Why Is Familial Searching Wrong

Why Is Familial Searching Wrong
Familial searching is a violation of privacy. Just as how the famous stop–and–frisk was deemed
unconstitutional this should be also. From knowing how some law enforcement officers have been
corrupt in the past it is hard to believe that with such power of having access to others DNA they are
not going to be as corrupt and convict people for crimes they didn't do, most specifically being
people of color. Just as how the stop–and–frisk targeted people of color this too will be just the
same. This will cause police officers to have an even worst reputation that they do today, and it will
cause distrust and rebel in communities. Just because a family member is a criminal does not mean
that the entire family needs to be dragged into that mess,
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Familial Genetic Testing
Familial adenomatous polyposis detection and effects of early predictive genetic testing Familial
adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an autosomal dominant disease caused by mutation in the
adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) suppressor gene on the long arm of chromosome 5 (Kennedy,
Potter, Moir, & El–Youssef, 2014). Patients diagnosed with FAP had more than a hundred
adenomatous polyps in their large intestine. FAP is dominantly inherited and is close to 100%
penetrant (Hegde, Ferber, Mao, Samowitz, & Ganguly, 2014). Therefore, it is essential to have
knowledge of the disease in advance in order to have sufficient medical preparation and family
planning before the onset of the disease. Genetic screening blood test is used to diagnose familial
adenomatous ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For familial adenomatous polyposis, predictive genetic testing is generally offered to child 10 years
old or older who had a family history of familial adenomatous polyposis; however, some people
might opt to have the test at an even younger age. Caga–anan et al. stated that children with FAP can
benefit from medical screening and preventive measures through predictive genetic testing (2012).
Early detection of an APC mutation would change medical management of children. There had been
reported cases where children develop polyps before the age of 10 (Jerkic et al., 2005). Crawford
and Lucassen (2009) reported a case when a child was tested for a familial APC mutation at the age
of 9 months. In this case, the main motivation for testing at the very young age was to enable better
family planning. Depending on the carrier status in the first child the couple would make
reproductive choices about further children, motivated by the feeling to have a duty to stop the
predisposition from being transmitted to future generations. Kattentidt–Mouravieva et al. (2014)
evaluated 13 children who were tested for FAP at the age younger than 10 years; 7 were mutation–
carriers and 6 were non–carriers. Parents of these children were re–contacted and open–ended semi–
structured interviewed. None of the contacted parents regretted

Essay On Familial Hypomagnesaemia
Familial hypomagnesaemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis (FHHNC) is a disease of renal
tubular disorder. The symptoms of FHHNC generally present in children or before adolescence.
Mutations of CLDN16 or CLDN19 is the main reason of this infrequent disease. Claudin–16 is
encoded by CLDN–16 and CLDN19 encode the claudin–19. (1) Michelis et al. was the first person
to find this disease, he reported that the feathers are excessive magnesium and calcium losses with
urinary, bilateral nephrocalcinosis and progressive chronic renal failure. (11) In this essay, I will
discuss the role of tight junction proteins in familial hypomagnesaemia with hypercalciuria and
nephrocalcinosis (FHHNC).
Magnesium is the fourth most cation in the body, its ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Felix Claverie–Martin, 2015, Familial hypomagnesaemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis:
clinical and molecular characteristics, Clinical Kidney Journal.
2. R Swaminathan, 2003, Magnesium Metabolism and its Disorders, The Clinical Biochemist
Reviews
3. Rodríguez–Soriano J, Vallo A, García–Fuentes M. 1987. Hypomagnesaemia of hereditary renal
origin. Pediatr Nephrol.
4. Andrea Hartsock and W.James Nelson, 2008, Adherens and Tight junctions: Structure, Function
and Connections to the Actin Cytoskeleton, Biochim Biophys Acta.
5. Kiuchi–Saishin Y, Gotoh S, Furuse M, Takasuga A, Tano Y, Tsukita S. Differential expression
patterns of claudins, tight junction membrane proteins, in mouse nephron segments.
6. Konrad M, Schaller A, Seelow D, et al. Mutations in the Tight–Junction Gene Claudin 19
(CLDN19) Are Associated with Renal Magnesium Wasting, Renal Failure, and Severe Ocular
Involvement. American Journal of Human Genetics. 2006;79(5):949–957.
7. Hou J, Paul DL, Goodenough DA. 2005Paracellin–1 and the modulation of ion selectivity of tight
junctions. J Cell Sci.
8. Hou J, Renigunta A, Konrad M, et al. 2008. Claudin–16 and claudin–19 interact and form a
cation–selective tight junction complex. J Clin

Familial Risk Essay
Familial Risk Factors Favoring Drug Addiction Onset
I. Introduction
Families are composed of individuals who have constant and dynamic relationships with each other
and that they form a machine. An addict influences this machine and every member of the family
affects the addict in a single manner or any other.
The thing, Familial chance factors Favouring addiction Onset, explains a study that indicates how
own family plays a large role in the addiction cycle. This look at sought to become aware of familial
danger factors that affect the onset of drug addiction. Research changed into carried out throughout
2008 and 2009. This turned into a reasonably huge take a look at with 146 addicts and 134 manage
subjects. The effects confirmed that the addicts have been born into families that encouraged their
psychosocial improvement to want pills or alcohol for the duration of adolescence or formative
years. Certain chance elements were encountered more with the aid of those who are addicts
compared to the control institution. Amongst those elements, those who have been found to have the
finest impact and effect on addiction are early separation from the mother and father, unfavourable
perception of the father ﬁgure or his absence from the family, and conﬂicting, bloodless and remote
family members with the dad and mom. this text defines the own family as a middle network this is
in most cases accountable for the upbringing of its offspring, expected to expose non–stop take care
of

Familial Mediterranean Fever
Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is an autosomal recessive disorder, characterized by recurrent
and self–limited episodes of fever, abdominal pain, synovitis and pleuritis, lasting 1–3 days (Shohat
and Halpern, 2011). Most of the patients are men and the mean age is 10; in about 65% of the cases
experience their first symptoms before the age of 10 years old and 90%, before reaching the age of
20 years (Onen, 2006). Amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis remains as the main long–term complication
with a severe manifestation and poor prognosis. Amyloidosis of the AA type commonly occurs
among untreated patients with more than 15 years old, even among those who do not have a history
of recurrent inflammatory attacks (Shohat and Halpern, 2011). Colchicinetherapy, ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The mutated gene in patients with FMF is the MEditerranean Fever (MEFV), has been mapped on
chromosome 16p13.3, consists 10 exons and encodes 781 amino acids that encodes pyrin, a
regulatory protein of inflammasome. Muta¬tions in MEFV are associated with excess inflammation
through increased IL 1β production (Yang et al., 2014). Since the cloning of the MEFV gene, about
304 sequence variants have been reported that 167 of these variations have been associated with
FMF (online at http://fmf.igh.cnrs.fr/ISSAID/infevers). According to studies, four founding
mutations, M694V, V726A, M680I, M694I on exon 10 and the E148Q on exon 2 are the most
common mutations and comprise 85% of all mutations in the countries where FMF is prevalent
(Simon and van der Meer, 2007). Iranian population define by various ethnic groups: Persian, Azeri
Turks, Arabs, Kurdish. Almost all the previous studies in Iran accomplished among the Azeri
population. In the present study 390 unrelated FMF patients from different ethnicity were selected to
analyze the mutations of the MEFV gene over a period of 4

