Man7057 Proposal Feedback Form Student Name Sanaullah Student No 18150003 Title MSc Management and International Business MAN7057-A-S2-2019/0 Assessing the leadership styles of non-Profit organization & its impacts on overall business operations Supervisor’s Name Vanessa Clarke Section Feedback Mark Title, Background and Problem statement (10%). A clear and critical understanding of your chosen topic. The topic must be both worthwhile and relevant as reflected by: a working title; an explanation of the background; a problem statement which focuses the background onto the research topic, providing the rationale for the research aim There are some good, yet broad and basic, ideas here. There is plenty of refining to be done to make it clear and focused. The problem statement could be worded as a question, for example, what are the critical success factors in effective leaders within non-profit organisations? You could then include the specifics within the research objectives. It has to be SMART, otherwise is it too broad and you won’t be able to measure the extent to which you have achieved the outcomes at the end of the project. 5 Aim, Objectivesand Research Question (10%): · Aims – usually one main aim, consistent with the title · Objectives – usually 3 to 7 more specific that aims, and refine the aim(s) into smaller parts · One or more clear research questions, consistent with the aim and title The overall aim should have been repeated here. Objectives need to be made explicitly clear and the research questions need to be better formulated. As stated above, one clear overall question would help you focus. 5 Outline Literature Review(25%): A short review of literature relevant to your topic. The review must reflect: · Provide proof of scholarship · Reflect your basic understanding of your topic · Reflect your intellectual ability to construct critical arguments based on your reading of the relevant literature. Some limited and basic, yet mostly relevant, literature is cited with some appropriate reference sources. Definitions list is weak and needs strengthening. Please note that, in order to achieve higher marks, you need considerably more references than those listed here. Some links made between the elements chosen as the research topic. There is confusion due to the lack of clarity and broad focus. Narrowing it down will help you significantly. 11 Outline Methodology (20%): A well-reasoned methodological approach in terms of: · The scope of the research · The choice of a research strategy · A basic understanding of methods and techniques to collect primary data (if appropriate) If a survey is to be used this should include how you intend to select your sample and distribute questionnaires. · What tools and techniques are proposed to be used to analyse the data. You need to make it clear how you intend to collect the data as it is currently unclear. If this is a secondary-only piece of research, will you be do.

1. Man7057 Proposal Feedback Form
Student Name
Sanaullah
Student No
18150003
Title
MSc Management and International Business MAN7057-A-
S2-2019/0
Assessing the leadership styles of non-Profit organization & its
impacts on overall business operations
Supervisor’s Name
Vanessa Clarke
Section
Feedback
Mark
Title, Background and Problem statement (10%). A clear and
critical understanding of your chosen topic. The topic must be
both worthwhile and relevant as reflected by: a working title; an
explanation of the background; a problem statement which
focuses the background onto the research topic, providing the
rationale for the research aim
There are some good, yet broad and basic, ideas here. There is
plenty of refining to be done to make it clear and focused.
The problem statement could be worded as a question, for
example, what are the critical success factors in effective
leaders within non-profit organisations? You could then include
the specifics within the research objectives. It has to be
SMART, otherwise is it too broad and you won’t be able to
measure the extent to which you have achieved the outcomes at
the end of the project.

2. 5
Aim, Objectivesand Research Question (10%):
· Aims – usually one main aim, consistent with the title
· Objectives – usually 3 to 7 more specific that aims, and refine
the aim(s) into smaller parts
· One or more clear research questions, consistent with the aim
and title
The overall aim should have been repeated here.
Objectives need to be made explicitly clear and the research
questions need to be better formulated. As stated above, one
clear overall question would help you focus.
5
Outline Literature Review(25%): A short review of literature
relevant to your topic. The review must reflect:
· Provide proof of scholarship
· Reflect your basic understanding of your topic
· Reflect your intellectual ability to construct critical arguments
based on your reading of the relevant literature.
Some limited and basic, yet mostly relevant, literature is cited
with some appropriate reference sources. Definitions list is
weak and needs strengthening. Please note that, in order to
achieve higher marks, you need considerably more references
than those listed here. Some links made between the elements
chosen as the research topic. There is confusion due to the lack
of clarity and broad focus. Narrowing it down will help you
significantly.
11
Outline Methodology (20%): A well-reasoned methodological
approach in terms of:
· The scope of the research

