SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 13
What kind of media
institution might distribute
  your media product and
            why?
Distribution is the process which a film is made available to watch for an
audience, wherever it be at film festivals, through cinema screenings..


And depending
                                          DVD/Blu-ray
the audience                              On Demand TV
and financial                             Network TV
                                          Internet Downloads
response…it’ll                            Soundtrack albums
                                          Video games
be further                                Novelizations
                                          Merchandising and
distributed in                            Licensing deals

the form of…
Independent (i.e. not part
of a conglomerate)
distribution companies sell
low budget films.
Successful companies that are responsible for the
independent film market are being taken over by
conglomerates, or majors are setting up their own
independent film divisions (e.g. Fox Searchlight).
Fox Searchlight Pictures
Fox Searchlight Pictures, is a division of the mass
media conglomerate Fox studio 20th Century
Fox. It specializes in independent and British
films, and is variously involved with the
production and/or distribution.
Our film “Desolated
Craft” is an
independent British
psychological thriller
that appeals to a brief
unisex audience of
16-34.
I think Fox Searchlight Pictures would show
interest show interest in “Desolated Craft”
as it has the following factors:

                  -Large audience
                  -Independent film
                  -Thriller genre
                  -British film
Marketing
Strategies
Self-distribution
    Us the people who’ve produced this
    film can sent out a plea to the general
    public for donations towards funding.
    But most likely donations will not
    financially be enough to distribute the
    film.
OR
Being an Independent film I
             think “Desolated Craft” to
Initially,   secure investment needs to
             try to get exhibited at
             multiple film festivals in the
             hope of being picked up
             from Fox searchlight
             pictures and be subject to
             positive word and mouth.
With backing from Fox Searchlight

Then,         Pictures release the film to art house
              cinemas in major cities where there is
              an fan film audience specialists to be
              open to all genre’s of film.



  Then depending on the success/audience
  response of the film, fox searchlight
  pictures with increase the financial
  backing to let it be screened to screens
  across the country.
And Finally                           Theatrical
                                      Exhibition

 Depending on the success of
 screenings and public demand
 the film will be sold in a number
 of different formats: DVD/Bluray
                      On Demand TV
                      Network TV
                      Internet Downloads
                      Soundtrack albums
                      Video games
                      Novelisations

More Related Content

What's hot (19)

Film distribution[1]
Film distribution[1]Film distribution[1]
Film distribution[1]
 
Task 3
Task 3Task 3
Task 3
 
Presentation1
Presentation1Presentation1
Presentation1
 
Vertigo films
Vertigo filmsVertigo films
Vertigo films
 
Distribution and marketing
Distribution and marketingDistribution and marketing
Distribution and marketing
 
06 g322 section b distribution
06 g322 section b   distribution06 g322 section b   distribution
06 g322 section b distribution
 
Film exhibition
Film exhibitionFilm exhibition
Film exhibition
 
Presentation3 distribution
Presentation3   distributionPresentation3   distribution
Presentation3 distribution
 
Film distribution!!
Film distribution!!Film distribution!!
Film distribution!!
 
Question3
Question3Question3
Question3
 
Question 3
Question 3Question 3
Question 3
 
Task 3 distribution 1
Task 3 distribution 1Task 3 distribution 1
Task 3 distribution 1
 
Question3
Question3Question3
Question3
 
Q3 Evaluation
Q3 Evaluation Q3 Evaluation
Q3 Evaluation
 
Q3
Q3 Q3
Q3
 
G323 Lesson 3
G323 Lesson 3G323 Lesson 3
G323 Lesson 3
 
Question 3
Question 3 Question 3
Question 3
 
Question 3
Question 3Question 3
Question 3
 
Evaluation Question 3
Evaluation Question 3Evaluation Question 3
Evaluation Question 3
 

Viewers also liked

Abbreviation ii technical
Abbreviation   ii technicalAbbreviation   ii technical
Abbreviation ii technicalMadhan Kumar
 
Employment Update 2015
Employment Update 2015Employment Update 2015
Employment Update 2015James Willis
 
CV Of Azizul-H
CV Of Azizul-HCV Of Azizul-H
CV Of Azizul-Hhaqueaziz
 
Quotes section-2- quess the caption
Quotes section-2- quess the captionQuotes section-2- quess the caption
Quotes section-2- quess the captionMadhan Kumar
 