Two Types Of Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Two Types of Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Heterozygous FH: individuals have inherited one
genetic mutation from one parent. Homozygous FH: individuals have inherited two genetic
mutations, one from each parent. These can be the same mutation or two different mutations. How
the mutation leads to the disease traits Goldstein also studied that the level of LDL in the blood is
inversely related to the LDLR activity. The LDL binds to the receptor via its principal surface
protein called apolipoprotein B–100. The receptor, with it's acquired LDL, then enters the call. This
process is called Receptor–Mediated Endocytosis. When the number of functioning receptors is
diminished because of a receptor mutation, LDL with its load of cholesterol ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Available treatments and preventative measures Familial Hypercholesterolemia is an autosomal
dominant genetic disease and so is not preventable. However, the sequelae of FH, such as heart
attack and stroke, are preventable when the diagnosis is made early in life. Bouhairie (2015)
investigated that lifestyle changes, such as adopting a low saturated fat and zero trans fat diets, and
exercising regularly are important. In addition, the risk factors for heart attack and strokes, such as
high blood pressure and diabetes, should be treated, and smoking must be avoided. These findings
add to my idea that a healthier diet ultimately regulates the bodily functions, and how we are able to
maintain our daily lives because of it. Medications are also required for FH treatment. It is
recommended that patients start treatment at an earlier age because Familial Hypercholesterolemia
can lead towards a decrease in cardiovascular activities and even death in those diagnosed with the
disease. Heterozygous FH patients are treated with statin medications that inhibit an enzyme
responsible for the production of cholesterol. Statins are usually given to a patient in a combination
with one or more other drugs. For example, ezetimibe, bile acid binding resins, and niacin are
potential drugs that would be combined. Bouhairie claims this treatment works very well in

Familial Forensic Science Debate
Lexi Bissell
Clovis Community College
Familial Forensic Science, an Ongoing Debate
Professor Dias Familial Forensic Science is a rising star in the world of forensics and crime solving.
Since its discovery, it has helped solve many crimes and helped many people's mourning processes
by bringing justice for their loved ones. Through the highs and lows, this new path of investigation
joins old evidence with modern technology to make the world a better place.
Familial Forensic Science (FFS) science is the use of the DNA database to find similar matches to
an unknown DNA sample that has been found at a crime scene, but does not yet have a history in the
nationwide database. Anyone that has not ever committed a crime or has not been caught ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although it is not yet used on a national or procedural level, meaning that it is not mandatory to use
in a case, it is still recognized by the government in the FBI. It is being made procedural in every
state as of now. There are only ten states that do not use FFS as a mandatory procedure. California,
being one of those states, used FFS to solve the murder of Angela Kleinsorge. This eighty–four–
year–old woman was raped and murdered in 1992, before FFS was discovered. The man who
murdered her was never identified, until 2016. The case was submitted to a forensic lab and two
brothers were identified. One of which was killed in an accident, so DNA samples were collected
from the remaining brother and family. The man was identified and sentenced, the family was put at
ease knowing their loved one's killer would not be able to do this to anyone else (Dumanis, 2017).
This case goes to show that cases that have been closed for many years, twenty–five in this case, can
still be

Familial Polyposis
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a genetic disease that can be inherited. If a person has
FAP, they are likely to get colorectal cancer. If FAP is not treated, there is about a 100% chance you
will receive colorectal cancer. FAP produces growths with mucus on the inside walls of the colon
and rectum. The growths are called polyps. You can get between 100 and 1000 polyps in just 10
years. The genetic test that they run for FAP is a blood screening test for the adenomatous polyposis
coli (APC) gene. The blood test is for checking for a mutation in the APC gene. If the results are
positive, closely related family members should be tested too. You should also be tested if colon
cancer is hereditary, or if you have a history of more than ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
I would say if the person getting tested is over 18, they should be able to know what the test is about
and the results. If they are 18, they should be mature enough to understand that the genetic test is not
100% accurate, but they need to be wary about your future.
If the child the parents are getting tested is adopted, the rules should differ. When a child goes up for
adoption, they should automatically get a genetic test for mutations in genes because they might not
know the child's family history. If the place of adoption does not test the child, it should be a
requirement to whoever adopts the kid to get it genetically tested before the parents can take the
child home.
This is just my opinion on what I would do about the issues relating genetic testing with the
American Society of Human Genetics. If you have an immediate family member with a genetic
disease or condition, you should have a blood screening test ran to possibly save you from getting
the same

Behind Familial Lines Essay
Exegesis
When I started writing 'Behind Familial Lines' I was swept up a writers trance where I felt like I just
could not stop. My mind was stopping, starting, changing, and cropping all sorts of ideas and
scenarios which was absolutely fantastic as I felt like I was overcoming an emotional barrier in my
writing experience; I defeated the voice inside of me which said that "writing is hard", proving to
myself just how flexible the story creation process can be. Alternatively, the pace at which the story
was morphing in my imagination was making it difficult to pave a clear direction for the plot. I
quickly realised that I had to calm myself down by asking myself what it was that I was trying to
achieve by writing this story; upon centring my writing in this understanding, a mental filtering ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Being of German descent, my Grandma used to describe the events leading up to their departure
from the motherland of Germany. Despite only being a youth, Grandma had a way of igniting my
inherent passion for adventure by engaging me with stories of battle, romance, and close escapes. I
felt a strong urge pulling me to rediscover the world that my Grandma had co–created in my early
childhood imagination – this time with the potential of combining adventure with familial deceit;
something that 'The One' bravely explores.
I must admit, I found it strange in writing a story with the protagonist being a female – seeing as
though I am a male – yet I still feel that having a female protagonist is effective in embracing certain
stereotypical overtones, namely vulnerability. This time around, I had a stronger focus on what I
desired for my story which resulted in a complete restructuring of my plot (as suggested), with a
reduction in details left for mysterious imaginings, as I made sure to provide more information on
the few characters which I have

The Treatment Of Colon Cancer
"Colon cancer, which is also called rectal cancer. Colon cancer is a potentially, abnormal growth of
the colon, a long muscular tube that is a part of pupr digestive system." Scientist found the earliest
person who got cancer who used to lived in the Dakhleh Oasis, which is a country of egypt, during
the Ptolemaic period. Colon is an important part of our gastrointestinal tract, which include mouth,
esophagus, stomach, duodenum, small intestine, colon, rectum, and anus. These organs connect
together and form a system that digests food, and excretes waste. If colon is destroyed by tumor, it
will cause the whole system to break off entirely. A family history or genetics problems are
important risk of getting colon cancer. If there is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This also may cause cancers of the liver, thyroid gland, and brain. Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colon
Cancer (HNPCC) is more dangerous, this kind of inherited syndromes particularly cause colon
cancer. It's difficult to cure, and it results the formation of potentially cancer polyps before 20 years
old. Turcot's syndrome links the formation of cancerous colorectal polyps with an aggressive form
of brain cancer. Gardner's syndrome, similar to Turcot's, cause cancerous colorectal polyps and other
organ cancers. Peutz–Jeghers syndrome and Cowden's syndrome are two genetic disorders that
cause a polyp to form in the colon. Both disease may also increase the risk for developing colon
cancer later in life. Fortunately, most of these syndromes are rare, if any of your family member is
diagnosed with one of these syndromes, it puts you in a higher risk.
Initially, the symptoms are mild on colon cancer. People can felling "just not right" Early on, you
may feel fine. A routine physical exam may lead doctors suspect the presence of a colon cancer. Be
aware of these sudden changes and talk with your doctor. Don't delay the discussion, or it will lead
you into a dangerous situation. Be careful of the following symptoms, these are the early signs of
colon cancer. Rectal bleeding. Passing bright red or dark blood is an important warning symptom of
colon cancer. You may notice this sign on the toilet paper, the blood mixed

