We define an infrastructure restriction as any event in the infrastructure that makes decrease the number of circulations that can pass through a point or section, or impose a speed reduction. These restrictions are caused by works, incidences, speed limits, and it can be temporary or permanent. To carry out efficient management of operations, it is important to anticipate the effects of these restrictions and to know how the trains and other type of circulations are affected. This affectation may by speed reductions or even elimination of its circulation, and it introduces an additional cost in the operation of Railway or Road Companies. Right now calculations to quantify the impact of these restrictions are based on relational databases, or even hierarchical ones, and they use only alphanumeric attributes. They do not take into account the geometry of the lines on which the restriction occurs and is not considered the micro-level topology. In other studies, we have demonstrated the use of INSPIRE and RINF regulations, with RailTopomodel topological models as a means to model a valid topology for the European railway network. This paper describes a method to use the topological basis described above to create train and road routes from scheduled circulations from a spatiotemporal point of view. A temporary component within the coordinate Z has been added to the traditional route with longitude and latitude coordinates (X, Y), to define a TrainRailwayLink feature. This allows us to perform geospatial analysis including time as a variable. As a result, the set of circulations affected by the restrictions and the lost time is computed. This results in an economic cost. Computations are made in real time and can be run in batch mode for further statistical analysis. With this knowledge we can know the most costly restrictions and the Railway or Road Companies, or even the Infrastructure Manager can take them into account to solve those with more prioriy.

1. INSPIRE CONFERENCE 2016
B A R C E L O N A
2 6 t h – 3 0 t h s e p t e m b e r
Applying INSPIRE to quantify a detail cost
of restrictions in road and rail infrastructure
using time-space analysis
José Gómez Castaño 1,2
; Juan José Cabrera García, 3
1
GUAIX – Dpt. Astrofísica y CC de la Atmósfera , Univ. Complutense Madrid jgomez03@pdi.ucm.es
2
CTO INSPIDE jgcasta@inspide.com
3
CEO INSPIDE jjcabrera@inspide.com

2. I N S P I R E C O N F E R E N C E 2 0 1 6
Applying INSPIRE to quantify a detail cost of restrictions in road and rail infrastructure using time-space analysis
Index
Goal
Inroduction
Railways capacity
Problem description
Topology Features
Aplication of INSPIRE Transport Model
3D Space-Time Feature representation
Solution

3. I N S P I R E C O N F E R E N C E 2 0 1 6
Applying INSPIRE to quantify a detail cost of restrictions in road and rail infrastructure using time-space analysis
Goal
Develop a procedure to compute
detailed impact of different events on
railways and road capacity, using
INSPIRE and other interoperable models

4. I N S P I R E C O N F E R E N C E 2 0 1 6
Applying INSPIRE to quantify a detail cost of restrictions in road and rail infrastructure using time-space analysis
Introduction – Spanish railways network

5. I N S P I R E C O N F E R E N C E 2 0 1 6
Applying INSPIRE to quantify a detail cost of restrictions in road and rail infrastructure using time-space analysis
Introduction – Railways capacity definition and Types
‘‘Capacity is a measure of the ability to move
a specific amount of traffic over a defined
rail line with agiven set of resources under a
specific service plan.’
Krueger, H., 1999. Parametric modelling in rail capacity planing. In: Proceedings of the 1999 Winter Simulation
Conference, pp. 1194–2000

6. I N S P I R E C O N F E R E N C E 2 0 1 6
Applying INSPIRE to quantify a detail cost of restrictions in road and rail infrastructure using time-space analysis
Introduction – Railways capacity definition and Types
Definition depends on scope

7. I N S P I R E C O N F E R E N C E 2 0 1 6
Applying INSPIRE to quantify a detail cost of restrictions in road and rail infrastructure using time-space analysis
Introduction – Railways capacity definition and Types
The capacity of any railway infrastructure is:
The total number of possible paths in a defined time
window, considering the actual path mix or known
developments respectively and the IM's own assumptions;
In nodes, individual lines or part of the network;
With market-oriented quality.

8. I N S P I R E C O N F E R E N C E 2 0 1 6
Applying INSPIRE to quantify a detail cost of restrictions in road and rail infrastructure using time-space analysis
Introduction – Railways capacity definition and Types
Theoretical Capacity is the number of trains that could run over a
route, during a specific time interval, mathematically calculated using
an empirical formula. It represents an upper limit for line capacity.
Practical Capacity represents the practical limit of the number of
trains (usually considering the current train mix, priorities, traffic
bunching, etc.) that can be moved on a line in order to guarantee a
reasonable level of reliability. It is a more realistic measure than
theoretical capacity, usually around 60%-75% of the latter.