Abbreviations i general
Abbreviations  i generalAbbreviations  i general
Abbreviations i generalMadhan Kumar
 
Quotes section-2-quess the caption
Quotes section-2-quess the captionQuotes section-2-quess the caption
Quotes section-2-quess the captionMadhan Kumar
 
Brain byte 2 k15 prelims
Brain byte 2 k15 prelimsBrain byte 2 k15 prelims
Brain byte 2 k15 prelimsMadhan Kumar
 
Administration and Employment Law
Administration and Employment LawAdministration and Employment Law
Administration and Employment LawJames Willis
 
Computer awareness i logo
Computer awareness  i logoComputer awareness  i logo
Computer awareness i logoMadhan Kumar
 
Abbreviations iii fillups
Abbreviations iii fillupsAbbreviations iii fillups
Abbreviations iii fillupsMadhan Kumar
 
Quotes session 1 who am i
Quotes session   1 who am iQuotes session   1 who am i
Quotes session 1 who am iMadhan Kumar
 
Quotes section-3-guess the brand
Quotes section-3-guess the brandQuotes section-3-guess the brand
Quotes section-3-guess the brandMadhan Kumar
 
Difficult Conversations (New Slides)
Difficult Conversations (New Slides)Difficult Conversations (New Slides)
Difficult Conversations (New Slides)James Willis
 

Viewers also liked (14)

Abbreviation ii technical
Abbreviation   ii technicalAbbreviation   ii technical
Abbreviation ii technical
 
Employment Update 2015
Employment Update 2015Employment Update 2015
Employment Update 2015
 
CV Of Azizul-H
CV Of Azizul-HCV Of Azizul-H
CV Of Azizul-H
 
Quotes section-2- quess the caption
Quotes section-2- quess the captionQuotes section-2- quess the caption
Quotes section-2- quess the caption
 
Abbreviations i general
Abbreviations  i generalAbbreviations  i general
Abbreviations i general
 
Quotes section-2-quess the caption
Quotes section-2-quess the captionQuotes section-2-quess the caption
Quotes section-2-quess the caption
 
Brain byte 2 k15 prelims
Brain byte 2 k15 prelimsBrain byte 2 k15 prelims
Brain byte 2 k15 prelims
 
Administration and Employment Law
Administration and Employment LawAdministration and Employment Law
Administration and Employment Law
 
Computer awareness i logo
Computer awareness  i logoComputer awareness  i logo
Computer awareness i logo
 
Abbreviations iii fillups
Abbreviations iii fillupsAbbreviations iii fillups
Abbreviations iii fillups
 
Quotes session 1 who am i
Quotes session   1 who am iQuotes session   1 who am i
Quotes session 1 who am i
 
Quotes section-3-guess the brand
Quotes section-3-guess the brandQuotes section-3-guess the brand
Quotes section-3-guess the brand
 
Personal selling ssss
Personal selling   ssssPersonal selling   ssss
Personal selling ssss
 
Difficult Conversations (New Slides)
Difficult Conversations (New Slides)Difficult Conversations (New Slides)
Difficult Conversations (New Slides)
 

Similar to What kind of media institution might distribute your media product and why?

What is Distribution
What is DistributionWhat is Distribution
What is DistributionJason_Sousa
 
What is distribution media
What is distribution mediaWhat is distribution media
What is distribution medialucasmcnally
 
Evaluation task
Evaluation taskEvaluation task
Evaluation taskcharlier18
 
Distribution powerpoint
Distribution powerpointDistribution powerpoint
Distribution powerpointGF10164
 
Film Industry Answers
Film Industry AnswersFilm Industry Answers
Film Industry AnswersJu-at-BSix
 
Independent cinema research
Independent cinema researchIndependent cinema research
Independent cinema researchpaluh001
 
Research independent cinema media ammended
Research independent cinema media ammendedResearch independent cinema media ammended
Research independent cinema media ammendedsophieordidgemedia
 
Distribution
DistributionDistribution
Distributionrosapeck1
 
Film Distribution Media AS 2013
Film Distribution Media AS 2013Film Distribution Media AS 2013
Film Distribution Media AS 2013charlottemedia13
 