3. · The choice of a research strategy
· A basic understanding of methods and techniques to collect
primary data (if appropriate)
If a survey is to be used this should include how you intend to
select your sample and distribute questionnaires.
· What tools and techniques are proposed to be used to analyse
the data.
You need to make it clear how you intend to collect the data as
it is currently unclear.
If this is a secondary-only piece of research, will you be doing
thematic or systematic literature review or something else?
Needs considerably more work for focus. Lack of research
methods knowledge is demonstrated.
7
Project Plan (10%). An appreciation of your research’s
feasibility within the time available to you. A Project Plan
using a GANTT chart or similar graphical device showing
activities to be undertaken at specific times. A short-written
narrative should also be provided.
Note: This should not simply be copied and pasted from the
sample GANTT chart provided.
No plan or GANTT chart has been included. A project overview
with timelines and contingency plans would add value.
0
Completed ethics request form (20%) (not included in the
wordcount)
The ethics form will be marked according to the following
descriptors:

4. Mark
Descriptor
0-7
The ethics form is not completed with appropriate responses to
each question and cannot be signed by the supervisor.
8-11
The ethics form is completed with appropriate responses to each
question. However, the proposed research is not viable and the
supervisor is unwilling to sign the form. There is little evidence
of scholarship or understanding of research methods in the
answers provided.
12-16
The ethics form is completed with appropriate responses to each
question. The proposed research is viable and the supervisor is
willing to sign the form. There is some evidence of scholarship
and understanding of research methods in the answers provided.
17-20
The ethics form is completed with appropriate responses to each
question. The proposed research is viable and the supervisor is
willing to sign the form. There is strong evidence of scholarship
and understanding of research methods in the answers provided.
Appropriate basic scholarship is evident in writing style and
referencing, with some minor errors, however, the collection of
data needs to be made clearer.
The process is vague in parts, particularly in the methodology,
and you need to make it clear what the step by step process is
for what you intend to do and achieve.
10
Structure, grammar, academic writing style, referencing and
presentation (5%)
2

5. Turnitin similarity %
15% with one 3% match to student paper with the remainder 2%
or less.
Comments on Originality and referencing (If necessary)
No issues
Tick relevant box
Decision
No Action required
x
Reduce grade by 5%
Reduce grade by 10%
Consult module leader
Provisional uncapped mark (out of 100)
Marks will be capped if this was a late submission or resit
assessment and may be moderated up or down by the
examination board.
Mark
Original uncapped grade 40 (Fail)
Submitted 17 days late so zero grade is applied.
Signature Vanessa Clarke
Date
15/6/2020

6. 4
Business School Research Ethics Application Form
Please fill ALL sections of the form unless it specifies to skip a
section.
Email completed forms (including any attachments – see
checklist) to the Module Moodle by [INSERT DATE]
Project Title
Click here to enter text.
Module
Module Code
Academic YearClick here to enter a date.
Student
Supervisor
This section focuses on gaining an overall understanding of
what is being examined within the research project. There
should be sufficiently detailed so that a layperson can
understand what is being assessed and how.Section A: Nature of
Project
A1 - Please provide a brief background and rationale to the
research:
(This should be no more than 300 words and written for non-

