Presentación de diapositivas que explican la conceptualización, estructura y clasificación de de los carbohídratos o hidratos de carbono.

1. Carbohidratos
Celulosa n

2. Carbohidratos
Introducción
Monosacáridos
Polisacáridos
Oligosacáridos

3. Carbohidratos
Introducción
Monosacáridos
Polisacáridos
Oligosacáridos

4. ¿Que es un carbohidrato?
Son polihidroxi aldehídos o cetonas o
compuestos que conducen a ellos por hidrólisis
y sus derivados.
Introducción
Se denominan Hidratos de carbono por
responder muchos de ellos a la formula
empírica:
C (H2O)n

5. ¿Que es un carbohidrato?
Se producen en la fotosíntesis.
Las plantas verdes contienen clorofila que
capta de la luz solar la energía necesaria para
realizar el proceso:
Introducción
6 CO2 + H2O
C6(H2O)6 + 6 O2

6. ¿Como se clasifican?
Introducción
C
a
r
b
o
h
i
d
r
a
t
o
s
Azúcares
Polisacáridos
Monosacáridos
Oligosacáridos
Aldosas
Cetosas
- 2 Di
- 3 Tri
- 7 Hept
- 6 Hex
- 5 pent
- 4 tetr

7. ¿Para qué sirven?
Introducción
- Como principios inmediatos son soportes de la vida
- Proporcionan:
Alimento Cultura
Higiene
Comodidad
Casa
Vestido
Alcohol
Medicina
Decoración
- Muchas
aplicaciones en
la industria
Química
Polímeros
Celulosa
Conserva
Furfural
Sintesis
Quiral Bebidas
Farmacia
Políesteres

8. Carbohidratos
Introducción
Monosacáridos
Polisacáridos
Oligosacáridos

9. Monosacáridos
Estructura
Reacciones y derivados
Aislamiento y análisis

10. Estructura
Aldosas
Cetosas
Estructura cíclica
Monosacáridos

11. Aldosas
Monosacáridos Estructura
Tres carbonos: Aldotriosas
currentpoint 1L (-)D (+)
CH2OH
OH HHO CC
CHOCHO
CH2OH
H
Gliceraldéhido

12. Aldosas
Cuatro carbonos: Aldotetrosas
currentpoint 192837465
hemDraw Laser PrepopyRight 1986, 1987, Cambridge Scientific Computing, Inc.dict/chemdict 145 dict put chemdict begin/version 23 def/b{bind def}bind def/L{load def}b/d/def L/agrestore L/gs/gsave L/ie/ifelse L/ix/index L/l/lineto L/mt/matrix L/mv/moveto L/m/mul L/n/neg L/np/neansform L/xl/translate L/S{sf m}b/dA{[3 S]}b/dL{dA dp 0 3 lW m put 0 setdash}d/cR 12 d/wF 1.5 d/sc -.6 1.2 p mv 0.6 1.2 p l -.6 2.2 p mv 0.6 2.2 p l cm sm st gr}b/OB{/bS x 3 ix 3 ix xl 3 -1 r s 3 1 r e-2 dv mv aL 0 aR aL m 180 aA s 180 arc 0 cw -2 dv rlineto cp fill}b/SA{aF m lW m/aL x aL 1 aR sp}{sqrt at 2 m np rad 0 rad 180 6 -1 r s 180 6 -1 r s arc gs cm sm st gr cpt e at ro}ie}b/AA{np rad 0m dp n p l st}b/HA{lW m/w x np 0 0 p mv w 2 m dp p l w 2 m w p l rad w p l rad w n p l w 2 m w n p lA}{cw 5 m sl 3.375 SA DA}{cw 5 m sl 2.25 SA DA}{cw 5 m sl 1.5 SA DA}{270 CA DA}{180 CA D6 HA}{dL 2.25 SA DA}{dL 1.5 SA DA}{dL 1 SA DA}{2.25 SA OA}{1.5 SA OA}{1 SA OA}{1 -1 sc 2180 CA OA}{1 -1 sc 120 CA OA}{1 -1 sc 90 CA OA}{1 -1 sc 270 AA}{1 -1 sc 180 AA}{1 -1 sc 120OrA{py px at ro px dp m py dp m a sqrt dp rev{neg}if sc}b/Ov{OrA 1 0.4 sc 0 0 1 0 360 arc cm sm g9.6 12 -9.6 16.8 cv -9.6 21.6 -8 24.6 -4.8 25.8 cv -1.6 27 1.6 27 4.8 25.8 cv 8 24.6 9.6 21.6 9.6 16t{1 -1 sc neg}if/py x dp 0 lt{-1 1 sc neg}if/px x np[{py 16 div dup 2 S lt{pp 2 S}if/lp x lp 0 p mv 0 0 p l2 dv lp neg o lp ac 0 py 2 dv 0 py lp ac 0 py lp py lp ac px lp s 0 p mv px 0 px py lp ac px py 2 dv pxA dp neg arcn st}{0 0 p mv 0 py p l px py p l px 0 p l cp cm sm st}{px lW 2 dv a lW -2 dv p mv rO dpmv 0 py p l px py p l px 0 p l cp cm sm st}{0 rO p mv 0 py px py rO ac px py px 0 rO ac px 0 0 0 rO0 rO p mv 0 py px py rO ac px py px 0 rO ac px 0 0 0 rO ac 0 0 0 py rO ac cp st}{1.0 Ac}{0.5 Ac}{1-1 sc LB gs 1 sg fill gr cm sm st}{Asc LB gs 0.5 sg fill gr gs cm sm st gr np -0.4 -0.4 sc LB gs 1 sgm sm st gr np 90 ro DLB -1 -1 sc DLB gs 0.5 sg fill gr cm sm st}{Asc gs -1 -1 sc ZLB gs 1 sg fill grcm sm st gr gs 0.3 1 sc 0 0 12 0 360 arc gs 1 sg fill gr cm sm st gr ZLB gs 0.5 sg fill gr cm sm st}{mv 0 0 1 0 1 ac 8 0 8 -1 1 ac 8 0 16 0 1 ac 16 0 16 1 1 ac cm sm st}]e 39 s g exec gr}ie}b/Cr{0 36a}b/PT{8 OB 1 sc 0 bd p 0 0 p 3 -1 r s 3 1 r e s e 0 0 p mv 1 0 p l 0 0 p ap mv 1 0 p ap l e n e n 0v s{dp bd p mv bd n p l}for st gr}{gs 12 OB 1 sc np bW 0 ne{bW 2 dv/bd x}if 1 1 nH 1 s{nH dv dp bdgr}{pp}{gs 12 OB/bL x bW 0 ne{bW 2 dv/bd x}if np 0 0 p mv bL bd 4 m dv round 2 o o lt{e}if pp cviexec}{al pp 8 ix 1 eq{DD}{DS}ie 5 -1 r 2 eq{DB}{DS}ie pp}{2 4 gi al pp DT}]o 0 g g exec}b/CS{p mp mv 0 e n p l bW 0 ne{bW 2 dv}{bd}ie wF m cW a 1 o n p