9. I N S P I R E C O N F E R E N C E 2 0 1 6
Applying INSPIRE to quantify a detail cost of restrictions in road and rail infrastructure using time-space analysis
Introduction – Railways capacity definition and Types
Used Capacity is the actual traffic volume over the network, usually
lower than the practical capacity.
Available Capacity is the difference between the Used Capacity
and the Practical Capacity and provides an useful indication of
additional trains that could be handled by the network.

10. I N S P I R E C O N F E R E N C E 2 0 1 6
Applying INSPIRE to quantify a detail cost of restrictions in road and rail infrastructure using time-space analysis
Introduction – Railways capacity

11. I N S P I R E C O N F E R E N C E 2 0 1 6
Applying INSPIRE to quantify a detail cost of restrictions in road and rail infrastructure using time-space analysis
Introduction – Railways capacity
Factors to take into account in Capacity computing
● Number of vehicles or trains
● Train calification
● Timetables
● Speed restrictions length
● Speed restrictions types
● Speed restriction scheduling

12. I N S P I R E C O N F E R E N C E 2 0 1 6
Applying INSPIRE to quantify a detail cost of restrictions in road and rail infrastructure using time-space analysis
Introduction – Railways capacity
Weather impact
over capacity

13. I N S P I R E C O N F E R E N C E 2 0 1 6
Applying INSPIRE to quantify a detail cost of restrictions in road and rail infrastructure using time-space analysis
Problem
When a speed restriction is applied to the
infraestructure, the schedule of trains is
affected
Actual impact based on alfanumeric attributes and relational
databases
Difficult computing in real time. Complex offline software
No posibility to take advantage of geospatial attributes

14. I N S P I R E C O N F E R E N C E 2 0 1 6
Applying INSPIRE to quantify a detail cost of restrictions in road and rail infrastructure using time-space analysis
Problem

15. I N S P I R E C O N F E R E N C E 2 0 1 6
Applying INSPIRE to quantify a detail cost of restrictions in road and rail infrastructure using time-space analysis
Solution - Used tools
PostGIS
GDAL
Python
QGIS
Leaflet framework
Geoserver
OGC WMTS server

16. I N S P I R E C O N F E R E N C E 2 0 1 6
Applying INSPIRE to quantify a detail cost of restrictions in road and rail infrastructure using time-space analysis
Solution – Trains
Vehicle kinematics
Break

17. I N S P I R E C O N F E R E N C E 2 0 1 6
Applying INSPIRE to quantify a detail cost of restrictions in road and rail infrastructure using time-space analysis
Solution – Tipical vehicle reaction
Increase time due to a speed restriction
Time(min)
Length (km)

18. I N S P I R E C O N F E R E N C E 2 0 1 6
Applying INSPIRE to quantify a detail cost of restrictions in road and rail infrastructure using time-space analysis
Solution – Kinematic vehicle reaction

19. I N S P I R E C O N F E R E N C E 2 0 1 6
Applying INSPIRE to quantify a detail cost of restrictions in road and rail infrastructure using time-space analysis
Solution - Trains
Weigh time
LR 1,0
MD 0,5
Cercanías 0,5
Mercancías 0,25
MEDIA DISTANCIA CERCANIAS
Serie Length Serie Length
S-448 78,530 462 44,800
S-449 89,970 463 65,550
S-470 79,590 464 80,300
S-592 70,214 465 98,500
S-594 74,748 446 75,993
S-598 75,930 447 75,993
S-599 75,980 451 80,580

20. I N S P I R E C O N F E R E N C E 2 0 1 6
Applying INSPIRE to quantify a detail cost of restrictions in road and rail infrastructure using time-space analysis
UIC Topology

21. I N S P I R E C O N F E R E N C E 2 0 1 6
Applying INSPIRE to quantify a detail cost of restrictions in road and rail infrastructure using time-space analysis
INSPIRE

22. I N S P I R E C O N F E R E N C E 2 0 1 6
Applying INSPIRE to quantify a detail cost of restrictions in road and rail infrastructure using time-space analysis
INSPIRE
España INSPIRE
Estación RailwayNode
Estación RailwaySatationNode
Bifurcación RailwayNode
Linea RailwayLine
Area Estación RailwayYardArea
Tramo RailwayLink
Zona Seguridad RailwayArea