Personal Note On Familial Values
Familial Values
Family–a word that is such a crucial part of most people's daily lives, yet only a few understand its
value. Webster dictionary defines family as, a group of people united by certain affiliation or
conviction. Family can be considered the fire that drives humans to strive for the best. Most families
are dynamic, meaning that the roles of the family members are in constant flux. Persistent fluidity
keeps the family together, as everyone has the power to express their feelings. Yet, there are still
families where one or two people exist as dominant figures–dominant figures that can affect almost
every part of the family with their words or even actions. When such a scenario occurs, most, if not
all, of the other family ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
An–Mei's grandmother, the authority figure in this story, sets the rules of the household and certain
guidelines for An–Mei. Evidently, for all of her life, "Popo [has] scared" An–Mei (Tan 291). Her
constant telling that An–Mei follows the rules of the family is critical and terrifying as she is always
scarring An–Mei with dire consequences that would arise if she were to defy any of her rules. Such
strict rules by an authoritative figure in the family adversely affect the children. Ann–Mei suffers
because of her mother–who became a concubine for another man rather than mourning her
husband's death– which in turn adversely affects her childhood. Being under constant pressure to be
a "perfect Chinese daughter" is punitive, especially at such a small age.
Furthermore, throughout the story, An–Mei's grandmother refers to An–Mei's mother as a ghost
whom she can "never say [the] name" (Tan 292). Additionally, a ghost is "anything [the family is]
forbidden to talk about" (Tan 291). Losing her mother and accepting the fact that her mother is a "ni,
a traitor to [all] the ancestors" is challenging for a little girl, especially (Tan 292). An–Mei's
grandmother's strict rules make her an unfit parental figure in her life. Her grandmother's stories
consist mainly of noncompliance where in one of her stories, a girl's "brains fall out," and in another
"a ghost tried to take the children away..." (Tan 291).

Familial Lineages In Beowulf
Epics are the written accounts the best tales know to the world. They come with messages that can
be told from generation to generation, including love, war and death. But along with these symbols
come ideals that are significant the journey of the tale, ideals such as linage and immortality.
Lineage tells of the greatness that the hero comes from and immortality continues it by telling of the
greatness the hero created for himself and how it lives on after his death.
Within the warrior culture that the poem depicts, patriarchal lineage is an extremely important
component of one's identity. Characters are frequently named as the sons of their fathers. For
example, Beowulf is often referred to as "Ecgtheow's son.(Norton 1117)" His father was a great and
noble warrior so this carried on to Beowulf's persona Patriarchal accounts anchors the story in a
linear time frame that maintain significance through the generations. In great importance of familial
lineage in this culture, is the fact that your ancestors speak for you in categories of trust, ... Show
The epic heroes names and legend lives on for as long as people remember his greatness. Stories are
told about them from generation to generation once his immortality which is triggered by their
death. Beowulf fights the ancient dragon and falls to venom of the dragon's bite. In his last request,
Beowulf asks Wiglaf and his troop to build a barrow that people will call "Beowulf's Barrow,"
which will be filled with the treasures left by the slain dragon. He wishes for the people o of his
homeland to be prosperous and enjoy the riches of these treasures. "They extolled his
greatness...kindest to his people and keenest to win fame" (Norton 31173–82). The Geats give their
unforgettable king a proper burial, remembering his nobleness, greatness, and kindness and most of
all his immortality that he displayed during his

Ethology And Familial Imprinting
In psychology and ethology, imprinting is any kind of phase–sensitive learning occurring at a
particular age or a particular life stage, that is rapid and apparently independent of the consequences
of behaviour. Imprinting typically involves the senses of sight, sound and smell. Imprinting is
stronger when the young animal is under stress or threat from predators. This is a survival
mechanism within all animal species and animals are able to imprint with different species.
Imprinting can be seen if different species that are reared together during the critical period in the
early hours of life. Douglas Spalding observed imprinting in his study of animals. His early
experiments with baby chicks involved blindfolding the chicks before they had ... Show more
Konrad Lorenz was able to demonstrate that newly hatched geese would become attached to any
moving stimulus presented to them within a given period. This period is known as the critical
period, and it is identified as the first 36 hours of life. This process has become known as
â€˜stampingâ€™. The best–known form of imprinting is filial imprinting, in which young animals
acquire several behavioural characteristics from their parents. It is most obvious in newly hatched
birds, which imprint on their parents and then follow them around. Lorenzâ€™s concepts advanced
the modern scientific understanding of how behavioural patterns evolve in a species, particularly
with respect to the role played by ecological factors and the adaptive value of behaviour for species
survival. He proposed that animal species are genetically constructed so as to learn specific kinds of
information that are important for the survival of the species. His ideas have also cast light on how
behavioural patterns develop and mature during the life of an individual organism. Lorenz applied
his ideas to the behaviour of humans as members of a social species, an

Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH)
Introduction Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH), also known as type 2 or Fredrickson class 2a
hyperlipidemia. It is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder, associated with very high levels of
low–density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (LDL–C) from the time of birth; which has a propensity
to tendon xanthomata, and early onset coronary heart disease (Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik
IV). The disease has been known for a long time, as well as its diagnosis and treatments (Goldstein).
FH is one of the most frequent monogenetic disorders. It is a metabolic disorder caused by defective
absent receptors for LDLs on cell surfaces, that is marked by an increase in blood plasma LDLs and
by an accumulation of LDLs in the body.
Genetic of the Disease
Familial Hypercholesterolemia is associated with very high levels of low–density lipoprotein (LDL)
cholesterol (LDL–C) from the time of birth (Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV). The syndrome
is caused by a malformation in the low–density ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore, it needs to be transported through the blood stream by carriers, in this case, called
lipoproteins. There are two main kind of lipoproteins, the low density lipoproteins (LDL) and the
high density lipoproteins (HDL). The types of proteins are characterized as good or bad to the
organisms. In this case the LDL is considered the bad cholesterol because it forms hard layers, that
can obstruct the arteries and can make them less flexible to function properly. That is why HDL is
considered to be beneficial one, since it as the scavenger that helps to remove the cholesterol from
the arteries back to liver. Hence, the cells from those with FH show a deficiency in the number of
functional LDL receptors, which at the same time cause the overproduction of cholesterol and a
reduction in the ability to breakdown the protein in LDL (Rosenson et

Case 3.7.1 Familial Melanoma
3.7.1 Familial melanoma
Familial melanoma is a genetic or inherited condition. This means that the risk of having a
melanoma can be passed from generation to generation in a family. Ordinarily, each cell has two
copies of each gene: one inherited from the mother and one inherited from the father. Familial
melanoma follows a dominant inheritance pattern, in which case a mutation happens in only one
copy of the gene. As every cell has two copies of each gene, it means that a parent can potentially
pass along a copy of his or her normal gene or a copy of the mutated gene. Therefore, a child who
has a parent with a mutation has a 50% chance of inheriting that mutation. A related person such as a
brother or a parent of the person who has a mutation also has a 50% chance of having the same
mutation.
There is a certain amount of known genetic mutations associated with skin cancer.
Due to a high number of concerned ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many sporadic melanomas are also found to have mutations or loss of expression of this tumor
suppressor gene, known to act in the same signaling pathway as the retinoblasma cases (see 3.3
Tumor suppressor genes).
3.7.4 CDK4 (cyclin dependent kinase 4)
Mutations in this gene are responsible for an increased incidence of melanoma in a very small
amount of families. The incidence of melanoma of CDK4 is similar to the families that have
mutations in the gene CDKN2A. The gene CDK4 is a proto–oncogene that makes a protein that
helps control cell division. However, when the CDK4 gene is mutated, it products an abnormal
CDK4 protein that is too active. This abnormal protein makes cell divide uncontrollably fast, which
could lead to tumor formation. Clinically, CDK4 and CDKN2A are mostly similar.
3.7.5 Xeroderma pigmentosum
Xeroderma pigmentosum is an inherited condition characterized by an extreme sensitivity to
ultraviolet rays from

