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Real Time Location Systems in Healthcare
1. Real Time
Location Systems
in Healthcare
Gayatri Rathod
Biomedical and Health Informatics MPS Candidate
November 30, 2016
2. Outline
• RTLS Background
• How RTLS Works
• Levels of RTLS
• Current RTLS Applications and Data Analytics
• State of Regulations and Patient Protection
3. RTLS is the real-time tracking of people or assets: the
new “smart hospital”
Secure Care
Monitoring patients
Tracking and managing equipment
Improving patient flow
Monitoring workflow processes
Managing medical inventory
5. Various RTLS solutions can report tag location at
different resolutions
• Presence-based locating: location within a given area
• Room level: tag location as present in a specific room
• Sub-room level: RTLS locates tag to a specific part of the room
• Choke points: tag location is returned by a specific choke point
(an entry or exit point)
• By associating: tag location is returned as proximity with respect
to another tag
• Locating precisely: the exact tag location is pinpointed precisely
on a map of the world and/or a detailed indoor map/in a given
building
6. RTLS analytics can be used to optimize operational
workflows
• Factors can negatively impact fiscal performance and patient
satisfaction
o Delays in case start times, turnover rates and inefficient
supply chain
• Use location and interaction of patients and providers
involved in a procedure
• Eliminate obstacles and automatically contact providers at the
right time to reduce delays and wait times.
• Identify Roadblocks to care progression are also automatically
identified
7. RTLS regulations are in progress by the FDA and FTC
• Assessed benefits and advantages
• Conducted surveys and made policy recommendations
o HIPAA privacy and security rules should be examined to
assess whether they meet new challenges
• State-based regulations on GPS and cell-phone tracking vary
• Potential Risks
o Surveillance and safety versus privacy
o Cybersecurity issues
o Lack of pre-existing data
8. References
[1] Kamel Boulos, Maged N, and Geoff Berry. “Real-Time Locating
Systems (RTLS) in Healthcare: A Condensed Primer.”
International Journal of Health Geographics 11 (2012): 25. PMC.
Web. 30 Nov. 2016.
[2] "AwarepointBlog." RTLS Leverages Data and Analytics to
Enhance Efficiency and Drive Financial Returns | SaaS for
Healthcare. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Nov. 2016.
[3] FTC. Transatlantic Symposium on the Societal Benefits of RFID
(n.d.): n. pag. 22 Sept. 2008. Web. 30 Nov. 2016.
[4] FDA. MedSun Newsletter #66, November 2011. Radio
Frequency Identification (RFID) and Real Time Locating Systems
(RTLS): MedSun Small Sample Survey Summary. Nov. 2011
Editor's Notes
Specialized location sensors receive wireless signals from small ID badges or tags attached to objects of interest and/or persons, to determine where the tagged entities are located within a building or some other confined indoor or outdoor space
Each tag transmits its own unique ID. The tag ID is logged against the asset or person to which/whom it is attached.
The tags periodically transmit their ID, and depending on the technology chosen, the system locates the tags (and therefore the tagged entities) within a few rooms on one of several floors or to a specific room or part of a room on a specific floor.
When staff members require portable assets, they log onto the system at a workstation (or using a mobile device), identify where the closest available item is located, and go and get it.
Location engine software communicates with tags and location sensors to determine the location of tagged entities
The location engine relays this information to specialized middleware and applications.
The middleware in an RTLS acts as the “plumbing” between the core RTLS components (tags, location sensors and location engine software) and a range of software applications capable of displaying and exploiting the real-time location and status information of tracked entities
General area (floor/hospital)
Multiple patients in a room
Moving between rooms, and direction
Tags between IVF pumps
Alerting housekeeping about a vacant OR suite is just one of the many actions RTLS can initiate based on its sophisticated analytics engine. For example, the technology can auto-assign an ED nurse to a patient if the clinician spends more than 120 seconds in a room, and then send a message to the ED system.