23. I N S P I R E C O N F E R E N C E 2 0 1 6
Applying INSPIRE to quantify a detail cost of restrictions in road and rail infrastructure using time-space analysis
Solution - Features
Location Features - RailwayNode
Link Features - RailwayLink
Line Features - RailwayLine
Track Features - TrainRailwayLine

24. I N S P I R E C O N F E R E N C E 2 0 1 6
Applying INSPIRE to quantify a detail cost of restrictions in road and rail infrastructure using time-space analysis
Solution - Features
Location Features - RailwayNode
Link Features - RailwayLink
Line Features - RailwayLine
Path Features - TrainRailwayLine

25. I N S P I R E C O N F E R E N C E 2 0 1 6
Applying INSPIRE to quantify a detail cost of restrictions in road and rail infrastructure using time-space analysis
Solution - Features
3594 TrainRailwayLinks

26. I N S P I R E C O N F E R E N C E 2 0 1 6
Applying INSPIRE to quantify a detail cost of restrictions in road and rail infrastructure using time-space analysis
Solution - Features
3D space-time Train Path projections

27. I N S P I R E C O N F E R E N C E 2 0 1 6
Applying INSPIRE to quantify a detail cost of restrictions in road and rail infrastructure using time-space analysis
Solution - Features
TrainRailwayLine Feature
Z coordinate
store Time from schedule

28. I N S P I R E C O N F E R E N C E 2 0 1 6
Applying INSPIRE to quantify a detail cost of restrictions in road and rail infrastructure using time-space analysis
Solution - Methodology
1. Create RailwayLink features for every,pair of TransportNode
from IGN -> PostGIS
2. Create TrainRailwayLine features for every path from its
schedule -> PostGIS
3. Define a polygon feature with the interest area as IncidGeom.
A speed restriction is defined as a linestring
4. Compute in real time, intersection between TrainRailwayLinks
with that IncidGeom
As a result, a set of TrainRailwayLinks is obtained,
every one with its train information

29. I N S P I R E C O N F E R E N C E 2 0 1 6
Applying INSPIRE to quantify a detail cost of restrictions in road and rail infrastructure using time-space analysis
Conclusion - Results
Incident between Villarrubia de Córdoba and El Higerón
Blue RailwayLink – Red incidence feature

30. I N S P I R E C O N F E R E N C E 2 0 1 6
Applying INSPIRE to quantify a detail cost of restrictions in road and rail infrastructure using time-space analysis
Conclusion - Results
Incident between Villarrubia de Córdoba and El Higerón
Blue RailwayLink – Red incidence feature

31. I N S P I R E C O N F E R E N C E 2 0 1 6
Applying INSPIRE to quantify a detail cost of restrictions in road and rail infrastructure using time-space analysis
Conclusion - Results
92 affected trains
Incident zone

32. I N S P I R E C O N F E R E N C E 2 0 1 6
Applying INSPIRE to quantify a detail cost of restrictions in road and rail infrastructure using time-space analysis
Conclusion - Results
Affected trains
Not affected trains
92 affected trains

33. I N S P I R E C O N F E R E N C E 2 0 1 6
Applying INSPIRE to quantify a detail cost of restrictions in road and rail infrastructure using time-space analysis
Conclusion - Results

34. I N S P I R E C O N F E R E N C E 2 0 1 6
Applying INSPIRE to quantify a detail cost of restrictions in road and rail infrastructure using time-space analysis
Conclusion
Loss time is the difference between real time and
schedule one.
In expresion (ri) is infraestructure restriction,
and (T) time needed to pass trhough. Total cost
for every RI is computed as a sum of them

35. I N S P I R E C O N F E R E N C E 2 0 1 6
Applying INSPIRE to quantify a detail cost of restrictions in road and rail infrastructure using time-space analysis
Conclusion - Benefits
More accurate results
Compute in teal time
Take into account restrictions from real geometry
Geometry level accuracy instead of section of line
Detailed cost of every restriction for each train
Allows make a decision on infraestructure in a more
accurate way
Better security
Interoperable data with European Railways Agency and UIC

36. I N S P I R E C O N F E R E N C E 2 0 1 6
Applying INSPIRE to quantify a detail cost of restrictions in road and rail infrastructure using time-space analysis
José Gómez Castaño 1,2
; Juan José Cabrera García, 3
1
GUAIX – Dpt. Astrofísica y CC de la Atmósfera , Univ. Complutense Madrid jgomez03@pdi.ucm.es
2
CTO INSPIDE jgcasta@inspide.com
3
CEO INSPIDE jjcabrera@inspide.com
Thank you
Applying INSPIRE to quantify a detail cost
of restrictions in road and rail infrastructure
using time-space analysis