7. subject experts)
A2 - Please concisely state the research aim(s) and objective(s):
(This should be no more than 150 words and written for non-
subject experts)
A3 - Please provide an overview of the methodological
approach and materials used in this project:
(This should be written for non-subject experts)
A4 - Will the project entail ONLY secondary data collection
using publically available sources? Choose an item.
(If you have answered “Yes” to A4 you do not need to complete
sections B-D, please go direct to section E)
Please consider the following:Section B: Handling Primary Data
Does data collection require:
a) Either researchers or participants to enter private locations
(to which neither individual has full access rights)
b) Access to the home(s) of either researchers or participants
c) Private locations with no neutral third party present
d) Entry to public locations after the hours of 6.00pm?Choose
an item.
Are there any issues of confidentiality NOT addressed by the
following?
a) Aggregation of numerical data
b) Anonymisation of specific individuals or organisations (e.g.
through use of pseudonyms)
c) Paraphrasing of potentially identifiable quotes
Choose an item.
Are there any issues of data handling which are not dealt with

8. by the following established procedures?
a) Compliance with the Data Protection Act
b) BCU University storage policy
Choose an item.
This section focuses on gaining an understanding of how you
will identify and recruit participants and whether what you are
wishing to conduct is ethically sound. Please explain who you
will recruit, why, how will you ensure their safety i.e.
anonymity and any further ethical risks associated.Section C:
Participant Information
C1 - How will potential participants be identified, approached
and recruited?
Click here to enter text.
C2- How will participants give informed consent freely?
(Please provide the consent form and participant information
sheet with this ethics application)
Click here to enter text.
C3 - Will participants be informed of their right to withdraw
their participation and/or data at any time during and after the
study? Provide details of how you will achieve this:
Click here to enter text.
This section requires you to detail: a) How you plan to collect
your data and, b) How will securely store it. You are required to
inform the committee how you aim to minimise environmental
risks when collecting data, in addition to discussing the steps
that you will take to protect the data that will be

9. collected.Section D: Data collection, storage and dissemination
D1 –Please provide details regarding the proposed site(s) for
data collection
(e.g. location(s) and timing of data collection, with reference to
potential risks to participants and researchers posed by this)
Click here to enter text.
D2 - How will you ensure confidentiality (or anonymisation, if
possible) in collecting, interpreting and storing data?
Click here to enter text.
D3- Where will data be stored and how will access be managed
and controlled?
Click here to enter text.
Appendices checklist (Not Necessary for Secondary Data
Analysis)Section E: Checklist and declarations
Participant information sheetChoose an item.
Participant consent formChoose an item.
Research materials (e.g. Copies of questionnaires, interviews,
vignettes and other research tools)Choose an item.
Student declaration
In signing this research ethics application form I confirm the
following:
· That the form is accurate and completed to the best of my
knowledge.
· If the research is approved then I will adhere to the terms of
the full application and if there are to be any changes to the

10. project I will seek an amendment from the committee.
· I understand that research records/data may be subject to
inspection for audit and compliance purposes.
· I understand this application and any additional documentation
will be retained for 5 years post the end of the project.
· I understand that my research must not involve: participation
of those under 18 years of age; participation of those with
learning disability; participation of those with a mental health
condition; participation of those with physical or sensory
impairments; participation of those with sensitive/significant
life experiences (e.g. victims of abuse / ex-offenders); data
collection surrounding highly sensitive topics (e.g. abuse,
terrorism, religion, interpersonal violence, terminal illness);
data collection from those in prison; constraint of participant
rights (e.g. informed consent via deception, or perceptions of
the right to withdraw from the study); any physical or intrusive
intervention with the participant (including consumption of food
or drinks); withholding any aspects of routine health treatment
or care; a reasonable risk of disclosure of information requiring
communication to another organisation (e.g. abuse, criminal
offences/illegal activity, unknown illness or disease); long
distance travel to collect data; NHS service users.
Signed by
Click here to enter text.
DateClick here to enter a date.
Supervisor declaration
In signing this research ethics application form I confirm the
following:
· I am satisfied that the scientific content of the research is
satisfactory for an educational qualification at this level.
· I take responsibility for working with the student named above
to ensure that this study is conducted in accordance with the
relevant disciplinary ethical guidelines.
· I will ensure that the student seeks an amendment from the