Familial Dysautonmia Research Paper
Familial Dysautonmia is a genetic disorder. A genetic disorder is a disorder that is passed down to
you from your parents. For example, when both your parents have brown eyes, so do you! Familial
Dysautonmia is similar. It disturbs your automatic nervous system, which is what your body does
without you controlling it (Digestion, breathing, tear production, blood pressure, taste, pain, heat,
cold, and body temperature).
Familial Dysautonmia is passed on through genetics. It is very rare because it is a recessive gene.
Both parents will have to have a mutilation for a child to get Familial Dysautonmia. Some people
may have the mutated gene, but not show symptoms of Familial Dysautonmia. It is from a mutation
in the IKBKAP gene. Think of genes ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
You can be tested for it while your mother is pregnant. Or, you can be tested as a carrier of Familial
Dysautonmia. It mostly affects Ashkenazi (Eastern European) Jewish People, 1 in 27 of this ethnic
group are carrying it. A carrier is a person who does not show the gene, but can potentially pass it on
to their children.
The most prominent symptoms of Familial Dysautonmia include: lack of tears, being short in height,
swallowing problems, low weight, drooling, low reaction to pain, excessive sweating, constant
changing of blood pressure, curved spine, smooth tongue (lack of taste buds), sleep apnea, and
blotchy reddening of skin while eating.
People with FD are much more likely to get pneumonia because their food goes into their lungs
instead of their stomachs, to prevent this, many people have feeding tubes that bring the food to
their stomachs. People with FD do not have all the bodily functions that people without the disease
have. Children with FD cannot have normal lives because of their symptoms. They can go into an
autonomic crisis, this means their heart rate and blood pressure changes dramatically, their
personality changes, and their digestive system shuts down. An autonomic crisis causes individuals
not being able to do normal activities and having to spend a few days in the

Familial Polyposis
Familial adenomatous polyposis detection and effects of early predictive genetic testing
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an autosomal dominant polyposis syndrome classically
characterized by mutation in the APC gene on the long arm of chromosome 5. Patients are
diagnosed with FAP had hundreds of thousands of adenomatous polyps in the large intestine
(Poovorawan et al., 2012). Truncating germline mutation in the APC gene are responsible for 70–
90% of FAP cases (Russo et al., 2014). FAP is dominantly inherited and is close to 100% penetrant.
Therefore, it is essential to have knowledge of the disease in advance in order to have sufficient
medical preparation.
APC mutations were found in 80% (95% CI 71%–87%) of individuals with more ... Show more
Direct sequencing was performed by First BASE Laboratories Sdn Bhd (Selangor Darul Ehsan,
Malaysia).
APC gene mutation analysis: The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences were compared
with reference sequences of the APC gene available at the NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology
Information) GenBank database using the BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) program
(http://blast.ncbi.nlm.

Colon Cancer Essay
Colon Cancer
What is the disease?
Colon and rectal cancer develop in the digestive tract, which is also called the gastrointestinal, or
GI, tract. The digestive system processes food for energy and rids the body of solid waste matter
(fecal matter or stool). Colon cancer and rectal cancer have many features in common. Sometimes
they are referred to together as colorectal cancer.
Over 95% of colorectal cancers are ad enocarcinomas. These are cancers of the glandular cells that
line the inside of the colon and rectum. Other, less common type of tumors may also develop in the
colon and rectum. Carcinoid tumors develop from hormone–producing cells of the intestine.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors develop in the connective tissue ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The small intestine continues breaking down the food and absorbs most of the nutrients. The liver
and the pancreas release bile and enzymes into the small bowel to aid in this process. The small
intestine joins the large intestine or large bowel, a muscular tube about five feet long. The first part
of the large bowel, called the colon continues to absorb water and mineral nutrients from the food
matter and serves as a storage place for waste matter. The waste matter left after this process goes
into the rectum, the final 6 inches, or so of the large bowel. From there, it passes out of the body
through the anus.
What are the casual factors for this disease? Colon cancer is expected to be responsible for about
47,700 deaths (23,100 men and 24,600 women) during 2000. About 8,600 people (4,700 men and
3,900 women) will die from rectal cancer during 2000. The death rate from colorectal cancer has
been going down for the past 20 years. This may be because there are fewer cases, more of the cases
are found early, and treatments have improved.
The 5–year relative survival rate is 90% for people whose colorectal cancer is found and treated in
an early stage, before it has spread. Nevertheless, only 37% of colorectal cancers are found at that
early stage. Once the cancer has spread to nearby organs or lymph nodes, the 5–year relative
survival rate goes down to 65%. For people whose colorectal cancer has spread to distant parts of
the body such as the

Familial Socioeconomics
When obtaining a health assessment of diverse populations, it is important to evaluate the
socioeconomic and lifestyle problems that pertain to the disease in question. Collecting a thorough
history is crucial to treating the family as a unit. Familial socioeconomic resources and children's
health outcomes are strongly documented in research when kids suffer disadvantages during their
rearing (Hardie & Landale, 2013). Lacking the support of the family emotionally or financially is a
tremendous burden to a child. Poor health in children results in higher school drop out rates, in
addition to more health problems in later life, consequently, leading to lower incomes than their
healthier counterparts (Hardie & Landale, 2013). Having a parent

Familial Alzheimer's Disease (FAD)
Familial Alzheimer's Disease (FAD) is a form of mental deterioration characterized by the formation
of amyloid plaques around neurons in the brain. While there appears to be multiple ways general
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) can develop, FAD is a rare type of AD that can be acquired hereditarily.
Of all general Alzheimer's cases, around 1–5% are FAD specific, which translates to about 50,000 to
250,000 people (Strobel). Children of people who have acquired certain genetic mutations linked
with FAD have been shown the potential of inheriting these mutations and developing FAD as a
result. Mutations in the presenilin proteins (PSEN1; PSEN2) or in the amyloid precursor protein
(APP) have been shown to be linked with FAD. PSEN1 is most prominently ... Show more content
However, due to the rapid change of scientific knowledge and medical technology, an argument can
be made against this by saying diseases are more easily avoided if treated at early formative stages
in life. For example, today there is Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat
(CRISPR) technology which is a genetic engineering tool used to target cells and change DNA
sequences by cutting and replacing nucleotides. At this point in time, it can be difficult to target
specific cells so this technology is still developing and improving. FAD affects brain cells, and so in
order to treat this disease with CRISPR, a virus like technology would need to be created to
specifically target brain cells, and be sure to reach all of them. This being said, it would be much
easier to reach every brain cell in a child as opposed to a fully developed adult brain. In this case,
predictive screenings should be available to children once technology such as CRISPR allows for a
way to prevent and treat genetic diseases.
A combination of predictive screening and genetic engineering technology would allow for
descendants of FAD affected adults to be diagnosed way before symptoms develop and remove the
malignant mutations from the genome completely. Rapid technological advancement has allowed
for FAD to be detected, and hopefully with further advancement,

