, 6 inches
6- Projections from the ceiling (lights, etc.) must
be at least 6 feet, 8 inches from the floor
30. Exit Doors
May be locked from the
inside only in
• mental,
• penal, or
• correctional facilities
where there is constant
supervision and the employer
has a plan to remove
occupants from the facility
during an emergency.
1910.36 (d)(3)
EXIT
31.
32.
33.
34. Continued
7- Any doorway or passageway not constituting an
exit or way to occupants to reach an exit, shall be
clearly marked “Not an Exit”.
8- Adequate and reliable illumination shall be
provided for all exit facilities in every building or
structure.
9- Signs clearly visible with the word “EXIT” in plain
letters at least 6 inches high and at least a ¾”
stroke width
36. Exit Marking
• Each exit must be clearly
visible and marked with
an “Exit” sign
• Each exit route door must
be free of decorations or
signs that obscure the
visibility of the door
37. Exit routes must be marked
• Each exit must be clearly visible and
marked with a sign that says:
9a
40. Exit Markings
Illuminated by a light source at least 5 foot-
candles on the illuminated surface
Exit signs are not to be obscured by furnishings,
decorations, etc.
41. Requirements for alarm systems
• Workplaces must have operable employee
alarm systems
• Alarms must
have distinctive
signals to warn
employees of fire
or other
emergencies
10a
42. Width and Capacity of Means of
Egress
• Means of egress shall be measured in units of
exit width of 22 inches (56 cm)
• Capacity in number of persons per unit of exit
width shall be as follows:
Level Egress Components 100 persons/unit
Inclined Egress Components 60 persons/unit
43. Egress Capacity and Occupant
Load
اإلشغال حمل
• When capacity has been determined for
each means of egress, the projected
occupant load for the means of egress must
be calculated.
• Capacity of means of egress shall be
sufficient for occupant load of any space
served.
44. Continued
• Occupant Load is the maximum number of
persons that may be in a space at any time.
• The occupant load in any building thereof
shall not be assumed to be less than the
number determined by dividing the floor
area assigned to that use by the occupant
load factor for individual occupancies.
45. Continued
• Capacity of the exits at a floor can be based on
individual floor occupant loads (not additive).
• Some important occupant load factors:
- Classroom area 20 Ft2 1.9 m2
- Research Labs 50 Ft2 4.6 m2
- Offices 100 Ft2 9.3 m2
- General and High
- Hazard industrial 100 Ft2 9.3 m2
46.
47. Number of Means of Egress
• The minimum number of means of egress from
any story or portion thereof shall be Two.
(Remote from each other)
• The minimum number of means of egress:
• Occupant Load more than 50 but less than 500: 2
Exits
• Occupant Load more than 500 but less than 1000:
3 Exits
• Occupant Load more than 1000: 4 Exits
49. Example
• One Floor supermarket 40 x 60 m
• Occupancy factor is 2 square meters per
person.
• What would be the maximum number of
persons that may be in this supermarket at any
time?
• What is the minimum number of emergency
exits required?
• What is the total number of units and what is
the number of units at each exit?
50. Solution
• Area of Supermarket = 40 x 60 = 2400 m2
• Maximum number of persons = 2400 / 2 =
1200 persons
• Minimum number of exits = 4
• Total number of units = 1200 / 100 = 12
• # of units at each exit = 12 / 4 = 3
51. Travel Distance to Exits
• Distance to exits shall be measured from the
most remote point subject to occupancy.
• Travel distance to at least one exit shall not
exceed 200 Ft. (60 m) in buildings not
sprinklered or exceed 250 Ft. (76 m) in
buildings protected through – out by
approved supervised Sprinkler System.
55. (b) Written and oral emergency action
plans.
An emergency action plan must be in
writing, kept in the workplace,
and available to employees for
review.
However, an employer with 10
or fewer employees may
communicate the plan orally to
employees.
56. (c) Minimum elements of an emergency action
plan.
An emergency action
plan must include at
a minimum:
(1) Procedures for
reporting a fire or
other emergency;
57. (c) Minimum elements of an emergency
action plan.
(2) Procedures for
emergency
evacuation,
including type of
evacuation and
exit route
assignments;
58. (c) Minimum elements of an emergency
action plan.
(3) Procedures to be
followed by
employees who
remain to
operate critical
plant
operations
before they
evacuate;
59. (c) Minimum elements of an
emergency action plan.
(4) Procedures to
account for all
employees after
evacuation;
Verify that
employees
are safe.
60. (c) Minimum elements of an
emergency action plan.
(5) Procedures to be
followed by
employees
performing
rescue or
medical duties;
and
61. (c) Minimum elements of an emergency
action plan.
(6) The name or job title
of every employee
who may be
contacted by
employees who need
more information
about the plan or an
explanation of their
duties under the plan.
What do I
do??
We do
this!
62. (d) Employee alarm system.
An employer
must have and
maintain an
employee
alarm system.
63. (d) Employee alarm system.
. . .The employee alarm
system must use a
distinctive
signal for each
purpose and
comply with
the requirements in §
1910.165.
64. (e) Training.
An employer must
designate and train
employees to
assist in a safe and
orderly
evacuation of
other employees.
65. (f) Review of emergency action plan.
An employer must review the . .
. EAP. . . with each employee
covered by the plan:
(1) When the plan is
developed or the employee is
assigned initially to a job;
(2) When the employee's
responsibilities under the
plan change; and
(3) When the plan is
changed.
Informing
employees
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