11. BLSS Research Ethics Committee before implementing
substantial amendments to the protocol or to the terms of the
full application of which the Committee has given a favourable
opinion.
Signed by
Click here to enter text.
DateClick here to enter a date.
ADMINISTRATION SECTION
Application Reference:Click here to enter text.
Date of Submission: Click here to enter text.
Allocated Category: Click here to enter text.
Allocated Reviewers:Click here to enter text.
1
Business School UG Research Ethics Application Form
PROPOSAL ON PROJECT TOPIC: PROVISION FOR BAD
DEBT; A STRATEGY OF ENHANCING BUSINESS GROWTH
IN SMES IN EDO STATE, NIGERIA
Background of the study
A bad debt is an amount recorded by an organization as a loss
and recognized as an expense, since the bad debt to the
organization cannot be obtained and all the efforts required to
recover the debt are unrecoverable, probably remains
uncollectible and is written off. Bad debts appear as an expense
in the company's income statement, which reduces net income.
In general, companies estimate the bad debts that could be
incurred in the current period based on past earnings estimation
processes, and most companies account for them because not all
their accounts receivable will likely do so. United States federal
law defines "debt" as an obligation for the consumer to pay
money resulting from a transaction in which money, goods,
insurance or services have changed hands. The Cambridge
International Dictionary defines a "guilt" as an extra amount of

12. money someone owes.
How long does it take for debtors (borrowing clients) to pay
their debts? Understanding the payment behavior of potential
customers is essential for evaluating credit management in any
organization, as insufficient credit controls can lead to
significant financial planning issues (Atradius 2012).
According to Atradius (2011), late payments and payment
defaults are still of great importance worldwide. The study also
revealed that 305 of the debts are paid too late, while 3% go
wrong, the main reason being that the buyers do not have
sufficient funds to pay.
Credit problems are usually identified at the end of the credit
channel (Katoh 2004). Before a loan becomes bad, it must be
granted. In addition, the poor quality of a loan is sometimes due
to factors other than the credit process, such as negative
selection and moral hazard (Satiglitz and Weiss, 1981), or any
external shock that may change the nature of the loan.
(borrower's ability to borrow. repay (Minsky 1985).
According to Gitman (1992), several aspects suggest sound
management of bad debt. These include credit standards, credit
terms and collection procedures.
On the first hand, SMEs advocates argue that SMEs enhance
competition and entrepreneurship and hence have external
benefits on economy-wide efficiency, innovation, and aggregate
productivity growth. Hence, direct government support of SMEs
will help countries exploit the social benefits from greater
competition and entrepreneurship. The second fact provided by
the SMEs proponents was that SMEs are generally more
productive than large firms, but financial market and other
institutional failures impede their development.
Thus, pending financial and institutional improvements, direct
government financial support to SMEs can boost economic
growth and development (Beck, Demirgue-Kunt, L. and Levine,
2003; Kumar et al., 2006; and Collier, 2009). Lastly, they
argued that SME expansion boosts employment more than large
firm growth because SMEs are more labour intensive.