Familial Factors
Research Outcome: 'To what extent do familial factors contribute to the development of anxiety
disorders?'
1.0 Introduction
This research study suggests that familial factors can contribute to the development of anxiety
disorders through numerous methods. When an individual's family of origin possesses a history of
traumatic experiences, it engenders behavioural epigenetic changes that can instigate anxiety.
Additionally, when individuals have ancestors with Epilepsy, their susceptibility to anxiety
disorder/s is increased. Similarly, when individuals experience childhood abuse, they also acquire
epigenetic changes, as well as serotonin deficiencies, which have the capacity to cause anxiety
disorder/s. However, in other cases, the influences ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter critical in regulating anxiety and reducing stress. It does this
by preventing overstimulation in the brain, and subduing excitatory neurotransmitters, which can
cause anxiety when the brain is overstimulated. Hence, GABA deficiency results in overstimulation
in the brain, and consequently, anxiety. Furthermore, those who experience anxiety due to GABA
deficiency, often develop anxiety disorder/s (Neurotransmitters, Depression and Anxiety, 2008).
Additionally, as GABA induces relaxation, analgesia, and sleep, "dysfunction of the GABA system
is implicated in the pathophysiology of several neuropsychiatric disorders, including anxiety"
(Neurotransmitters, Depression and Anxiety, 2008). GABA is synthesised by the amino acid
glutamate decarboxylase (glutamine); thus, glutamine deficiency will result in GABA deficiency
(Graham, n.d.). Whilst glutamine deficiency can be caused by diets lacking protein (Henderson,
n.d.), it also results from Epilepsy (Glutamate decarboxylase deficiency, n.d.), which scientists
believe have genetics aspects (Fisher and Saul, n.d.). Statistics suggest that in every 100 children
born to parents with Epilepsy, between 2 and 5 will inherit Epilepsy (Epilepsy and inheritance,
2012). In cases where the cause of Epilepsy is unidentified, professionals believe that it can be
attributed to an inherited low seizure threshold that makes individuals more susceptible to seizures
(Epilepsy and inheritance, 2012). Additionally, children with an extensive history of, or mothers
with Epilepsy in their genealogy, are more susceptible to the disorder, as shown in Figure

Familial Adenomatous Polyposis
Throughout the years, geneticists have made ground breaking discoveries, in regards to thousands of
inherited diseases. They have identified numerous mutations within the human genome that have
given rise to treatments and cures for multiple genetic diseases, one of which is Familial
Adenomatous Polyposis, also known as FAP. According to Half, Brocovich, and Rozen (2009)1,
Familial Adenomatous Polyposis is characterized by the development of many tens of thousands
adenomas in the rectum and colon during the second decade of life. Familial Adenomatous
Polyposis is inherited as an autosomal dominant disease, which is the reason why there is a
relatively equal occurrence rate in males and females. FAP results from a germline mutation in the
adenomatous ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Severe Familial Adenomatous Polyposis or Classical FAP is characterized by the formation of over
100 adenomas in the rectum and colon. (Ellis, 2008). Individuals with this form of the genetic
disease will experience an earlier occurrence of tumors. According to Ellis (2008), adenomatous
polyps are present in 15% of FAP individuals by the age of 10 years old, 50% by the age of 15 years
old, and 75% by the age of 20 years old. Individuals who are aware of their APC gene mutation,
should begin colonoscopy screenings as early as possible, preferably beginning at age 15. Since this
disease is autosomal dominant, individuals who have a family history of FAP would need get tested
for the APC mutation through blood samples, and then would proceed with colonoscopy screenings.
Unfortunately, individuals with the severe or classical type of Familial Adenomatous Polyposis will
almost 100% develop colorectal malignancy if left untreated by the age of 39. (Ellis, 2008). Ellis
(2008) also presented that 7% of individuals would develop colorectal cancer by the age of 21.
Individuals who experience severe FAP are at an increased risk of developing extra–colonic
attributes such as, retinal hyperpigmentation, desmoid tumors, and even thyroid tumors. Retinal
Hyperpigmentation or CHRPE (congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium) has be
found to be associated

Familial Genogram Paper
This paper explores the concept of a familial genogram and the insight a familial genogram can
provide. I have utilized three published articles to help clarify what a genogram is and what it is
used for, what hypothyroidism is and its genetic components, and the connection hypothyroidism
has to mental health. I have attached a familial genogram that explores the prevalence of
hypothyroidism in my family tree. My diagram begins with my grandparents, through my parents,
aunts and uncles, down to myself, my siblings and my cousins.
Keywords: hypothyroidism, genogram
Exploring Familial Hypothyroidism Using a Genogram
A genogram is a tool that is utilized by healthcare professionals to get a visual representation of a
patient's family structure, life cycle stage, life events and family functioning, relationship patterns
and triangles, and family balance and imbalance, and most importantly, pattern repetition between
generations. Family genograms can also be thought of as a more in–depth family tree. Family
physicians benefit from using a family genogram because they offer a unique opportunity in
obtaining a patient's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When looking at my genogram, I see a strong genetic presence. Hypothyroidism has been diagnosed
in my father, my grandmother on my mom's side, my mother, all three of my mother's sisters, one
female cousin on my mom's side, and me. This being said, all adult females on my mother's side are
diagnosed with hypothyroidism. Each of them were diagnosed in their adulthood, where as I was
diagnosed at the age of 5. I believe that the early onset was in association with my Type 1 Diabetes.
However, it seems to me that there is a clear genetic disposition running in my family. By analyzing
my familial, I have concluded that the younger females in my family are also at high risk of
developing hypothyroidism at some point in their

Familial Cardiomyopathies ( Fc )
Background: Familial Cardiomyopathies (FC) are a collection of cardiac diseases that vary vastly
genetically, and pathologically (1, 2). Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common
form of FC (2). HCM is diagnosed often with left ventricular hypertrophy without a noticeable
increase in external load and smaller ventricular cavity, but with a preserved ejection fraction (3).
That is, the percent of blood leaving the left ventricle (5) does not change. Other pathologies include
interstitial fibrosis, thickening of the media in intramural arteries, and myocytes disarray greater
than 5%; which is a hallmark of HCM (4). HCM shows variability in its penetrance, from a patient
with no symptoms, to having sudden cardiac death (SCD) ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
As a result, many patients that do not fit standard diagnostic criteria may in fact have this form of
HCM (8). This low diagnostic sensitivity can be a contributing factor to the high mortality rate of
TnT related HCM, making understanding its etiology very important. Mutations in TnT mostly seem
to be associated with changes in calcium sensitivity (10). Three mutations seem to be prevalent,
each having varying affects on calcium sensitivity. The TnT–Arg278Cys (R278C) mutation, not
without some debate (15), has been found to have negligible effects on calcium handling, resulting
in a relatively better prognosis for the patient (11). TnT–Phe110Ile (F110I) and Ile79Asn (I79N)
mutations both show a respective increase in calcium sensitivity (10). Their pathologies differ from
most HCM in that very little fibrosis or hypertrophy is seen (12). This is unique, as most HCM has
associated fibrosis, which results in re–entrant tachycardias and possible fibrillation (13). But with
I79N and associated mutations, re–entrant tachycardias have been observed in the absence of any
fibrosis (14). Both the etiology of these mutations and resulting pathology has been researched
extensively in murine and porcine models (14, 15). The I79N, R278C, and F110I mutations were
first identified and characterized by Watkins et al. (16). Families exhibiting HCM had their DNA
sequenced and, using statistical analyses, polymorphisms were