Film distribution
Film distributionFilm distribution
Film distributiondanlomax
 
Question 3 (absolute final)
Question 3 (absolute final)Question 3 (absolute final)
Question 3 (absolute final)BenS18
 

Similar to What kind of media institution might distribute your media product and why? (20)

What is Distribution
What is DistributionWhat is Distribution
What is Distribution
 
What is distribution media
What is distribution mediaWhat is distribution media
What is distribution media
 
Q3
Q3 Q3
Q3
 
Evaluation task
Evaluation taskEvaluation task
Evaluation task
 
Distribution powerpoint
Distribution powerpointDistribution powerpoint
Distribution powerpoint
 
Film Industry Answers
Film Industry AnswersFilm Industry Answers
Film Industry Answers
 
Presentation1
Presentation1Presentation1
Presentation1
 
Presentation1
Presentation1Presentation1
Presentation1
 
Independent cinema research
Independent cinema researchIndependent cinema research
Independent cinema research
 
Film distribution
Film distributionFilm distribution
Film distribution
 
Task 3 evaluation
Task 3 evaluationTask 3 evaluation
Task 3 evaluation
 
Task 3 evaluation
Task 3 evaluationTask 3 evaluation
Task 3 evaluation
 
Research independent cinema media ammended
Research independent cinema media ammendedResearch independent cinema media ammended
Research independent cinema media ammended
 
Distribution
DistributionDistribution
Distribution
 
Film Distribution Media AS 2013
Film Distribution Media AS 2013Film Distribution Media AS 2013
Film Distribution Media AS 2013
 
Independent cinema
Independent cinemaIndependent cinema
Independent cinema
 
Film distribution
Film distributionFilm distribution
Film distribution
 
Film distribution
Film distributionFilm distribution
Film distribution
 
Question 3
Question 3Question 3
Question 3
 
Question 3 (absolute final)
Question 3 (absolute final)Question 3 (absolute final)
Question 3 (absolute final)
 

Recently uploaded

Mckinsey foundation level Handbook for Viewing
Mckinsey foundation level Handbook for ViewingMckinsey foundation level Handbook for Viewing
Mckinsey foundation level Handbook for ViewingNauman Safdar
 
Falcon's Invoice Discounting: Your Path to Prosperity
Falcon's Invoice Discounting: Your Path to ProsperityFalcon's Invoice Discounting: Your Path to Prosperity
Falcon's Invoice Discounting: Your Path to Prosperityhemanthkumar470700
 
Call 7737669865 Vadodara Call Girls Service at your Door Step Available All Time
Call 7737669865 Vadodara Call Girls Service at your Door Step Available All TimeCall 7737669865 Vadodara Call Girls Service at your Door Step Available All Time
Call 7737669865 Vadodara Call Girls Service at your Door Step Available All Timegargpaaro
 
Structuring and Writing DRL Mckinsey (1).pdf
Structuring and Writing DRL Mckinsey (1).pdfStructuring and Writing DRL Mckinsey (1).pdf
Structuring and Writing DRL Mckinsey (1).pdflaloo_007
 
New 2024 Cannabis Edibles Investor Pitch Deck Template
New 2024 Cannabis Edibles Investor Pitch Deck TemplateNew 2024 Cannabis Edibles Investor Pitch Deck Template
New 2024 Cannabis Edibles Investor Pitch Deck TemplateCannaBusinessPlans
 
Over the Top (OTT) Market Size & Growth Outlook 2024-2030
Over the Top (OTT) Market Size & Growth Outlook 2024-2030Over the Top (OTT) Market Size & Growth Outlook 2024-2030
Over the Top (OTT) Market Size & Growth Outlook 2024-2030tarushabhavsar
 
CROSS CULTURAL NEGOTIATION BY PANMISEM NS
CROSS CULTURAL NEGOTIATION BY PANMISEM NSCROSS CULTURAL NEGOTIATION BY PANMISEM NS
CROSS CULTURAL NEGOTIATION BY PANMISEM NSpanmisemningshen123
 
