Life, writings and works of Rizal

1. Prepared By: Instructor. Aries Jay Caldemon

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• Nationalism is the doctrine that one's national culture and interests
are superior to any other, and that nations should act independently
(rather than collectively) to attain their goals. It holds that a nation,
usually defined in terms of language, ethnicity or culture, has the
right to constitute an independent or autonomous political
community based on a shared history and common destiny.
• Nationalism is the desire of a nation to self-determination. It is
usually associated with patriotism (a positive and supportive
attitudes to a "fatherland"), but it can also lead to chauvinism
(aggressive patriotism, or blind or biased devotion to any group,
attitude or cause), imperialism, racism and xenophobia, militarism, or
ultimately to Fascism
Nationalism

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A nation is a community of people formed on the
basis of a combination of shared features such as
language, history, ethnicity, culture and/or society. A
nation is thus the collective identity of a group of
people understood as defined by those features.
Nation

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 Civic Nationalism: where the state derives political legitimacy from
the active participation of its citizenry and from the degree to which
it represents the "will of the people".
 Expansionist Nationalism: a radical form of imperialism (and not
really true Nationalism at all) that incorporates autonomous,
patriotic sentiments with a belief in expansionism, usually by
military aggression, e.g. Nazism (or Nationalist-Socialism) in
Germany.
Selected types of Nationalism

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 Ethnic Nationalism: where the nation is defined in terms of ethnicity and
descent from previous generations. It also includes the idea of a culture
shared between members of the group, and usually a shared language.
 Diaspora Nationalism: where there is nationalist feeling among a diaspora,
(an ethnic population living outside their traditional homelands) e.g. the
Irish in the United States, the Jews in the United States and elsewhere, etc.
 State Nationalism: a variant of Civic Nationalism, where the nation is
assumed to be a community of those who contribute to the maintenance and
strength of the state, and that the individual exists in the community
expressly to contribute to this goal. This often results in Fascism.
Selected types of Nationalism

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THE 19TH CENTURY
PHILIPPINES

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 The Philippine society was predominantly feudalistic.
 This was the result of the Spanish land holding improved
upon the country with the arrival of the conquistadores-
 The indios (natives) were exploited by the elite class-
 They were drafted for manual labour.
 The Spaniards exacted all forms of taxes and tributes.
 Peninsulares- friars, Spanish officials
 Insulares- favored natives, mestizos, creollos.
Social Structure

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 The Philippines was governed by Spain through the Ministro
de Ultramar based in Madrid.
 Central Government
• Governador- General - King of Spain’s representative in
governmental affairs.
• Vice – Royal patron over religious affairs.
• Chief executive- issued orders and proclamations
• Ex-officio – president of the Royal Audiencia
• Commander-in-chief of the colonial armed forces.
Political System

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Political System

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Frailocracia/Frailocracy

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Educational System

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Assigned Reportings
Please use the Book entitled: “Life, Works and Writings of a Genius, writer,
Scientist and National Hero” By Gregorio F. Zaide and Sonia M. Zaide.
1. “Rizal and His Time.”
2. “Advent of National Hero and Childhood Years in Calamba”.
3. “Early Education in Calamba and Binan” and “Scholastic Triumps at Ateneo De
Manila”.
4. “Medical Studies at the University of Santo Tomas (1877-1822)” and “In Sunny
Spain(1822-1855)”
5. “Paris to Berlin (1885 to 1887)” and “Noli Me Tangere Published in Berlin”
6. “Rizal Grand Tour of Europe with Viola(1887) and “First Homecoming 1887-88”
Activities