The Importance Of Familial Relations On An Individual
How does the Importance of Familial Relations Affect an Individuals Sense of Self?
'We need New Names' written by NoViolet and 'Sunflower and the Secret Fan' written by Lisa See
both explore the concept of the importance of familial relations on an individual. Both these novels
outline the importance of familial relations, and how they can affect an individual's sense of self.
Throughout the notion of growing up leaving home and finding love the importance of familial
relations and how they can affect an individuals sense of self are introduced.
Both novels outline that growing up is a major factor and fundamental stage in an individual's life.
However, as introduced in both these texts the process of growing up in some cases, may ... Show
People left in droves and Darling's father wanted to leave with them. 'He was going to leave and
nothing would stop him' (Bulawayo, n.d.) This evidently caused a strain in Darling's relationship
with her father and the way she perceived him. "Father comes home after many years of forgetting
us, of not sending us money, of not loving us, not visiting us, not anything us and parks in the
shack" (Bulawayo, n.d.) This quote outlines the lack of love and trust she had gotten from her
relationship with her father, similarly Lily also felt a lack of love from her family. In the text 'Snow
Flower and the Secret Fan' Lisa also felt a notion of neglect from her parents, as being a younger
girl in her culture wasn't shown to being as important as being a male or an older daughter. "I saw
clearly that I was inconsequential to her. I was a third child, a second worthless girl, too little to
waste time on' (See, 2007) Subsequently leading to her feeling worthless and insignificant. Through
neglect from both their families both the protagonists felt the notion of disintegration in familial
relations.
Leaving home can be an initial and sometimes very perplex point in a person's life. In both texts, the
protagonists left home and even though they were at different stages of their lives, leaving home for
a different purpose, both individuals suffered from the disintegration of familial relations due to this.
Darling from 'We Need New

Familial Loyalty In The Grapes Of Wrath
In John Steinbeck's fiction novel The Grapes of Wrath, the dustbowl renders farmland useless, so
the Joad family embarks on a journey across the country, leaving their farm behind in Oklahoma to
attempt to find work in California. Along the way, they encounter several characters facing
hardships not unlike their own. Gradually, they extend their compassion to include these characters,
allowing for a "widening circle of compassion".
Some of the most important themes of the book are familial loyalty and hope. In the novel, John
Steinbeck argues that familial loyalty is not a commitment limited by blood, but includes others
outside of the family as well. Hope is what unites the migrant workers; the mutual goal of settling in
California binds them to one another.
At the beginning of the novel, the Joads are shown to be good–natured, generous people. For
instance, when Tom returns to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Rose of Sharon, or Rosasharn, becomes increasingly more irritable and self–centered as the novel
progresses, due to her discomfort at being pregnant and her heartbreak from her husband Connie's
abandonment. She does tasks for the family infrequently and begrudgingly, and often puts her
prenatal desires, like milk, above the rest of the Joads' basic needs, such as food. There is no positive
change in her character until shortly before her pregnancy ends, when she insists she help collect
cotton with the rest of the Joads. This labor results in her child's stillborn birth, and it is then that
Rose of Sharon begins to exhibit true compassion. At the very end of the novel, the remaining Joads
come across a young boy and his malnourished, half–dead father. In an act of real compassion,
Rosasharn breastfeeds the man, giving him nutrients and therein enabling him to survive. There the
book ends, with her looking up with a "mysterious smile" on her

Familial Hypercholesterolemia Case Study
For this study on familial hypercholesterolemia, the primary populations utilized will be male and
female adults roughly 25–65 years–old in the United States who have been diagnosed with
heterozygous and homozygous FH. With more than 600,000 people in the United States having FH,
and their children having a 50% chance of inheriting this disorder, it will be beneficial to focus on
studies pertaining to those within our nation as a means to provide better care plans for those who
are suffering from the disease and as a future means to work towards universal treatment of this
disease.^7 In regards to sample inclusion/exclusion criteria, the articles will be those with available
free full text, written in English, done with human ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Due to the total number of people who suffer from FH around the world, I refined it to this group to
keep the data concise for the sake of the project and to research on individuals that are more relevant
to those suffering around me due to living in the United States. I believe that this sample size will
provide enough information to answer the problem due to the increasing numbers of individuals
who suffer from this disease along with the fact that having FH puts a person at a twenty times
increased risk for heart disease than the general population, meaning that there will be quite a few
studies providing research between the association of FH and CVD.^7 From this sample, there will
be data missing for those outside of the age range, such as pediatric patients that were born with FH,
or patients over the age of 65 with FH and other existing diseases. I believe it is better to use
subjects in the middle of those age groups like listed above because their bodies will begin to
display consequences of having the disease for numerous years, many of which living with it
untreated or improperly treated, and this data may show the correlation between FH and CVD. If the
person is older than age range, multiple other factors begin to be incorporated into the risk and
presence of CVD from years of other stressors and diseases impacting their body, making it difficult
to discern what impact FH

Familial Mediterranean Fever Essay
This section briefly explains the cause of FMF. MEFV gene leads to Familial Mediterranean fever.
MEFV make a protein called pyrin also known as marenostrin, which is found in white blood cells.
MEFV is involved in the immune system which helps to regulate the process of inflammation.
MEFV gene reduces the activity of the pyrin protein, which disrupts control of the inflammation
process (Periodic Fever Syndrome. 2016 Retrieved April 10, 2016). A person with FMF has
mutations in both copies of MEFV gene. All genes come in pairs, and one copy of each pair is
inherited (Familial Mediterranean fever. 2006, February/March). Signs and Symptoms FMF varies
in signs and symptoms which could help treat FMF before it is severely under damage. In this
section signs and symptoms of Familial ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This could occur anytime. FMF could last about 24 to 72 hour but could get longer. Frequently
ranges from 2 attacks/wk to 1 attack/ year. Severity and frequency tend to decrease during
pregnancy and patients with amyloidosis. Spontaneous remissions may last for about a year, which
could severely harm the body. As all types of fever acore their temperature reach to about 30 to 35
celsius, but FMF go as high as 40 celsius, usually accompanied by peritonitis which is the major
manifestation. A patient with FMF started to feel abdominal pain, which starts out in one of the
quadrants then spreads out through abdominal. The abodman attack could happen to nearly any
patients depending on each attack. Not only does the FMF effect the abdomen but it also causes
splinting of the chest and pain in one or both shoulder may occur. FMF is less fraquent in the US
than elsewhere. Chronic renai failure is the most significant long term complication. Chronic is
caused by deposition of amyloid protein in the kidneys. Amyloid could be deposited in the GI tract,
liver, spleen, heart, testes, and thyroid.

Familial Alzheimer's Disease
There are two types of Alzheimer's, early onset and late onset, which both have genetic components.
Alzheimer's disease was named after Alois Alzheimer in 1906 when he had discovered changes in
the brain tissue of a woman who died unusually from mental illness. Alzheimer's is ranked as the 6th
leading cause of death in the United States. Familial Alzheimer's disease commonly known as, Early
Onset Alzheimer or eFAD is a form of Alzheimer that is usually detected between the ages of 30–60.
Familial Alzheimer is an irreversible, progressive brain disorder that slowly destroys memory and
thinking skills. Familial Alzheimer's symptoms may include; movement difficulties, sense of smell,
word finding, vision and spatial issues, times and places confusion, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Factors that are not preventable include family history, heredity, and age. Risks for eFAD include
head trauma, and head to head connections. To help cope with the deteriorating disease, it is
important for a nutritious diet as well as physical activity, social engagement, and mentally
stimulating activities. Healthy diet helps ensure a healthy brain and heart which helps protect the
body. Regular exercise is also important, this increases oxygen and blood flow which benefits
cardiovascular system. Treatment for eFAD includes helping to maintain mental function and
manage behavioral system. Medications that are used to comfort systems include Donepezil,
Rivastigmine, and Galantamine used to treat mild to moderate Alzheimer's. Targets for future drugs
include Beta Amyloid (main components for plaque), and Tau proteins (main component in tangles.)
Other hopes for drugs and therapies include the targeting of the overall inflammatory response as
well as therapies to target specific areas of genetic, molecular, and cellular

