This describes Boyle's, Charles' and the Pressure (or Gay-Lussac's) Laws and relates to the Kinetic theory.

1. The Gas Laws

3. It takes absolute zero as the starting point and temperature measurements
are given the symbol K (which stands for "Kelvin"). Temperature differences
on the Kelvin scale are no different to those on the Celsius (°C) scale. The
two scales differ in their starting points. Thus, 0°C is 273K.
Kelvin Scale (or Absolute Temperature Scale)

4. Aspire: Explain what happens to a particles motion at absolute zero (0 K).
Challenge: Relate degrees Celsius (oC) to the Kelvin (K) temperature scale.
Measuring Temperature
We can measure temperature
with the Kelvin (K) scale.
This is based on the motion of
the particles.
0 K
100 oC
We can measure temperature
with the Celsius (oC) scale.
This scale is based on change of
state for water.
0 oC 273 K
373 K
No motion-273 oC No motion

7. • When a substance is cooled the speed of the particles decrease and so do
their kinetic energies and the temperature drops. If the substance is cooled
further the motion of the particles continues to slow down and their
vibrations become less and less. Eventually a temperature can be
reached at which point the atoms and molecules in the substance
are at their lowest energy state and their movement virtually
ceases.
• This is reached at a temperature of -273°C and is called absolute
zero. This is the lowest possible temperature because the atoms and
molecules are at their lowest energy state and therefore there is no energy
for transfer.
Absolute Zero

16. Charles’ Law

22. … also known as Gay-Lussac’s Law
The Pressure Law
The Pressure Law

23. The Pressure Law

34. Problems

35. Question 1

36. Question 2

37. Question 3
The temperature inside my refrigerator is about 40 Celsius. If I
place a balloon in my fridge that initially has a temperature of 220
C and a volume of 0.5 liters, what will be the volume of the
balloon when it is fully cooled by my refrigerator?

38. Question 4
On hot days, you may have noticed that potato chip bags
seem to “inflate”, even though they have not been
opened. If I have a 250 mL bag at a temperature of 19 0C,
and I leave it in my car which has a temperature of 600 C,
what will the new volume of the bag be?

39. Question 6
If I have 2.9 L of gas at a pressure of 5 atm and a
temperature of 50 0C, what will be the temperature of the
gas if I decrease the volume of the gas to 2.4 L and
decrease the pressure to 3 atm?

40. END