l 1 e p l cp cm sm}b/CB{np[{[{CS}{CS}{s g exec clip}b/Ct{bs rot g bs rot g gs o CB CB 1 setgray clippath fill 0 setgray Bd gr}b/wD 18 dic2 m b2 a}{ex n dp m1 m b1 a}ie}b/WW{gs wD begin bs e g 2 4 gi al pp o o xl 4 -1 r 3 -1 r s/wx x s/wmv WI p l ex n/ex x ey n/ey x dx n/dx x dy n/dy x lx ly p l WI p l cp fill end gr}b/In{px dx ne{py dy s px d2 m b2 a}{ex n dp m1 m b1 a}ie}b/BW{wD begin bs e g/wb x bs e g/bb x wb 4 g/cX x wb 5 g/cY x b2 dv wF m wy wx at mt ro tr/dy x/dx x 0 lW 2 dv wy wx at mt ro tr wy a/py x wx a/px x gs cX cY xl nppx py p l cp fill gr end}b/Db{bs{dp type[]type eq{dp 0 g 2 eq{gs dp 1 g 1 eq{dL}if 6 4 gi al pp DS grcY x np p mv counttomark{bs e g 2 4 gi al pp o cX ne o cY ne or{4 1 r 4 1 r}if pp pp o/cX x dp/cY x odv neg e 5 -1 r dv neg e cpt xl sc neg e neg e xl}{xl pp pp}ifelse 1 1 S dv dp sc cm currentmatrix pp
120 59 50 40 80 40 20 chemdict begin SP1 1952 1345 1952 1714]4370 1345 4370 1714]1952 2047 1952 2416]4370 2086 4370 2455]2095 1878 2464 1878]1796 1878 1427 1878]4552 1904 4921 1904]4214 1904 3845 1904]1952 2736 1952 3105]4352 2756 4352 3125]4513 2606 4882 2606]4214 2606 3845 2606]2095 2580 2464 2580]1822 2606 1453 2606]3122 1033 3122 3425]dL [14 I 3122 3425 DSt gr [0 I 1952 1714 DSt [1 I 4370 1714 DSt [2 I 1952 2416 DSt [3 I 4370 24DSt [12 I 2464 2580 DSt [13 I 1453 2606 DSt Dbd
H
CH2OH
CHO CHO
C C
C C
HO
H OH
HOH
HO H
CH2OH
currentpo
% ChemDraw Laser Prep% CopyRight 1986, 1987, Cambridge Scientific Computing, Inuserdict/chemdict 145 dict put chemdict begin/version 23 defL/gr/grestore L/gs/gsave L/ie/ifelse L/ix/index L/l/lineto L/mt/mL/tr/transform L/xl/translate L/S{sf m}b/dA{[3 S]}b/dL{dA dp 0xl dp sc -.6 1.2 p mv 0.6 1.2 p l -.6 2.2 p mv 0.6 2.2 p l cm sm0 cw -2 dv mv aL 0 aR aL m 180 aA s 180 arc 0 cw -2 dv rlinepp pp}{sqrt at 2 m np rad 0 rad 180 6 -1 r s 180 6 -1 r s arc gsl w 2 m dp n p l st}b/HA{lW m/w x np 0 0 p mv w 2 m dp p l wSA DA}{cw 5 m sl 3.375 SA DA}{cw 5 m sl 2.25 SA DA}{cw 5RA}{6 HA}{dL 2.25 SA DA}{dL 1.5 SA DA}{dL 1 SA DA}{2.25 S-1 sc 180 CA OA}{1 -1 sc 120 CA OA}{1 -1 sc 90 CA OA}{1 -st}b/OrA{py px at ro px dp m py dp m a sqrt dp rev{neg}if sc}b-8 8 -9.6 12 -9.6 16.8 cv -9.6 21.6 -8 24.6 -4.8 25.8 cv -1.6 27dp 0 lt{1 -1 sc neg}if/py x dp 0 lt{-1 1 sc neg}if/px x np[{py 16 d0 py 2 dv lp neg o lp ac 0 py 2 dv 0 py lp ac 0 py lp py lp ac pxpy pA dp neg arcn st}{0 0 p mv 0 py p l px py p l px 0 p l cp cm0 0 p mv 0 py p l px py p l px 0 p l cp cm sm st}{0 rO p mv 0 pcp fill 0 rO p mv 0 py px py rO ac px py px 0 rO ac px 0 0 0 rOnp -1 -1 sc LB gs 1 sg fill gr cm sm st}{Asc LB gs 0.5 sg fill ggs cm sm st gr np 90 ro DLB -1 -1 sc DLB gs 0.5 sg fill gr cmfill gr cm sm st gr gs 0.3 1 sc 0 0 12 0 360 arc gs 1 sg fill gr c0 1 p mv 0 0 1 0 1 ac 8 0 8 -1 1 ac 8 0 16 0 1 ac 16 0 16 1 1 ae 2 ix a}b/PT{8 OB 1 sc 0 bd p 0 0 p 3 -1 r s 3 1 r e s e 0 0 p mo 2 dv s{dp bd p mv bd n p l}for st gr}{gs 12 OB 1 sc np bW 0cp fill gr}{pp}{gs 12 OB/bL x bW 0 ne{bW 2 dv/bd x}if np 0 0 p5 -1 r exec}{al pp 8 ix 1 eq{DD}{DS}ie 5 -1 r 2 eq{DB}{DS}ie pa 0 o p mv 0 e n p l bW 0 ne{bW 2 dv}{bd}ie wF m cW a 1 o n0 g 1 s g exec clip}b/Ct{bs rot g bs rot g gs o CB CB 1 setgradp m2 m b2 a}{ex n dp m1 m b1 a}ie}b/WW{gs wD begin bswy p mv WI p l ex n/ex x ey n/ey x dx n/dx x dy n/dy x lx ly p l Wdp m2 m b2 a}{ex n dp m1 m b1 a}ie}b/BW{wD begin bs e g/0 bW 2 dv wF m wy wx at mt ro tr/dy x/dx x 0 lW 2 dv wy wx aIn p l px py p l cp fill gr end}b/Db{bs{dp type[]type eq{dp 0 g 2x dp/cY x np p mv counttomark{bs e g 2 4 gi al pp o cX ne o c5 -1 r dv neg e 5 -1 r dv neg e cpt xl sc neg e neg e xl}{xl pp p
211 120 54 50 40 80 40 20 chemdict begin SP/bs[[1 1 1952 1345 1952 1714][1 1 4370 1345 4370 1714][1 1 1952 2047 1952 2416][1 1 4370 2086 4370 2455][1 1 2095 1878 2464 1878][1 1 1796 1878 1427 1878][1 1 4552 1904 4921 1904][1 1 4214 1904 3845 1904][1 1 1952 2736 1952 3105][1 1 4352 2756 4352 3125][1 1 4513 2606 4882 2606][1 1 4214 2606 3845 2606][1 1 2095 2580 2464 2580][1 1 1822 2606 1453 2606][1 2 3122 1033 3122 3425]]d gs dL [14 I 3122 3425 DSt gr [0 I 1952 1714 DSt [1 I 4370 12606 DSt [12 I 2464 2580 DSt [13 I 1453 2606 DSt Dbgr end
CH2OH
CHO CHO
C C
C C
HHO
H OH
H OH
HO H
CH2OH
DIASTEROISOMEROS
D-eritrosa L-eritrosa D-treosa L-treosa
Enantiómeros Enantiómeros
Monosacáridos Estructura