Family And Familial Values
Family values, sometimes referred to as Familial values, are traditional or cultural values (that is,
values passed on from generation to generation within families) that pertain to the family's structure,
function, roles, beliefs, attitudes, and ideals. In the social sciences, sociologists may use the term
"traditional family" in order to refer specifically to the child–rearing environment that sociologists
formerly called the norm. This "traditional family" involves a middle–class family with a
breadwinner father and a homemaker mother, raising their biological children. Any deviation from
this family model is considered a "nontraditional family". Nontraditional families, nevertheless,
make up the majority of American households, as of now. According to Oxford English Dictionary,
family values means: [n.] values attributed to or derived from family life; [spec.] values allegedly
learnt or reinforced within a traditional, close family ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Filial is the oldest one in Chinese ethical category. Filial appeared in Zhou Dynasty (1046B.C.–
256B.C.), and the original meaning is respecting ancestry, repayment and raising up children. Then
Confucius (551B.C.–479B.C.) change its religious and philosophical significance into the only
means that you should take good care of parents. In "Book of Filial Piety", the moral values that
reflect family–child relationship had been fully politicized. Confucianism had been used to run a
country and teach all the literati since the Western Han Dynasty (206B.C.–A.D.24). Its dominance
had lasted for few thousand years until the May 4th Movement of 1919. But, nowadays, Chinese
students still need to learn some part of the Confucianism since their childhood. This makes the
Confucianism still has a great influence on political, economy, ideology, etc. As the core part of the
Confucianism, Filial culture has been developing for few centuries, and has rooted in Chinese daily

Familial Delusions : A Correlation Between Familial And...
Familial Delusions
An analysis of popular crime fiction provides evidence of a correlation between familial issues and
forms of mental illness. These factors are often shown to work together to manifest in criminal
behavior. Crime fiction storylines repeatedly connect illegal acts with delusion, based upon strange
relationships between perpetrators and their mothers. These plotlines often leave the culpability of
the crimes in question and allow for deeper examination of how society views guilt.
It is apparent in Woodrow Wilson's Necktie, by Highsmith, that Clive's mental troubles are
exacerbated by the actions of his mother. The first of these actions is revealed in the description
given of the woman. Clive's mother had been left by ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Her inability to parent effectively leads to Clive dropping out of school and eventually committing
murder. A second scene that corroborates the theory of negligence on the part of Clive's mother is at
the end of the story where Clive is attempting to confess his crimes. Clive's mother reveals that
around the time of her husband's departure, that her son started asking questions regarding his
identity. It is at this point that his mother should have found Clive professional help. Although it is
not altogether abnormal for a young child to question their place in the world, it is strange to phrase
these questions as inquiries upon one's status as a person. These questions mark some of the first
signs that his father's leaving had caused Clive to develop mental instability. Had his mother gotten
Clive the help he needed, it is quite possible that he would not have developed the form of
dissociative disorder that eventually inclined him to commit murder. Instead, his mother allows
Clive to do poorly in school and to have free reign. It can be assumed that Clive's mother only
meant to reconcile her failures as a wife and a mother by allowing her son to do as he pleased, but
her inattention actually served to doom her son. This case suggests that Clive's relationship to his
mother either caused or strengthened delusions he harbored about what being a person means,

Familial Hypercholesterolemia Research Paper
Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Introduction
Every parent wants their children to be health and it is not easy. That is the reason why this article
written to introduce one of the genetic diseases, familial hypercholesterolemia.
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), also known as familial β hyperlipoproteinemia. The clinical
features of hypercholesterolemia, characteristic xanthomas, family history of premature
cardiovascular disease. FH is the most common childhood genetic hyperlipidemia, lipid metabolism
is the most serious form of the disease that can lead to a variety of life–threatening cardiovascular
complications, is an important risk factor for coronary artery disease.
Familial hypercholesterolemia is a rare autosomal dominant genetic ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Type Ⅲ mutations: mutant which is characterized by the LDL receptor gene can be synthesized to
the cell surface, but can not bind to the ligand.
Type Ⅳ mutations: Such mutations are mainly mature LDL receptors can not reach the cell surface
in covering family gathered into depression, although the cells can bind LDL, but does not appear in
the shift, known as the inner shift deficient mutant.
Type Ⅴ mutations: LDL receptor mutation that occurs in the EGF precursor homology domain,
which is characterized by the synthesis of LDL binding to the LDL receptor, and the subsequent
shift were normal, but the receptor can be recycled to the cell membrane.
Clinical Symptoms and Prognosis
hyperlipidemia
Heterozygous plasma cholesterol concentration is usually 2 to 3 times normal, homozygote 6 to 8
times higher than normal. The former is between 300 mg / dL ~ 400mg / dL, which is between
600mg / dL ~ 1,200mg / dL. However, some heterozygous patients with elevated LDL–C is not
obvious.

Genetic Disease And The Medical World
Genetics plays a large role in the medical world, specifically when dealing with disease. Some
genetic diseases remain a mystery as to their specific origins, but this only highlights the importance
of continued research and an accurate and complete knowledge of one's family medical history. This
paper will cover one inherited genetic disease for which there is no cure, Fatal Familial Insomnia
("Self management of Fatal Familial Insomnia. Part 1: What is FFI?", 2006, p. 65). This particular
disease was chosen due to its severity, swiftness with which it ends life, and its ability to exist
undetected without symptoms for decades unless one's family history is known. Fatal Familial
Insomnia, (FFI), is a neurodegenerative prion disease classified as a Transmissible Spongiform
Encephalopathy, (TSE), meaning that it is genetically transmitted (Belay, 1999, p. 284). FFI is
autosomal dominant (Xie et al., 2013, p81–90), meaning that an individual with A or AA alleles, a
component of a gene pair, could carry this gene (Ireland, 2013). The capital, "A or AA", denotes a
dominant genetic trait (Ireland, 2013). The carrier will usually only present with one mutated gene
and one normal gene in these cases which would be symbolized as, "Aa", meaning the genotype is
heterozygous, one dominant coded allele and one recessive (Ireland, 2013). Due to this 50–50
presentation of the gene itself, the likelihood of passing an autosomal dominant disorder or gene to
offspring is also 50–50. The

Familial dysautonomia affects the development of sensory...
Familial dysautonomia affects the development of sensory neurons. It affects two important nervous
systems: the autonomic nervous system, which controls a persons involuntary actions, and the
sensory nervous system, which controls a persons senses. It starts at birth and shortens a victim's life
span drastically. (Genetics Home Reference) At birth, children with familial dysautonomia are
diagnosed by a distinct set of symptoms. (FD Facts) Poor muscle tone and lack of tears are two
symptoms that can be detected very early. As they get older they have a hard time maintaining body
temperature, they hold their breath for long periods of time and have a delay in speech and walking.
The cause of these symptoms is due to a defect IKBKAP gene. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The surgeries are very expensive and are not guaranteed to work. (Genetic Testing as the First Step)
If my child or a loved one was showing signs of familial dysautonomia I would have them go
through testing to be 100% sure. It may be vary hard on some families if the results are positive but
personally I would like to know if my loved one had this disorder. I would use these results to my
advantage and make the victims short lifespan as pain free and enjoyable as possible. Gene therapy
is an experimental technique that uses genes to treat or prevent disease. It is currently only being
tested for the treatment of diseases that have no other cures. There are three different methods of
gene therapy: Replacing a mutated gene with a healthy copy, inactivating a mutated gene and
introducing a new gene in the body to help fight the disease. This can only be used on certain
diseases and is very risky. (Genetics Home Reference) Usually gene therapy uses a vector, typically
a virus, to get the gene to the correct cell. When it is inside, the cell's gene–reading machinery uses
the information in the gene to build RNA and protein molecules. The proteins can then carry out
their job in the cells. (What is Gene Therapy?) Gene therapy is not available for familial
dysautonomia at this moment. Even if gene therapy were an option I would not want to go through
with the procedure because it is very risky and has a very high chance of you getting even sicker and
a very low chance