13. A recent survey of Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development (OECD) countries showed that: “SMEs account
for a large share of the private sector economy representing
between 96 and 99 per cent of the total number of enterprises in
these economies. Micro-enterprises (0-9 employees) account for
between 70 per cent and 90 per cent while small firms (0 to 49
employees) constitute at least 95 per cent of the total. Only 0.5
per cent of enterprises in the manufacturing sector employ more
than 500 in OECD countries”. Empirical supports for this line
of thought are prominent in past literatures such as Haltiwanger
et al. (2010); Aremu and Adeyemi (2011); Ardic, Mylenko and
Saltane (2011); Ayyagari, Demirguc-Kunt and Maksimovic,
2011); and de Kok et al. (2011) etc.
Moreover, flexibility on terms and conditions that many SMEs
require may not be available. In particular, SMEs face
considerable difficulty with sourcing start-up finance.
Problem statement
The issue of borrowers has become a subject of concern in the
global financial circuit. Financial experts are still exploring
different ways to solve this problem. Over the years, we have
been discussing the method that worked best. Experts agree that
no method stands out, the choice is independent of other factors
such as economic stability and the effectiveness and reliability
of the national database. The SMEs has also developed various
ways to remedy this anomaly. Credit facilities are therefore the
main commercial asset and the main source of revenue for most
SMEs. However, some loans, especially purchases, are bad and
have a negative impact on the profitability and overall
performance of the institutions. In Nigeria, most medium-sized
companies face the challenge of canceling bad debts, which
requires effective default management strategies.
Purpose of the study
The broad objective of the study is to examine how the
Provision for Bad Debts is a useful strategy for Enhancing

14. Business Growth in SMEs Specific objectives are;
1. To identify the causes of bad debt.
2. To assess the impact of bad debt on the performance of SME.
3. To recommend suitable strategies on how to minimize the
debt in SME.
Significance of the study
The study aims to help the SME take a comprehensive approach
to bad debt. The study will also be of interest to public
universities, higher education institutions, research institutes
and individual researchers interested in SME growth and
development and will use the results for further research. This
study will encourage researchers to identify the effectiveness
and efficiency of the SME. The research will help individual
public companies understand their position relative to the
standard of their bad debt.
Study hypothesis
HO1: Provision for Bad Debts is a not a significant strategy for
Enhancing Business Growth
Scope and Limitations of the Study
The study scope is limited to investigating the Provision for
Bad Debts is a useful strategy for Enhancing Business Growth
in SMEs in Edo state. Limitation faced by the research was
limited time and financial constraint.
DEFINITION OF BASIC TERMINOLOGIES
Bad Debt
A bad debt can be understood as a loan which the creditor finds
difficult or impossible to recover.
Bad Debt Estimation
The methods used in estimating doubtful accounts also differ
depending on the nature of the company or business.

15. REFERENCES
Musinguzi, P, Bategeka, L, Katarikawe, M, (1994): “The
Effectiveness of Monetary and Financial instruments in Ghana’s
reform effort,” Unpublished paper presented the institute of
bankers seminar.
Micheal P. Todaro (1992): Economics for a developing World
an introduction to Principles Problems and Policies.
Thordsen S. and Nathan S (1999); Micro lending: A budding
industry.
Adjei, K .J.(2010), Microfinance & Poverty Reduction: The
Experience of Ghana.
Alton R.G and Hazen J.H (2001), As Economy Flounders, Do
we see A Rise in Problem Loans? Federal Reserve Bank of St
Louis.
Bloem, M. A and Gorter N.C, (2001), Treatment of Non-
performing Loans in Macroeconomic statistics, IMF Working

16. Paper, WP/01/209
Caprio, G Jr and Klinggebiel D, (1996): Bank Insolvency-Bad
Luck, Bad Policy or Bad Banking, Annual World Bank
Conference on Development Economics.
Daniel Allotey, (2008), Developing Paths to Self-sufficiency.
Gerald Pollio& James Obuobi (2010), Loan Default Rate in
Ghana: Evidence from Individual Liability credit contract
ASSESSING THE LEADERSHIP STYLES OF NON-PROFIT
ORGANIZATIONS
& it’s impacts on overall business operations
RESEARCH AIM: Leadership has always been a significant
aspect of an organization as it has a drastic impact on the
overall business process. Many researchers have focused on
identifying the best leadership style for MNC’s and SME’s;
however, few have focused on Non-profit organization.
Therefore, the main purpose of the research is to assess the
most effective leadership styles that should be practiced by non-
profit organization and how it impacts the overall business
operations.