13. Aldosas
Cuatro carbonos: Aldotetrosas
currentpoint 192837465
hemDraw Laser PrepopyRight 1986, 1987, Cambridge Scientific Computing, Inc.dict/chemdict 145 dict put chemdict begin/version 23 def/b{bind def}bind def/L{load def}b/d/def L/agrestore L/gs/gsave L/ie/ifelse L/ix/index L/l/lineto L/mt/matrix L/mv/moveto L/m/mul L/n/neg L/np/neansform L/xl/translate L/S{sf m}b/dA{[3 S]}b/dL{dA dp 0 3 lW m put 0 setdash}d/cR 12 d/wF 1.5 d/sc -.6 1.2 p mv 0.6 1.2 p l -.6 2.2 p mv 0.6 2.2 p l cm sm st gr}b/OB{/bS x 3 ix 3 ix xl 3 -1 r s 3 1 r e-2 dv mv aL 0 aR aL m 180 aA s 180 arc 0 cw -2 dv rlineto cp fill}b/SA{aF m lW m/aL x aL 1 aR sp}{sqrt at 2 m np rad 0 rad 180 6 -1 r s 180 6 -1 r s arc gs cm sm st gr cpt e at ro}ie}b/AA{np rad 0m dp n p l st}b/HA{lW m/w x np 0 0 p mv w 2 m dp p l w 2 m w p l rad w p l rad w n p l w 2 m w n p lA}{cw 5 m sl 3.375 SA DA}{cw 5 m sl 2.25 SA DA}{cw 5 m sl 1.5 SA DA}{270 CA DA}{180 CA D6 HA}{dL 2.25 SA DA}{dL 1.5 SA DA}{dL 1 SA DA}{2.25 SA OA}{1.5 SA OA}{1 SA OA}{1 -1 sc 2180 CA OA}{1 -1 sc 120 CA OA}{1 -1 sc 90 CA OA}{1 -1 sc 270 AA}{1 -1 sc 180 AA}{1 -1 sc 120OrA{py px at ro px dp m py dp m a sqrt dp rev{neg}if sc}b/Ov{OrA 1 0.4 sc 0 0 1 0 360 arc cm sm g9.6 12 -9.6 16.8 cv -9.6 21.6 -8 24.6 -4.8 25.8 cv -1.6 27 1.6 27 4.8 25.8 cv 8 24.6 9.6 21.6 9.6 16t{1 -1 sc neg}if/py x dp 0 lt{-1 1 sc neg}if/px x np[{py 16 div dup 2 S lt{pp 2 S}if/lp x lp 0 p mv 0 0 p l2 dv lp neg o lp ac 0 py 2 dv 0 py lp ac 0 py lp py lp ac px lp s 0 p mv px 0 px py lp ac px py 2 dv pxA dp neg arcn st}{0 0 p mv 0 py p l px py p l px 0 p l cp cm sm st}{px lW 2 dv a lW -2 dv p mv rO dpmv 0 py p l px py p l px 0 p l cp cm sm st}{0 rO p mv 0 py px py rO ac px py px 0 rO ac px 0 0 0 rO0 rO p mv 0 py px py rO ac px py px 0 rO ac px 0 0 0 rO ac 0 0 0 py rO ac cp st}{1.0 Ac}{0.5 Ac}{1-1 sc LB gs 1 sg fill gr cm sm st}{Asc LB gs 0.5 sg fill gr gs cm sm st gr np -0.4 -0.4 sc LB gs 1 sgm sm st gr np 90 ro DLB -1 -1 sc DLB gs 0.5 sg fill gr cm sm st}{Asc gs -1 -1 sc ZLB gs 1 sg fill grcm sm st gr gs 0.3 1 sc 0 0 12 0 360 arc gs 1 sg fill gr cm sm st gr ZLB gs 0.5 sg fill gr cm sm st}{mv 0 0 1 0 1 ac 8 0 8 -1 1 ac 8 0 16 0 1 ac 16 0 16 1 1 ac cm sm st}]e 39 s g exec gr}ie}b/Cr{0 36a}b/PT{8 OB 1 sc 0 bd p 0 0 p 3 -1 r s 3 1 r e s e 0 0 p mv 1 0 p l 0 0 p ap mv 1 0 p ap l e n e n 0v s{dp bd p mv bd n p l}for st gr}{gs 12 OB 1 sc np bW 0 ne{bW 2 dv/bd x}if 1 1 nH 1 s{nH dv dp bdgr}{pp}{gs 12 OB/bL x bW 0 ne{bW 2 dv/bd x}if np 0 0 p mv bL bd 4 m dv round 2 o o lt{e}if pp cviexec}{al pp 8 ix 1 eq{DD}{DS}ie 5 -1 r 2 eq{DB}{DS}ie pp}{2 4 gi al pp DT}]o 0 g g exec}b/CS{p mp mv 0 e n p l bW 0 ne{bW 2 dv}{bd}ie wF m cW a 1 o n p l 1 e p l cp cm sm}b/CB{np[{[{CS}{CS}{s g exec clip}b/Ct{bs rot g bs rot g gs o CB CB 1 setgray clippath fill 0 setgray Bd gr}b/wD 18 dic2 m b2 a}{ex n dp m1 m b1 a}ie}b/WW{gs wD begin bs e g 2 4 gi al pp o o xl 4 -1 r 3 -1 r s/wx x s/wmv WI p l ex n/ex x ey n/ey x dx n/dx x dy n/dy x lx ly p l WI p l cp fill end gr}b/In{px dx ne{py dy s px d2 m b2 a}{ex n dp m1 m b1 a}ie}b/BW{wD begin bs e g/wb x bs e g/bb x wb 4 g/cX x wb 5 g/cY x b2 dv wF m wy wx at mt ro tr/dy x/dx x 0 lW 2 dv wy wx at mt ro tr wy a/py x wx a/px x gs cX cY xl nppx py p l cp fill gr end}b/Db{bs{dp type[]type eq{dp 0 g 2 eq{gs dp 1 g 1 eq{dL}if 6 4 gi al pp DS grcY x np p mv counttomark{bs e g 2 4 gi al pp o cX ne o cY ne or{4 1 r 4 1 r}if pp pp o/cX x dp/cY x odv neg e 5 -1 r dv neg e cpt xl sc neg e neg e xl}{xl pp pp}ifelse 1 1 S dv dp sc cm currentmatrix pp
120 59 50 40 80 40 20 chemdict begin SP1 1952 1345 1952 1714]4370 1345 4370 1714]1952 2047 1952 2416]4370 2086 4370 2455]2095 1878 2464 1878]1796 1878 1427 1878]4552 1904 4921 1904]4214 1904 3845 1904]1952 2736 1952 3105]4352 2756 4352 3125]4513 2606 4882 2606]4214 2606 3845 2606]2095 2580 2464 2580]1822 2606 1453 2606]3122 1033 3122 3425]dL [14 I 3122 3425 DSt gr [0 I 1952 1714 DSt [1 I 4370 1714 DSt [2 I 1952 2416 DSt [3 I 4370 24DSt [12 I 2464 2580 DSt [13 I 1453 2606 DSt Dbd
H
CH2OH
CHO CHO
C C
C C
HO
H OH
HOH
HO H
CH2OH
currentpo
% ChemDraw Laser Prep% CopyRight 1986, 1987, Cambridge Scientific Computing, Inuserdict/chemdict 145 dict put chemdict begin/version 23 defL/gr/grestore L/gs/gsave L/ie/ifelse L/ix/index L/l/lineto L/mt/mL/tr/transform L/xl/translate L/S{sf m}b/dA{[3 S]}b/dL{dA dp 0xl dp sc -.6 1.2 p mv 0.6 1.2 p l -.6 2.2 p mv 0.6 2.2 p l cm sm0 cw -2 dv mv aL 0 aR aL m 180 aA s 180 arc 0 cw -2 dv rlinepp pp}{sqrt at 2 m np rad 0 rad 180 6 -1 r s 180 6 -1 r s arc gsl w 2 m dp n p l st}b/HA{lW m/w x np 0 0 p mv w 2 m dp p l wSA DA}{cw 5 m sl 3.375 SA DA}{cw 5 m sl 2.25 SA DA}{cw 5RA}{6 HA}{dL 2.25 SA DA}{dL 1.5 SA DA}{dL 1 SA DA}{2.25 S-1 sc 180 CA OA}{1 -1 sc 120 CA OA}{1 -1 sc 90 CA OA}{1 -st}b/OrA{py px at ro px dp m py dp m a sqrt dp rev{neg}if sc}b-8 8 -9.6 12 -9.6 16.8 cv -9.6 21.6 -8 24.6 -4.8 25.8 cv -1.6 27dp 0 lt{1 -1 sc neg}if/py x dp 0 lt{-1 1 sc neg}if/px x np[{py 16 d0 py 2 dv lp neg o lp ac 0 py 2 dv 0 py lp ac 0 py lp py lp ac pxpy pA dp neg arcn st}{0 0 p mv 0 py p l px py p l px 0 p l cp cm0 0 p mv 0 py p l px py p l px 0 p l cp cm sm st}{0 rO p mv 0 pcp fill 0 rO p mv 0 py px py rO ac px py px 0 rO ac px 0 0 0 rOnp -1 -1 sc LB gs 1 sg fill gr cm sm st}{Asc LB gs 0.5 sg fill ggs cm sm st gr np 90 ro DLB -1 -1 sc DLB gs 0.5 sg fill gr cmfill gr cm sm st gr gs 0.3 1 sc 0 0 12 0 360 arc gs 1 sg fill gr c0 1 p mv 0 0 1 0 1 ac 8 0 8 -1 1 ac 8 0 16 0 1 ac 16 0 16 1 1 ae 2 ix a}b/PT{8 OB 1 sc 0 bd p 0 0 p 3 -1 r s 3 1 r e s e 0 0 p mo 2 dv s{dp bd p mv bd n p l}for st gr}{gs 12 OB 1 sc np bW 0cp fill gr}{pp}{gs 12 OB/bL x bW 0 ne{bW 2 dv/bd x}if np 0 0 p5 -1 r exec}{al pp 8 ix 1 eq{DD}{DS}ie 5 -1 r 2 eq{DB}{DS}ie pa 0 o p mv 0 e n p l bW 0 ne{bW 2 dv}{bd}ie wF m cW a 1 o n0 g 1 s g exec clip}b/Ct{bs rot g bs rot g gs o CB CB 1 setgradp m2 m b2 a}{ex n dp m1 m b1 a}ie}b/WW{gs wD begin bswy p mv WI p l ex n/ex x ey n/ey x dx n/dx x dy n/dy x lx ly p l Wdp m2 m b2 a}{ex n dp m1 m b1 a}ie}b/BW{wD begin bs e g/0 bW 2 dv wF m wy wx at mt ro tr/dy x/dx x 0 lW 2 dv wy wx aIn p l px py p l cp fill gr end}b/Db{bs{dp type[]type eq{dp 0 g 2x dp/cY x np p mv counttomark{bs e g 2 4 gi al pp o cX ne o c5 -1 r dv neg e 5 -1 r dv neg e cpt xl sc neg e neg e xl}{xl pp p
211 120 54 50 40 80 40 20 chemdict begin SP/bs[[1 1 1952 1345 1952 1714][1 1 4370 1345 4370 1714][1 1 1952 2047 1952 2416][1 1 4370 2086 4370 2455][1 1 2095 1878 2464 1878][1 1 1796 1878 1427 1878][1 1 4552 1904 4921 1904][1 1 4214 1904 3845 1904][1 1 1952 2736 1952 3105][1 1 4352 2756 4352 3125][1 1 4513 2606 4882 2606][1 1 4214 2606 3845 2606][1 1 2095 2580 2464 2580][1 1 1822 2606 1453 2606][1 2 3122 1033 3122 3425]]d gs dL [14 I 3122 3425 DSt gr [0 I 1952 1714 DSt [1 I 4370 12606 DSt [12 I 2464 2580 DSt [13 I 1453 2606 DSt Dbgr end
CH2OH
CHO CHO
C C
C C
HHO
H OH
H OH
HO H
CH2OH
D-eritrosa L-eritrosa D-treosa L-treosa
D-gliceraldehido
L-gliceraldehido
Monosacáridos Estructura