Escorts in Nungambakkam Phone 8250092165 Enjoy 24/7 Escort Service Enjoy Your...
Escorts in Nungambakkam Phone 8250092165 Enjoy 24/7 Escort Service Enjoy Your...Escorts in Nungambakkam Phone 8250092165 Enjoy 24/7 Escort Service Enjoy Your...
Escorts in Nungambakkam Phone 8250092165 Enjoy 24/7 Escort Service Enjoy Your...meghakumariji156
 
joint cost.pptx COST ACCOUNTING Sixteenth Edition ...
joint cost.pptx  COST ACCOUNTING  Sixteenth Edition                          ...joint cost.pptx  COST ACCOUNTING  Sixteenth Edition                          ...
joint cost.pptx COST ACCOUNTING Sixteenth Edition ...NadhimTaha
 
BeMetals Investor Presentation_May 3, 2024.pdf
BeMetals Investor Presentation_May 3, 2024.pdfBeMetals Investor Presentation_May 3, 2024.pdf
BeMetals Investor Presentation_May 3, 2024.pdfDerekIwanaka1
 
Pre Engineered Building Manufacturers Hyderabad.pptx
Pre Engineered  Building Manufacturers Hyderabad.pptxPre Engineered  Building Manufacturers Hyderabad.pptx
Pre Engineered Building Manufacturers Hyderabad.pptxRoofing Contractor
 
How to Get Started in Social Media for Art League City
How to Get Started in Social Media for Art League CityHow to Get Started in Social Media for Art League City
How to Get Started in Social Media for Art League CityEric T. Tung
 
Arti Languages Pre Seed Teaser Deck 2024.pdf
Arti Languages Pre Seed Teaser Deck 2024.pdfArti Languages Pre Seed Teaser Deck 2024.pdf
Arti Languages Pre Seed Teaser Deck 2024.pdfwill854175
 
SEO Case Study: How I Increased SEO Traffic & Ranking by 50-60% in 6 Months
SEO Case Study: How I Increased SEO Traffic & Ranking by 50-60%  in 6 MonthsSEO Case Study: How I Increased SEO Traffic & Ranking by 50-60%  in 6 Months
SEO Case Study: How I Increased SEO Traffic & Ranking by 50-60% in 6 MonthsIndeedSEO
 
Cracking the 'Career Pathing' Slideshare
Cracking the 'Career Pathing' SlideshareCracking the 'Career Pathing' Slideshare
Cracking the 'Career Pathing' SlideshareWorkforce Group
 
Jual Obat Aborsi ( Asli No.1 ) 085657271886 Obat Penggugur Kandungan Cytotec
Jual Obat Aborsi ( Asli No.1 ) 085657271886 Obat Penggugur Kandungan CytotecJual Obat Aborsi ( Asli No.1 ) 085657271886 Obat Penggugur Kandungan Cytotec
Jual Obat Aborsi ( Asli No.1 ) 085657271886 Obat Penggugur Kandungan CytotecZurliaSoop
 
Quick Doctor In Kuwait +2773`7758`557 Kuwait Doha Qatar Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharj...
Quick Doctor In Kuwait +2773`7758`557 Kuwait Doha Qatar Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharj...Quick Doctor In Kuwait +2773`7758`557 Kuwait Doha Qatar Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharj...
Quick Doctor In Kuwait +2773`7758`557 Kuwait Doha Qatar Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharj...daisycvs
 
Paradip CALL GIRL❤7091819311❤CALL GIRLS IN ESCORT SERVICE WE ARE PROVIDING
Paradip CALL GIRL❤7091819311❤CALL GIRLS IN ESCORT SERVICE WE ARE PROVIDINGParadip CALL GIRL❤7091819311❤CALL GIRLS IN ESCORT SERVICE WE ARE PROVIDING
Paradip CALL GIRL❤7091819311❤CALL GIRLS IN ESCORT SERVICE WE ARE PROVIDINGpr788182
 
TVB_The Vietnam Believer Newsletter_May 6th, 2024_ENVol. 006.pdf
TVB_The Vietnam Believer Newsletter_May 6th, 2024_ENVol. 006.pdfTVB_The Vietnam Believer Newsletter_May 6th, 2024_ENVol. 006.pdf
TVB_The Vietnam Believer Newsletter_May 6th, 2024_ENVol. 006.pdfbelieveminhh
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Mckinsey foundation level Handbook for Viewing
Mckinsey foundation level Handbook for ViewingMckinsey foundation level Handbook for Viewing
Mckinsey foundation level Handbook for Viewing
 