Familial Hypercholesterolemia Research Paper
As controversy rises over the ability to test embryos for genetic defects one must chose a side. In
this essay I will be examining the debate over the ability to screen for familial hypercholesterolemia
in embryos. Familial hypercholesterolemia is a condition which often kills children before puberty.
This condition causes elevated cholesterol and can cause angina at a young age. Many children with
this disease die at a young age and most suffer at least one heart attack by their thirties. There is
however, a treatable version of this disease which is the heterozygous variation. 1 in 500 people
develop the heterozygous disease while 1 in 250,000 people develop the more serious homozygous
variation. Critics argue that the ability to test for Familial hypercholesterolemia will allow couples to
destroy embryos that have the potential to live healthy lives. In this essay I will argue that genetic
testing for familial hypercholesterolemia is permissible. Is it wrong for parents to screen out
embryos with disorders that are treatable? I believe the answer to this question is no, it is not wrong.
A disease such as familial hypercholesterolemia, which has two variations, one that is life
threatening and one that can be controlled, should ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is another moral debate of its own, however, for the sake of argument I will say that an embryo
cannot be considered a human until conception, thus creating destruction of the embryo morally
permissible. Secondly, if it is known and proven through science that the child will be severely
disabled and suffer greatly throughout its entire life, it cannot and should not be considered evil to
prevent the extreme and lifelong suffering of a child. Finally, a religious person may believe and
hope for a miracle in the individual's condition however it is not right to rely solely on a miracle
when there is scientific fact that the patient will

Vengeance And Familial Duty In Hamlet
Above these plot details, the two stories have different messages that they are trying to convey.
Although the themes of vengeance and familial duty appear in both tales, Shakespeare and
Aeschylus have different agendas when it comes to explicating the deeper meaning of their works.
In Hamlet, vengeance is used as a force that drives people to their own undoing, from Hamlet's first
actions towards revenge, where he loses Ophelia because of his feigned madness, to Laertes' death
"as a woodcock to [his] own springe"(Shakespeare 302). Like a poison spreading through the
characters of the play, vengeance drove this play to its grisly ending. Hamlet's father's ghost made
Hamlet's obligations clear, and egged him on to completing his task. Hamlet's ... Show more content
He let go of the burning desire to avenge his father, and so in an ironic twist, the villain in the
beginning becomes the victor in the end, after realizing that following duty blindly is a recipe for
disaster. On the other hand, Aeschylus' views on vengeance and filial duty are completely
dichotomous to Shakespeare's. The Oresteia promotes vengeful acts, even going so far as to have
Apollo, god of light, sun, and knowledge, not only give Orestes the order to slay Clytemnestra , but
to provide him asylum when the Furies begin to haunt him (Bates 2–3). Orestes' responsibility to
avenge his father was held to a high standard throughout the tale, to the point where the entire 3rd
play, The Eumenides is about Orestes going to trial to be told that his actions were just. Although
there is the issue of Orestes' conundrum, where he is bound both by his duty to avenge his father,
and his duty to be loyal to his mother, Athena, god of law and justice, concedes that Orestes' duty to
his father took higher priority that his obligation to his mother. In this regard, the Oresteia elucidates
a completely different message than that of

Familial Separation In Hamlet
Another infectious component relating to familial separations – and another theme identified within
Hamlet multiple times – death amidst a family becomes a large element not only during the printing
press and Shakespearean times, but also in society today. The inauguration of Hamlet commences
with the somber casualty of Hamlet's father, King Hamlet. The ghost of King Hamlet later enters the
scene and explains that when he, King Hamlet decided to take a nap, Claudius, his brother, poured a
"leperous distillment," or poison, into his ear (I.v.64–65.). King Hamlet then succumbed to the
poison. This gave Hamlet a sense of a "missing piece" among his family. Additionally, to make
things worse, his mother, Queen Gertrude, marries the new king, King Claudius (Hamlet's uncle),
shortly after Old Hamlet's death. Hamlet's mental state then ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Adequately explained and symbolic in Hamlet and modern society, grief and revenge play immense
roles amidst a human's state of mind when coping with calamities like these. Grief plays a large part
in Shakespeare's Hamlet script. Displayed in many different acts and scenes, audiences engulfed in
this work begin to see how relatable his penmanship can be brought into their lives particularly in
families. Jonathon Herman, a 35–year–old health care executive from New York was asked to
disclose information about losing both of his parents of cancer before turning 13 years old. "I felt
like I wasn't a kid anymore because I was forced to grow up and provide for a lot of things on my
own," Herman states (Zaslow). Among more findings, when polled 73% of adults believe their lives
would have been "so much better" if their parents hadn't died young and another 66% stated that
they felt like "they weren't a kid anymore (Hois)." Other children and adults struggle to cope with
losing a family member, just like

Familial Power In King Lear
English ID Point
'How has the study of Shakespeare's King Lear and Frear's The Queen heightened your
understanding of the universal ideas or themes evident in these two texts?'
Shakespeare's King Lear and Frear's The Queen has further developed the understanding of
universal themes and ideas and themes through the use of political and familial power. The two
literature pieces communicate aspects of political or familial power through the use of
cinematography and language devices.
In William Shakespeare's King Lear, Lear expressed power to be a complex notion through the use
of familial power – developed throughout the play and shown as a universal theme.
During Act 1 Scene 1, Cordelia, Regan and Goneril are surrounding King Lear, who is sitting on his
throne. Lear explains to his daughter that he wishes to split the kingdom between his daughters, but
before he does, he wants each daughter to express how much they love him. Goneril and Regan both
flatter the king with their words. But Cordelia on the other hand, disagrees with her sisters.
"Unhappy that I am, I cannot heave my heart into my mouth. I love your majesty according to my
bond, no ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The public was disappointed in the Queen – and because of this she lost respect and power. After the
Queen responds to the incident on live television when they arrive back in London, she regains her
power, although in the movie overall, the Prime Minister gained political power amongst the
citizens of the United Kingdom. The Queen reacts to this in a scene, when she responds to Blair by
saying: "Don't get ahead of yourself, Prime Minister. Remember, I'm supposed to be the one
advising you." This line demonstrates how the Queen has had a realisation of her lost power, and
wishes to regain it. Blair also communicates to the Queen "You obviously know my job better than I
do". This scene s the shift, the growth and decline of political power as the movie

Characteristics Of Romantic And Familial Love
Love is a unique aspect of the human condition that does not seem to exist in any other lifeform. In
spite of this, like many other traits that stem from evolution, it is likely that love is a product of that
process as well. Regardless of whether it is subconscious or not, romantic and familial love seem to
go hand in hand as people tend to seek qualities that may benefit a future family. It can be argued
that the sensation felt by a large majority of the population, love, can be attributed to the selfish
genes that inhabit the body. For the sake of argument, love can be described as the relationship
between people and their concern for each other. Dawkins introduces processes like kin selection,
mating strategies, and reciprocal altruism which may play a role in both romantic and familial love.
To summarize these processes: kin selection is when an organism risks their own well–being for a
relative to increase the likelihood of gene replication, mating strategies describe the methods in
which an organism uses to attract a mate, and reciprocal altruism is acting in a manner that
temporarily reduces one's well–being with the assumption that the apparent act of altruism will be
reciprocated.
Perhaps the most obvious example of kin selection is observed in familial relationships. Members of
the family typically have a greater degree of care for each other in comparison to those unrelated.
This love, or in this case, this concern for those related can be explained using the

Why Is Familial Searching Wrong

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

Similar to Why Is Familial Searching Wrong

Similar to Why Is Familial Searching Wrong (7)

More from Jessica Lopez

More from Jessica Lopez (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Why Is Familial Searching Wrong