14. Aldosas
Cinco carbonos: Aldopentosas
D-ribosa D-arabinosa D-xilosa D-lixosa
currentpoint 192837465
% ChemDraw Laser Prep% CopyRight 1986, 1987, Cambridge Scientific Computing, Inc.userdict/chemdict 145 dict put chemdict begin/version 23 def/b{bind def}bind deL/gr/grestore L/gs/gsave L/ie/ifelse L/ix/index L/l/lineto L/mt/matrix L/mv/movetL/tr/transform L/xl/translate L/S{sf m}b/dA{[3 S]}b/dL{dA dp 0 3 lW m put 0 setxl dp sc -.6 1.2 p mv 0.6 1.2 p l -.6 2.2 p mv 0.6 2.2 p l cm sm st gr}b/OB{/bS0 cw -2 dv mv aL 0 aR aL m 180 aA s 180 arc 0 cw -2 dv rlineto cp fill}b/SA{aFpp pp}{sqrt at 2 m np rad 0 rad 180 6 -1 r s 180 6 -1 r s arc gs cm sm st gr cptl w 2 m dp n p l st}b/HA{lW m/w x np 0 0 p mv w 2 m dp p l w 2 m w p l rad wSA DA}{cw 5 m sl 3.375 SA DA}{cw 5 m sl 2.25 SA DA}{cw 5 m sl 1.5 SA DARA}{6 HA}{dL 2.25 SA DA}{dL 1.5 SA DA}{dL 1 SA DA}{2.25 SA OA}{1.5 SA O-1 sc 180 CA OA}{1 -1 sc 120 CA OA}{1 -1 sc 90 CA OA}{1 -1 sc 270 AA}{1 -1st}b/OrA{py px at ro px dp m py dp m a sqrt dp rev{neg}if sc}b/Ov{OrA 1 0.4 sc-8 8 -9.6 12 -9.6 16.8 cv -9.6 21.6 -8 24.6 -4.8 25.8 cv -1.6 27 1.6 27 4.8 25.8 cdp 0 lt{1 -1 sc neg}if/py x dp 0 lt{-1 1 sc neg}if/px x np[{py 16 div dup 2 S lt{pp0 py 2 dv lp neg o lp ac 0 py 2 dv 0 py lp ac 0 py lp py lp ac px lp s 0 p mv pxpy pA dp neg arcn st}{0 0 p mv 0 py p l px py p l px 0 p l cp cm sm st}{px lW 20 0 p mv 0 py p l px py p l px 0 p l cp cm sm st}{0 rO p mv 0 py px py rO ac pcp fill 0 rO p mv 0 py px py rO ac px py px 0 rO ac px 0 0 0 rO ac 0 0 0 py rOnp -1 -1 sc LB gs 1 sg fill gr cm sm st}{Asc LB gs 0.5 sg fill gr gs cm sm st grgs cm sm st gr np 90 ro DLB -1 -1 sc DLB gs 0.5 sg fill gr cm sm st}{Asc gs -fill gr cm sm st gr gs 0.3 1 sc 0 0 12 0 360 arc gs 1 sg fill gr cm sm st gr ZLB0 1 p mv 0 0 1 0 1 ac 8 0 8 -1 1 ac 8 0 16 0 1 ac 16 0 16 1 1 ac cm sm st}]e 3e 2 ix a}b/PT{8 OB 1 sc 0 bd p 0 0 p 3 -1 r s 3 1 r e s e 0 0 p mv 1 0 p l 0 0 p ao 2 dv s{dp bd p mv bd n p l}for st gr}{gs 12 OB 1 sc np bW 0 ne{bW 2 dv/bd xcp fill gr}{pp}{gs 12 OB/bL x bW 0 ne{bW 2 dv/bd x}if np 0 0 p mv bL bd 4 m dv5 -1 r exec}{al pp 8 ix 1 eq{DD}{DS}ie 5 -1 r 2 eq{DB}{DS}ie pp}{2 4 gi al pp DT}a 0 o p mv 0 e n p l bW 0 ne{bW 2 dv}{bd}ie wF m cW a 1 o n p l 1 e p l cp cm0 g 1 s g exec clip}b/Ct{bs rot g bs rot g gs o CB CB 1 setgray clippath fill 0 sedp m2 m b2 a}{ex n dp m1 m b1 a}ie}b/WW{gs wD begin bs e g 2 4 gi al pp owy p mv WI p l ex n/ex x ey n/ey x dx n/dx x dy n/dy x lx ly p l WI p l cp fill endp m2 m b2 a}{ex n dp m1 m b1 a}ie}b/BW{wD begin bs e g/wb x bs e g/bb x w0 bW 2 dv wF m wy wx at mt ro tr/dy x/dx x 0 lW 2 dv wy wx at mt ro tr wy a/pIn p l px py p l cp fill gr end}b/Db{bs{dp type[]type eq{dp 0 g 2 eq{gs dp 1 g 1 ex dp/cY x np p mv counttomark{bs e g 2 4 gi al pp o cX ne o cY ne or{4 1 r 4 15 -1 r dv neg e 5 -1 r dv neg e cpt xl sc neg e neg e xl}{xl pp pp}ifelse 1 1 S dv
H
CHO
C
CH OH
OH
CH2OH
H C OH
currentpoint 192837465
ChemDraw Laser PrepCopyRight 1986, 1987, Cambridge Scientific Computing, Inc.erdict/chemdict 145 dict put chemdict begin/version 23 def/b{bind def}bind def/L{gr/grestore L/gs/gsave L/ie/ifelse L/ix/index L/l/lineto L/mt/matrix L/mv/moveto L/mr/transform L/xl/translate L/S{sf m}b/dA{[3 S]}b/dL{dA dp 0 3 lW m put 0 setdashdp sc -.6 1.2 p mv 0.6 1.2 p l -.6 2.2 p mv 0.6 2.2 p l cm sm st gr}b/OB{/bS x 3 ixw -2 dv mv aL 0 aR aL m 180 aA s 180 arc 0 cw -2 dv rlineto cp fill}b/SA{aF m lWpp}{sqrt at 2 m np rad 0 rad 180 6 -1 r s 180 6 -1 r s arc gs cm sm st gr cpt e at2 m dp n p l st}b/HA{lW m/w x np 0 0 p mv w 2 m dp p l w 2 m w p l rad w p l raDA}{cw 5 m sl 3.375 SA DA}{cw 5 m sl 2.25 SA DA}{cw 5 m sl 1.5 SA DA}{270A}{6 HA}{dL 2.25 SA DA}{dL 1.5 SA DA}{dL 1 SA DA}{2.25 SA OA}{1.5 SA OA}{sc 180 CA OA}{1 -1 sc 120 CA OA}{1 -1 sc 90 CA OA}{1 -1 sc 270 AA}{1 -1 scb/OrA{py px at ro px dp m py dp m a sqrt dp rev{neg}if sc}b/Ov{OrA 1 0.4 sc 0 08 -9.6 12 -9.6 16.8 cv -9.6 21.6 -8 24.6 -4.8 25.8 cv -1.6 27 1.6 27 4.8 25.8 cv 80 lt{1 -1 sc neg}if/py x dp 0 lt{-1 1 sc neg}if/px x np[{py 16 div dup 2 S lt{pp 2 S}ipy 2 dv lp neg o lp ac 0 py 2 dv 0 py lp ac 0 py lp py lp ac px lp s 0 p mv px 0 px ppA dp neg arcn st}{0 0 p mv 0 py p l px py p l px 0 p l cp cm sm st}{px lW 2 dv a0 p mv 0 py p l px py p l px 0 p l cp cm sm st}{0 rO p mv 0 py px py rO ac px py pxfill 0 rO p mv 0 py px py rO ac px py px 0 rO ac px 0 0 0 rO ac 0 0 0 py rO ac cp-1 -1 sc LB gs 1 sg fill gr cm sm st}{Asc LB gs 0.5 sg fill gr gs cm sm st gr np -0cm sm st gr np 90 ro DLB -1 -1 sc DLB gs 0.5 sg fill gr cm sm st}{Asc gs -1 -1 sgr cm sm st gr gs 0.3 1 sc 0 0 12 0 360 arc gs 1 sg fill gr cm sm st gr ZLB gs 0.1 p mv 0 0 1 0 1 ac 8 0 8 -1 1 ac 8 0 16 0 1 ac 16 0 16 1 1 ac cm sm st}]e 39 s gix a}b/PT{8 OB 1 sc 0 bd p 0 0 p 3 -1 r s 3 1 r e s e 0 0 p mv 1 0 p l 0 0 p ap mvdv s{dp bd p mv bd n p l}for st gr}{gs 12 OB 1 sc np bW 0 ne{bW 2 dv/bd x}if 1fill gr}{pp}{gs 12 OB/bL x bW 0 ne{bW 2 dv/bd x}if np 0 0 p mv bL bd 4 m dv rou1 r exec}{al pp 8 ix 1 eq{DD}{DS}ie 5 -1 r 2 eq{DB}{DS}ie pp}{2 4 gi al pp DT}]o 0o p mv 0 e n p l bW 0 ne{bW 2 dv}{bd}ie wF m cW a 1 o n p l 1 e p l cp cm sm}g 1 s g exec clip}b/Ct{bs rot g bs rot g gs o CB CB 1 setgray clippath fill 0 setgraym2 m b2 a}{ex n dp m1 m b1 a}ie}b/WW{gs wD begin bs e g 2 4 gi al pp o o xl 4p mv WI p l ex n/ex x ey n/ey x dx n/dx x dy n/dy x lx ly p l WI p l cp fill end gr}b/Im2 m b2 a}{ex n dp m1 m b1 a}ie}b/BW{wD begin bs e g/wb x bs e g/bb x wb 4bW 2 dv wF m wy wx at mt ro tr/dy x/dx x 0 lW 2 dv wy wx at mt ro tr wy a/py x wxp l px py p l cp fill gr end}b/Db{bs{dp type[]type eq{dp 0 g 2 eq{gs dp 1 g 1 eq{dLp/cY x np p mv counttomark{bs e g 2 4 gi al pp o cX ne o cY ne or{4 1 r 4 1 r}if p1 r dv neg e 5 -1 r dv neg e cpt xl sc neg e neg e xl}{xl pp pp}ifelse 1 1 S dv dp sc
CH2OH
OH
OHH C
C
CHO
H
HHO C
currentpoint 192837465
CHO H
CHO
CH OH
C H2
OH
H C OH
curren
CHO H
C H2OH
OHH C
CHO
HHO C
D-eritrosa D-treosa
Monosacáridos Estructura