Falcon's Invoice Discounting: Your Path to Prosperity
Falcon's Invoice Discounting: Your Path to ProsperityFalcon's Invoice Discounting: Your Path to Prosperity
Falcon's Invoice Discounting: Your Path to Prosperity
 
Call 7737669865 Vadodara Call Girls Service at your Door Step Available All Time
Call 7737669865 Vadodara Call Girls Service at your Door Step Available All TimeCall 7737669865 Vadodara Call Girls Service at your Door Step Available All Time
Call 7737669865 Vadodara Call Girls Service at your Door Step Available All Time
 
Structuring and Writing DRL Mckinsey (1).pdf
Structuring and Writing DRL Mckinsey (1).pdfStructuring and Writing DRL Mckinsey (1).pdf
Structuring and Writing DRL Mckinsey (1).pdf
 
New 2024 Cannabis Edibles Investor Pitch Deck Template
New 2024 Cannabis Edibles Investor Pitch Deck TemplateNew 2024 Cannabis Edibles Investor Pitch Deck Template
New 2024 Cannabis Edibles Investor Pitch Deck Template
 
Over the Top (OTT) Market Size & Growth Outlook 2024-2030
Over the Top (OTT) Market Size & Growth Outlook 2024-2030Over the Top (OTT) Market Size & Growth Outlook 2024-2030
Over the Top (OTT) Market Size & Growth Outlook 2024-2030
 
CROSS CULTURAL NEGOTIATION BY PANMISEM NS
CROSS CULTURAL NEGOTIATION BY PANMISEM NSCROSS CULTURAL NEGOTIATION BY PANMISEM NS
CROSS CULTURAL NEGOTIATION BY PANMISEM NS
 
Escorts in Nungambakkam Phone 8250092165 Enjoy 24/7 Escort Service Enjoy Your...
Escorts in Nungambakkam Phone 8250092165 Enjoy 24/7 Escort Service Enjoy Your...Escorts in Nungambakkam Phone 8250092165 Enjoy 24/7 Escort Service Enjoy Your...
Escorts in Nungambakkam Phone 8250092165 Enjoy 24/7 Escort Service Enjoy Your...
 
joint cost.pptx COST ACCOUNTING Sixteenth Edition ...
joint cost.pptx  COST ACCOUNTING  Sixteenth Edition                          ...joint cost.pptx  COST ACCOUNTING  Sixteenth Edition                          ...
joint cost.pptx COST ACCOUNTING Sixteenth Edition ...
 
BeMetals Investor Presentation_May 3, 2024.pdf
BeMetals Investor Presentation_May 3, 2024.pdfBeMetals Investor Presentation_May 3, 2024.pdf
BeMetals Investor Presentation_May 3, 2024.pdf
 
Pre Engineered Building Manufacturers Hyderabad.pptx
Pre Engineered  Building Manufacturers Hyderabad.pptxPre Engineered  Building Manufacturers Hyderabad.pptx
Pre Engineered Building Manufacturers Hyderabad.pptx
 
How to Get Started in Social Media for Art League City
How to Get Started in Social Media for Art League CityHow to Get Started in Social Media for Art League City
How to Get Started in Social Media for Art League City
 
Arti Languages Pre Seed Teaser Deck 2024.pdf
Arti Languages Pre Seed Teaser Deck 2024.pdfArti Languages Pre Seed Teaser Deck 2024.pdf
Arti Languages Pre Seed Teaser Deck 2024.pdf
 
SEO Case Study: How I Increased SEO Traffic & Ranking by 50-60% in 6 Months
SEO Case Study: How I Increased SEO Traffic & Ranking by 50-60%  in 6 MonthsSEO Case Study: How I Increased SEO Traffic & Ranking by 50-60%  in 6 Months
SEO Case Study: How I Increased SEO Traffic & Ranking by 50-60% in 6 Months
 
Cracking the 'Career Pathing' Slideshare
Cracking the 'Career Pathing' SlideshareCracking the 'Career Pathing' Slideshare
Cracking the 'Career Pathing' Slideshare
 