15. Aldosas
Seis carbonos: Aldohexosas
D-alosa D-altrosa D-glucosa D-manosa
currentpoint 192837465
% ChemDraw Laser Prep% CopyRight 1986, 1987, Cambridge Scientific Computing, Inc.userdict/chemdict 145 dict put chemdict begin/version 23 def/b{bind def}bind def/L{load def}L/gr/grestore L/gs/gsave L/ie/ifelse L/ix/index L/l/lineto L/mt/matrix L/mv/moveto L/m/mul L/nL/tr/transform L/xl/translate L/S{sf m}b/dA{[3 S]}b/dL{dA dp 0 3 lW m put 0 setdash}d/cR 12xl dp sc -.6 1.2 p mv 0.6 1.2 p l -.6 2.2 p mv 0.6 2.2 p l cm sm st gr}b/OB{/bS x 3 ix 3 ix xl0 cw -2 dv mv aL 0 aR aL m 180 aA s 180 arc 0 cw -2 dv rlineto cp fill}b/SA{aF m lW m/aL xpp pp}{sqrt at 2 m np rad 0 rad 180 6 -1 r s 180 6 -1 r s arc gs cm sm st gr cpt e at ro}ie}b/Al w 2 m dp n p l st}b/HA{lW m/w x np 0 0 p mv w 2 m dp p l w 2 m w p l rad w p l rad w n pSA DA}{cw 5 m sl 3.375 SA DA}{cw 5 m sl 2.25 SA DA}{cw 5 m sl 1.5 SA DA}{270 CA DARA}{6 HA}{dL 2.25 SA DA}{dL 1.5 SA DA}{dL 1 SA DA}{2.25 SA OA}{1.5 SA OA}{1 SA OA-1 sc 180 CA OA}{1 -1 sc 120 CA OA}{1 -1 sc 90 CA OA}{1 -1 sc 270 AA}{1 -1 sc 180 AA}{st}b/OrA{py px at ro px dp m py dp m a sqrt dp rev{neg}if sc}b/Ov{OrA 1 0.4 sc 0 0 1 0 360-8 8 -9.6 12 -9.6 16.8 cv -9.6 21.6 -8 24.6 -4.8 25.8 cv -1.6 27 1.6 27 4.8 25.8 cv 8 24.6 9.6dp 0 lt{1 -1 sc neg}if/py x dp 0 lt{-1 1 sc neg}if/px x np[{py 16 div dup 2 S lt{pp 2 S}if/lp x lp0 py 2 dv lp neg o lp ac 0 py 2 dv 0 py lp ac 0 py lp py lp ac px lp s 0 p mv px 0 px py lp acpy pA dp neg arcn st}{0 0 p mv 0 py p l px py p l px 0 p l cp cm sm st}{px lW 2 dv a lW -2 d0 0 p mv 0 py p l px py p l px 0 p l cp cm sm st}{0 rO p mv 0 py px py rO ac px py px 0 rOcp fill 0 rO p mv 0 py px py rO ac px py px 0 rO ac px 0 0 0 rO ac 0 0 0 py rO ac cp st}{1.0np -1 -1 sc LB gs 1 sg fill gr cm sm st}{Asc LB gs 0.5 sg fill gr gs cm sm st gr np -0.4 -0.4gs cm sm st gr np 90 ro DLB -1 -1 sc DLB gs 0.5 sg fill gr cm sm st}{Asc gs -1 -1 sc ZLB gfill gr cm sm st gr gs 0.3 1 sc 0 0 12 0 360 arc gs 1 sg fill gr cm sm st gr ZLB gs 0.5 sg fill0 1 p mv 0 0 1 0 1 ac 8 0 8 -1 1 ac 8 0 16 0 1 ac 16 0 16 1 1 ac cm sm st}]e 39 s g exec gre 2 ix a}b/PT{8 OB 1 sc 0 bd p 0 0 p 3 -1 r s 3 1 r e s e 0 0 p mv 1 0 p l 0 0 p ap mv 1 0 p ao 2 dv s{dp bd p mv bd n p l}for st gr}{gs 12 OB 1 sc np bW 0 ne{bW 2 dv/bd x}if 1 1 nH 1 scp fill gr}{pp}{gs 12 OB/bL x bW 0 ne{bW 2 dv/bd x}if np 0 0 p mv bL bd 4 m dv round 2 o o5 -1 r exec}{al pp 8 ix 1 eq{DD}{DS}ie 5 -1 r 2 eq{DB}{DS}ie pp}{2 4 gi al pp DT}]o 0 g g execa 0 o p mv 0 e n p l bW 0 ne{bW 2 dv}{bd}ie wF m cW a 1 o n p l 1 e p l cp cm sm}b/CB{np0 g 1 s g exec clip}b/Ct{bs rot g bs rot g gs o CB CB 1 setgray clippath fill 0 setgray Bd gr}dp m2 m b2 a}{ex n dp m1 m b1 a}ie}b/WW{gs wD begin bs e g 2 4 gi al pp o o xl 4 -1 r 3 -wy p mv WI p l ex n/ex x ey n/ey x dx n/dx x dy n/dy x lx ly p l WI p l cp fill end gr}b/In{px ddp m2 m b2 a}{ex n dp m1 m b1 a}ie}b/BW{wD begin bs e g/wb x bs e g/bb x wb 4 g/cXx w0 bW 2 dv wF m wy wx at mt ro tr/dy x/dx x 0 lW 2 dv wy wx at mt ro tr wy a/py x wx a/pxIn p l px py p l cp fill gr end}b/Db{bs{dp type[]type eq{dp 0 g 2 eq{gs dp 1 g 1 eq{dL}if 6 4 gix dp/cY x np p mv counttomark{bs e g 2 4 gi al pp o cXne o cY ne or{4 1 r 4 1 r}if pp pp o/c5 -1 r dv neg e 5 -1 r dv neg e cpt xl sc neg e neg e xl}{xl pp pp}ifelse 1 1 S dv dp sc cm cur
70 165 6 100 40 80 40 20 chemdict begin SP/bs[[1 1 759 2181 759 2487][1 1 746 4200 746 4505][1 1 881 4010 1186 4010][1 1 633 4010 328 4010][1 1 742 2850 742 3155][1 1 746 4770 746 5075][1 1 881 3349 1186 3349][1 1 633 3349 328 3349][1 1 762 3520 762 3825][1 1 864 4641 1169 4641][1 1 638 4662 333 4662][1 1 881 2669 1186 2669][1 1 633 2669 328 2669]]d [0 I 759 2487 DSt [1 I 746 4505 DSt [2 I 1186 4010 DSt [3 I 328 4010 DSt [4 I 742 3155 Dgr end
OHCH
H
CHO
C
CH OH
OH
CH2OH
H C OH
currentpoint 192837465
CHO H
OHCH
CH2OH
OH
OHH C
C
CHO
H
currentpoint 192837465
% ChemDraw Laser Prep% CopyRight 1986, 1987, Cambridge Scientific Computing, Inc.userdict/chemdict 145 dict put chemdict begin/version 23 def/b{bind defL/gr/grestore L/gs/gsave L/ie/ifelse L/ix/index L/l/lineto L/mt/matrix L/mvL/tr/transform L/xl/translate L/S{sf m}b/dA{[3 S]}b/dL{dA dp 0 3 lW m puxl dp sc -.6 1.2 p mv 0.6 1.2 p l -.6 2.2 p mv 0.6 2.2 p l cm sm st gr}b/O0 cw -2 dv mv aL 0 aR aL m 180 aA s 180 arc 0 cw -2 dv rlineto cp fill}bpp pp}{sqrt at 2 m np rad 0 rad 180 6 -1 r s 180 6 -1 r s arc gs cm sm sl w 2 m dp n p l st}b/HA{lW m/w x np 0 0 p mv w 2 m dp p l w 2 m w p lSA DA}{cw 5 m sl 3.375 SA DA}{cw 5 m sl 2.25 SA DA}{cw 5 m sl 1.5RA}{6 HA}{dL 2.25 SA DA}{dL 1.5 SA DA}{dL 1 SA DA}{2.25 SA OA}{1-1 sc 180 CA OA}{1 -1 sc 120 CA OA}{1 -1 sc 90 CA OA}{1 -1 sc 270st}b/OrA{py px at ro px dp m py dp m a sqrt dp rev{neg}if sc}b/Ov{OrA 1-8 8 -9.6 12 -9.6 16.8 cv -9.6 21.6 -8 24.6 -4.8 25.8 cv -1.6 27 1.6 27 4dp 0 lt{1 -1 sc neg}if/py x dp 0 lt{-1 1 sc neg}if/px x np[{py 16 div dup 2 S0 py 2 dv lp neg o lp ac 0 py 2 dv 0 py lp ac 0 py lp py lp ac px lp s 0 p mpy pA dp neg arcn st}{0 0 p mv 0 py p l px py p l px 0 p l cp cm sm st}{p0 0 p mv 0 py p l px py p l px 0 p l cp cm sm st}{0 rO p mv 0 py px py rOcp fill 0 rO p mv 0 py px py rO ac px py px 0 rO ac px 0 0 0 rO ac 0 0 0np -1 -1 sc LB gs 1 sg fill gr cm sm st}{Asc LB gs 0.5 sg fill gr gs cm smgs cm sm st gr np 90 ro DLB -1 -1 sc DLB gs 0.5 sg fill gr cm sm st}{Asfill gr cm sm st gr gs 0.3 1 sc 0 0 12 0 360 arc gs 1 sg fill gr cm sm st g0 1 p mv 0 0 1 0 1 ac 8 0 8 -1 1 ac 8 0 16 0 1 ac 16 0 16 1 1 ac cm sme 2 ix a}b/PT{8 OB 1 sc 0 bd p 0 0 p 3 -1 r s 3 1 r e s e 0 0 p mv 1 0 p lo 2 dv s{dp bd p mv bd n p l}for st gr}{gs 12 OB 1 sc np bW 0 ne{bW 2cp fill gr}{pp}{gs 12 OB/bL x bW 0 ne{bW 2 dv/bd x}if np 0 0 p mv bL bd5 -1 r exec}{al pp 8 ix 1 eq{DD}{DS}ie 5 -1 r 2 eq{DB}{DS}ie pp}{2 4 gi aa 0 o p mv 0 e n p l bW 0 ne{bW 2 dv}{bd}ie wF m cW a 1 o n p l 1 e p0 g 1 s g exec clip}b/Ct{bs rot g bs rot g gs o CB CB 1 setgray clippath fdp m2 m b2 a}{ex n dp m1 m b1 a}ie}b/WW{gs wD begin bs e g 2 4 gi awy p mv WI p l ex n/ex x ey n/ey x dx n/dx x dy n/dy x lx ly p l WI p l cp fidp m2 m b2 a}{ex n dp m1 m b1 a}ie}b/BW{wD begin bs e g/wb x bs e g0 bW 2 dv wF m wy wx at mt ro tr/dy x/dx x 0 lW 2 dv wy wx at mt ro tr wIn p l px py p l cp fill gr end}b/Db{bs{dp type[]type eq{dp 0 g 2 eq{gs dp 1x dp/cY x np p mv counttomark{bs e g 2 4 gi al pp o cX ne o cY ne or{45 -1 r dv neg e 5 -1 r dv neg e cpt xl sc neg e neg e xl}{xl pp pp}ifelse 1
75 166 123 96 40 80 40 20 chemdict begin SP/bs[[1 1 3182 2770 3182 3075][1 1 3218 2092 3218 2397][1 1 3321 2589 3626 2589][1 1 3145 4150 3145 4456][1 1 3280 3961 3585 3961][1 1 3033 3961 2727 3961][1 1 3145 4720 3145 5026][1 1 3073 2589 2768 2589][1 1 3162 3470 3162 3775][1 1 3264 4591 3569 4591][1 1 3038 4613 2732 4613][1 1 3344 3271 3649 3271][1 1 3064 3271 2759 3271]]d [0 I 3182 3075 DSt [1 I 3218 2397 DSt [2 I 3626 2589 DSt [3 I 3145Dbgr end
OHCH
CH2OH
OH
OHH C
C
CHO
H
HHO C
currentpoi
CHO H
CHO H
H
CHO
C
CH OH
OH
CH2OH
D-ribosa D-arabinosa
Monosacáridos Estructura

16. Aldosas
Seis carbonos: Aldohexosas
D-gulosa D-idosa D-galactosa D-talosa
currentpoint 192837465
OHCH
C H2OH
OHH C
CHO
HHO C
H C OH
currentpoint 192837465
aser Prep86, 1987, Cambridge Scientific Computing, Inc.ct 145 dict put chemdict begin/version 23 def/b{bind def}bind def/L{load def}b/d/def L/a/add L/al/as/gsave L/ie/ifelse L/ix/index L/l/lineto L/mt/matrix L/mv/moveto L/m/mul L/n/neg L/np/newpath Lxl/translate L/S{sf m}b/dA{[3 S]}b/dL{dA dp 0 3 lW m put 0 setdash}d/cR 12 d/wF 1.5 d/aF 10 d/amv 0.6 1.2 p l -.6 2.2 p mv 0.6 2.2 p l cm sm st gr}b/OB{/bS x 3 ix 3 ix xl 3 -1 r s 3 1 r e s o o atL 0 aR aL m 180 aA s 180 arc 0 cw -2 dv rlineto cp fill}b/SA{aF m lW m/aL x aL 1 aR s m np 0 pm np rad 0 rad 180 6 -1 r s 180 6 -1 r s arc gs cm sm st gr cpt e at ro}ie}b/AA{np rad 0 rad 180 1t}b/HA{lW m/w x np 0 0 p mv w 2 m dp p l w 2 m w p l rad w p l rad w n p l w 2 m w n p l w 2 m dsl 3.375 SA DA}{cw 5 m sl 2.25 SA DA}{cw 5 m sl 1.5 SA DA}{270 CA DA}{180 CA DA}{120 CA25 SA DA}{dL 1.5 SA DA}{dL 1 SA DA}{2.25 SA OA}{1.5 SA OA}{1 SA OA}{1 -1 sc 2.25 SA OAA}{1 -1 sc 120 CA OA}{1 -1 sc 90 CA OA}{1 -1 sc 270 AA}{1 -1 sc 180 AA}{1 -1 sc 120 AA}{1 -1t ro px dp m py dp m a sqrt dp rev{neg}if sc}b/Ov{OrA 1 0.4 sc 0 0 1 0 360 arc cm sm gs sg fill g16.8 cv -9.6 21.6 -8 24.6 -4.8 25.8 cv -1.6 27 1.6 27 4.8 25.8 cv 8 24.6 9.6 21.6 9.6 16.8 cv 9.6g}if/py x dp 0 lt{-1 1 sc neg}if/px x np[{py 16 div dup 2 S lt{pp 2 S}if/lp x lp 0 p mv 0 0 p l 0 py p l lo lp ac 0 py 2 dv 0 py lp ac 0 py lp py lp ac px lp s 0 p mv px 0 px py lp ac px py 2 dv px lp a o lpcn st}{0 0 p mv 0 py p l px py p l px 0 p l cp cm sm st}{px lW 2 dv a lW -2 dv p mv rO dp rlineto pxpx py p l px 0 p l cp cm sm st}{0 rO p mv 0 py px py rO ac px py px 0 rO ac px 0 0 0 rO ac 0 0 00 py px py rO ac px py px 0 rO ac px 0 0 0 rO ac 0 0 0 py rO ac cp st}{1.0 Ac}{0.5 Ac}{1.0 Ov}{0.s 1 sg fill gr cm sm st}{Asc LB gs 0.5 sg fill gr gs cm sm st gr np -0.4 -0.4 sc LB gs 1 sg fill gr cmp 90 ro DLB -1 -1 sc DLB gs 0.5 sg fill gr cm sm st}{Asc gs -1 -1 sc ZLB gs 1 sg fill gr cm sm st gr gs 0.3 1 sc 0 0 12 0 360 arc gs 1 sg fill gr cm sm st gr ZLB gs 0.5 sg fill gr cm sm st}{0 0 p mv p1 ac 8 0 8 -1 1 ac 8 0 16 0 1 ac 16 0 16 1 1 ac cm sm st}]e 39 s g exec gr}ie}b/Cr{0 360 np arcOB 1 sc 0 bd p 0 0 p 3 -1 r s 3 1 r e s e 0 0 p mv 1 0 p l 0 0 p ap mv 1 0 p ap l e n e n 0 0 p ap mvmv bd n p l}for st gr}{gs 12 OB 1 sc np bW 0 ne{bW 2 dv/bd x}if 1 1 nH 1 s{nH dv dp bd m wF m12 OB/bL x bW 0 ne{bW 2 dv/bd x}if np 0 0 p mv bL bd 4 m dv round 2 o o lt{e}if pp cvi/nSq x bLp 8 ix 1 eq{DD}{DS}ie 5 -1 r 2 eq{DB}{DS}ie pp}{2 4 gi al pp DT}]o 0 g g exec}b/CS{p mv p l cw lWp l bW 0 ne{bW 2 dv}{bd}ie wF m cW a 1 o n p l 1 e p l cp cm sm}b/CB{np[{[{CS}{CS}{cB}{CW}p}b/Ct{bs rot g bs rot g gs o CB CB 1 setgray clippath fill 0 setgray Bd gr}b/wD 18 dict d/WI{wx dx n dp m1 m b1 a}ie}b/WW{gs wD begin bs e g 2 4 gi al pp o o xl 4 -1 r 3 -1 r s/wx x s/wy x bs ex n/ex x ey n/ey x dx n/dx x dy n/dy x lx ly p l WI p l cp fill end gr}b/In{px dx ne{py dy s px dx s dvx n dp m1 m b1 a}ie}b/BW{wD begin bs e g/wb x bs e g/bb x wb 4 g/cX x wb 5 g/cY x bb 4 g cX ewy wx at mt ro tr/dy x/dx x 0 lW 2 dv wy wx at mt ro tr wy a/py x wx a/px x gs cX cY xl np px py pfill gr end}b/Db{bs{dp type[]type eq{dp 0 g 2 eq{gs dp 1 g 1 eq{dL}if 6 4 gi al pp DS gr}{dp 0 g 3v counttomark{bs e g 2 4 gi al pp o cX ne o cY ne or{4 1 r 4 1 r}if pp pp o/cX x dp/cY x o iX eq o-1 r dv neg e cpt xl sc neg e neg e xl}{xl pp pp}ifelse 1 1 S dv dp sc cm currentmatrix pp lW sl 4
40 80 40 20 chemdict begin SP50 5442 3155]5898 2662]5473 2460]5441 4477]5920 3995]5044 3995]5441 5038]5874 3339]5030 3339]5458 3808]5858 4611]5034 4632]5022 2662]5 DSt [1 I 5898 2662 DSt [2 I 5473 2460 DSt [3 I 5441 4477 DSt [4 I 5920 3995 DSt [5 I 5044 39
CHO H
CHO H
CHO
CH OH
C H2
OH
H C OH