Jual Obat Aborsi ( Asli No.1 ) 085657271886 Obat Penggugur Kandungan Cytotec
Jual Obat Aborsi ( Asli No.1 ) 085657271886 Obat Penggugur Kandungan CytotecJual Obat Aborsi ( Asli No.1 ) 085657271886 Obat Penggugur Kandungan Cytotec
Jual Obat Aborsi ( Asli No.1 ) 085657271886 Obat Penggugur Kandungan Cytotec
 
Quick Doctor In Kuwait +2773`7758`557 Kuwait Doha Qatar Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharj...
Quick Doctor In Kuwait +2773`7758`557 Kuwait Doha Qatar Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharj...Quick Doctor In Kuwait +2773`7758`557 Kuwait Doha Qatar Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharj...
Quick Doctor In Kuwait +2773`7758`557 Kuwait Doha Qatar Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharj...
 
Paradip CALL GIRL❤7091819311❤CALL GIRLS IN ESCORT SERVICE WE ARE PROVIDING
Paradip CALL GIRL❤7091819311❤CALL GIRLS IN ESCORT SERVICE WE ARE PROVIDINGParadip CALL GIRL❤7091819311❤CALL GIRLS IN ESCORT SERVICE WE ARE PROVIDING
Paradip CALL GIRL❤7091819311❤CALL GIRLS IN ESCORT SERVICE WE ARE PROVIDING
 
!~+971581248768>> SAFE AND ORIGINAL ABORTION PILLS FOR SALE IN DUBAI AND ABUD...
!~+971581248768>> SAFE AND ORIGINAL ABORTION PILLS FOR SALE IN DUBAI AND ABUD...!~+971581248768>> SAFE AND ORIGINAL ABORTION PILLS FOR SALE IN DUBAI AND ABUD...
!~+971581248768>> SAFE AND ORIGINAL ABORTION PILLS FOR SALE IN DUBAI AND ABUD...
 
TVB_The Vietnam Believer Newsletter_May 6th, 2024_ENVol. 006.pdf
TVB_The Vietnam Believer Newsletter_May 6th, 2024_ENVol. 006.pdfTVB_The Vietnam Believer Newsletter_May 6th, 2024_ENVol. 006.pdf
TVB_The Vietnam Believer Newsletter_May 6th, 2024_ENVol. 006.pdf
 

What kind of media institution might distribute your media product and why?

  • 1. What kind of media institution might distribute your media product and why?
  • 2. Distribution is the process which a film is made available to watch for an audience, wherever it be at film festivals, through cinema screenings.. And depending DVD/Blu-ray the audience On Demand TV and financial Network TV Internet Downloads response…it’ll Soundtrack albums Video games be further Novelizations Merchandising and distributed in Licensing deals the form of…
  • 3. Independent (i.e. not part of a conglomerate) distribution companies sell low budget films.
  • 4. Successful companies that are responsible for the independent film market are being taken over by conglomerates, or majors are setting up their own independent film divisions (e.g. Fox Searchlight).
  • 5. Fox Searchlight Pictures Fox Searchlight Pictures, is a division of the mass media conglomerate Fox studio 20th Century Fox. It specializes in independent and British films, and is variously involved with the production and/or distribution.
  • 6. Our film “Desolated Craft” is an independent British psychological thriller that appeals to a brief unisex audience of 16-34.
  • 7. I think Fox Searchlight Pictures would show interest show interest in “Desolated Craft” as it has the following factors: -Large audience -Independent film -Thriller genre -British film
  • 9. Self-distribution Us the people who’ve produced this film can sent out a plea to the general public for donations towards funding. But most likely donations will not financially be enough to distribute the film.
  • 10. OR
  • 11. Being an Independent film I think “Desolated Craft” to Initially, secure investment needs to try to get exhibited at multiple film festivals in the hope of being picked up from Fox searchlight pictures and be subject to positive word and mouth.
  • 12. With backing from Fox Searchlight Then, Pictures release the film to art house cinemas in major cities where there is an fan film audience specialists to be open to all genre’s of film. Then depending on the success/audience response of the film, fox searchlight pictures with increase the financial backing to let it be screened to screens across the country.
  • 13. And Finally Theatrical Exhibition Depending on the success of screenings and public demand the film will be sold in a number of different formats: DVD/Bluray On Demand TV Network TV Internet Downloads Soundtrack albums Video games Novelisations