currentpoint 192837465
CHO H
CHO
CH OH
C H2OH
HHO C
H C OH
currentpo
% ChemDraw Laser Prep% CopyRight 1986, 1987, Cambridge Scientific Computing, Inc.userdict/chemdict 145 dict put chemdict begin/version 23 def/b{bind def}bind def/L{load deL/gr/grestore L/gs/gsave L/ie/ifelse L/ix/index L/l/lineto L/mt/matrix L/mv/moveto L/m/mul L/L/tr/transform L/xl/translate L/S{sf m}b/dA{[3 S]}b/dL{dA dp 0 3 lW m put 0 setdash}d/cR 12xl dp sc -.6 1.2 p mv 0.6 1.2 p l -.6 2.2 p mv 0.6 2.2 p l cm sm st gr}b/OB{/bS x 3 ix 3 ix xl 30 cw -2 dv mv aL 0 aR aL m 180 aA s 180 arc 0 cw -2 dv rlineto cp fill}b/SA{aF m lW m/aLpp pp}{sqrt at 2 m np rad 0 rad 180 6 -1 r s 180 6 -1 r s arc gs cm sm st gr cpt e at ro}ie}b/l w 2 m dp n p l st}b/HA{lW m/w x np 0 0 p mv w 2 m dp p l w 2 m w p l rad w p l rad w n pSA DA}{cw 5 m sl 3.375 SA DA}{cw 5 m sl 2.25 SA DA}{cw 5 m sl 1.5 SA DA}{270 CA DA}RA}{6 HA}{dL 2.25 SA DA}{dL 1.5 SA DA}{dL 1 SA DA}{2.25 SA OA}{1.5 SA OA}{1 SA OA-1 sc 180 CA OA}{1 -1 sc 120 CA OA}{1 -1 sc 90 CA OA}{1 -1 sc 270 AA}{1 -1 sc 180 AA}{st}b/OrA{py px at ro px dp m py dp m a sqrt dp rev{neg}if sc}b/Ov{OrA 1 0.4 sc 0 0 1 0 360-8 8 -9.6 12 -9.6 16.8 cv -9.6 21.6 -8 24.6 -4.8 25.8 cv -1.6 27 1.6 27 4.8 25.8 cv 8 24.6 9.6dp 0 lt{1 -1 sc neg}if/py x dp 0 lt{-1 1 sc neg}if/px x np[{py 16 div dup 2 S lt{pp 2 S}if/lp x lp0 py 2 dv lp neg o lp ac 0 py 2 dv 0 py lp ac 0 py lp py lp ac px lp s 0 p mv px 0 px py lp acpy pA dp neg arcn st}{0 0 p mv 0 py p l px py p l px 0 p l cp cm sm st}{px lW 2 dv a lW -2 d0 0 p mv 0 py p l px py p l px 0 p l cp cm sm st}{0 rO p mv 0 py px py rO ac px py px 0 rO acp fill 0 rO p mv 0 py px py rO ac px py px 0 rO ac px 0 0 0 rO ac 0 0 0 py rO ac cp st}{1.0np -1 -1 sc LB gs 1 sg fill gr cm sm st}{Asc LB gs 0.5 sg fill gr gs cm sm st gr np -0.4 -0.4 sgs cm sm st gr np 90 ro DLB -1 -1 sc DLB gs 0.5 sg fill gr cm sm st}{Asc gs -1 -1 sc ZLB gfill gr cm sm st gr gs 0.3 1 sc 0 0 12 0 360 arc gs 1 sg fill gr cm sm st gr ZLB gs 0.5 sg fill g0 1 p mv 0 0 1 0 1 ac 8 0 8 -1 1 ac 8 0 16 0 1 ac 16 0 16 1 1 ac cm sm st}]e 39 s g exec gre 2 ix a}b/PT{8 OB 1 sc 0 bd p 0 0 p 3 -1 r s 3 1 r e s e 0 0 p mv 1 0 p l 0 0 p ap mv 1 0 p ao 2 dv s{dp bd p mv bd n p l}for st gr}{gs 12 OB 1 sc np bW 0 ne{bW 2 dv/bd x}if 1 1 nH 1cp fill gr}{pp}{gs 12 OB/bL x bW 0 ne{bW 2 dv/bd x}if np 0 0 p mv bL bd 4 m dv round 2 o o5 -1 r exec}{al pp 8 ix 1 eq{DD}{DS}ie 5 -1 r 2 eq{DB}{DS}ie pp}{2 4 gi al pp DT}]o 0 g g exa 0 o p mv 0 e n p l bW 0 ne{bW 2 dv}{bd}ie wF m cW a 1 o n p l 1 e p l cp cm sm}b/CB{n0 g 1 s g exec clip}b/Ct{bs rot g bs rot g gs o CB CB 1 setgray clippath fill 0 setgray Bd gr}bdp m2 m b2 a}{ex n dp m1 m b1 a}ie}b/WW{gs wD begin bs e g 2 4 gi al pp o o xl 4 -1 r 3wy p mv WI p l ex n/ex x ey n/ey x dx n/dx x dy n/dy x lx ly p l WI p l cp fill end gr}b/In{px dxdp m2 m b2 a}{ex n dp m1 m b1 a}ie}b/BW{wD begin bs e g/wb x bs e g/bb x wb 4 g/cX x w0 bW 2 dv wF m wy wx at mt ro tr/dy x/dx x 0 lW 2 dv wy wx at mt ro tr wy a/py x wx a/px xIn p l px py p l cp fill gr end}b/Db{bs{dp type[]type eq{dp 0 g 2 eq{gs dp 1 g 1 eq{dL}if 6 4 gx dp/cY x np p mv counttomark{bs e g 2 4 gi al pp o cX ne o cY ne or{4 1 r 4 1 r}if pp pp o/5 -1 r dv neg e 5 -1 r dv neg e cpt xl sc neg e neg e xl}{xl pp pp}ifelse 1 1 S dv dp sc cm cu
70 161 356 99 40 80 40 20 chemdict begin SP/bs[[1 1 7842 2790 7842 3095][1 1 7835 2131 7835 2431][1 1 7802 4127 7802 4428][1 1 7981 3962 8282 3962][1 1 7707 3962 7406 3962][1 1 7802 4689 7802 4989][1 1 7819 3459 7819 3759][1 1 7918 4562 8219 4562][1 1 7697 4583 7396 4583][1 1 7998 3262 8298 3262][1 1 7723 3262 7422 3262][1 1 7998 2622 8298 2622][1 1 7723 2622 7422 2622]]d [0 I 7842 3095 DSt [1 I 7835 2431 DSt [2 I 7802 4428 DSt [3 I 8282 3962 DSt [4 I 7406 3Dbgr end
CHO H
CHO H
C H2OH
OHH C
CHO
HHO C
D-xilosa D-lixosa
Monosacáridos Estructura

17. Estructura
Aldosas
Cetosas
Estructura cíclica
Monosacáridos

18. Cetosas
Tres carbonos: Cetotriosa
Dihidroxiacetona
CH2 OH
C O
CH2 OH
Monosacáridos Estructura

19. Cetosas
Cuatro carbonos: Cetotetrosas
D-eritrulosa L-eritrulosa
CH2 OH
C O
C OHH
CH2 OH
CH2 OH
C O
C HHO
CH2 OH
Monosacáridos Estructura

20. Cinco carbonos: Cetopentosas
D-ribulosa D-xilulosa
CH2OH
C O
C OHH
C OHH
CH2OH
CH2OH
C O
C HHO
C OHH
CH2OH
Cetosas
Monosacáridos Estructura

21. Cinco carbonos: Cetohexosas
D-psicosa D-fructosa D-Sorbosa D-tagatosa
CH2OH
C O
C HHO
C OHH
C OHH
CH2OH
CH2OH
C O
C OHH
C OHH
C OHH
CH2OH
CH2OH
C O
C OHH
C HHO
C OHH
CH2OH
CH2OH
C O
C HHO
C HHO
C OHH
CH2OH
D-ribulosa D-xilulosa
Cetosas
Monosacáridos Estructura

22. Estructura
Aldosas
Cetosas
Estructura cíclica
Monosacáridos

23. Estructura cíclica
Aldehido Alcohol Hemiacetal+
R OHC
H O
R´
CH
OH
OR
R´
+
CR´
OH
OR
R´
C
R´ O
R´
Cetona Alcohol Hemicetal+
R OH+
Monosacáridos Estructura

24. D-glucosa α-D-glucopiranosa
CH
C OHH
C HHO
C OHH
CH
CH2OH
O
OH
C
H O
C OHH
C HHO
C OHH
C OHH
CH2OH
β-D-glucopiranosa
CHO
C OHH
C HHO
C OHH
CH
CH2OH
O
H
Anillo de 6 miembros Como el del pirano
piranosas
O
Estructura cíclica
Monosacáridos Estructura

25. Estructura en proyección de
Fischer
O
CH2OH
H OH
HH
OH
OH
H
H
OH
CHO
C OHH
C HHO
C OHH
CH
CH2OH
O
H
Estructura en proyección de
Haworth
Estructura cíclica
Monosacáridos Estructura

26. Estructura en proyección de
Fischer
O
CH2OH
H OH
HH
OH
OH
H
H
OH
Estructura en proyección de
Haworth
CHO
C OHH
C HHO
C OHH
CHOCH2
H
O
H
Una permutación
Inversión en C5
Estructura cíclica
Monosacáridos Estructura

27. Estructura en proyección de
Fischer
Estructura en proyección de
Haworth
Dos permutaciones
Igual configuración
CHO
C OHH
C HHO
C OHH
CHOCH2
H
H
O
O
CH2OH
H OH
HH
OH
OH
H
H
OH
Estructura cíclica
Monosacáridos Estructura

28. Estructura en proyección de
Fischer
Estructura en proyección de
Haworth
Los sustituyentes a la izquierda en Fischer
están hacia arriba en Hawort
CHO
C OHH
C HHO
C OHH
CHOCH2
H
H
O
O
CH2OH
H OH
HH
OH
OH
H
H
OH
Estructura cíclica
Monosacáridos Estructura

29. D-fructosa α-D-fructofuranosaβ-D-fructofuranosa
C
HOCH2
O
C HHO
C OHH
C OHH
CH2OH
CH2OH
CH2OH
H C
H OHC
HO HC
HO C
O
CH2OH
OH
H C
H OHC
HO HC
HOCH2 C
O
Anillo de 5 miembros Como el del furano
furanosas O
Estructura cíclica
Monosacáridos Estructura

30. Conformación silla
O
CH2OH
H OH
HH
OH
OH
H
H
OH
Estructura en proyección de
Haworth
O
HO
HO
HO OH
CH2OH
Estructura cíclica
Monosacáridos Estructura

31. Conformación silla
O
CH2OH
H OH
HH
OH
OH
H
H
OH
Estructura en proyección de
Haworth
O
HO
HO
HO OH
CH2OH
C4
1 o también C1
C4
C1
Estructura cíclica
Monosacáridos Estructura

32. Casi todas las D-piranosas tienen la conformación C4
1
O
HO
HO
HO OH
CH2OH
C4
1 o también C1
C4
C1
O
OH
CH2OH
OH
OH
OH
C1
4 o también 1C
C4
C1
y casi todas las L-piranosas tienen la conformación C1
4
(Reeves - 1950)
Estructura cíclica
Monosacáridos Estructura

33. Oligosacáridos
Estructura
Reacciones y derivados
Aislamiento y análisis

34. Estructura cíclica
Oligosacáridos Estructura
Celobiosa

35. Estructura cíclica
Oligosacáridos Estructura
Sacarosa

36. Estructura cíclica
Oligosacáridos Estructura
Lactosa

37. Estructura cíclica
Oligosacáridos Estructura
Maltosa

38. Polisacáridos
Estructura
Reacciones y derivados
Aislamiento y análisis

39. Estructura cíclica
Polisacáridos Estructura
Amilopectina

40. Estructura cíclica
Polisacáridos Estructura
Amilopectina
Las cadenas laterales se agrupan dentro de la molécula de amilopectina

41. Estructura cíclica
Polisacáridos Estructura
Celulosa

42. Estructura cíclica
Polisacáridos Estructura
Glucógeno