Blood Splatter Inaccurate Evidence

Blood Splatter Inaccurate Evidence
Crime investigation is a tricky thing. Often times there's piles upon piles of evidence, but sometimes
there's nothing but a crimson smear on the back of a couch. The process can take years too, due to
insufficient evidence. But what if there was a way to make it easier? With a drop of blood scientists
can paint whole pictures. If blood can do so much with so little, it's crazy to say it's not valuable
evidence in a crime scene.
Blood splatter can verify the position of the people involved in the crime, as well as give clues on
how people were injured or died. Mainly, blood splatter eliminates many possibilities. It can show
injuries the victim had, what happened as they were dying, and the angle the crime happened at
(McShane) To further add on, blood splatter produces "spines" when dropped. Scientists determined
that counting the "spines" determine what height and speed the blood fell down at (Powell). This can
prove invaluable in crime. Not only does the blood splatter eliminate ... Show more content on
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This may have been a problem in the mid–20th century, but now CSI's are taking extra steps to
insure blood is reliable. Science Daily reported that chemists from South Carolina invented a camera
that takes pictures of blood stains, both visible and invisible, without human intervention (Seeing the
invisible: New 'CSI tool' visualizes bloodstains and other substances). If people can't contaminate
the sample because of the camera, blood's reliability shoots up. Unclean labs aren't an issue "leading
laboratories use strict–control protocols...and design their environmental systems appropriately"
(Hunter). Plus, crime scenes themselves are cleaner. Investigators are becoming more cautious and
wearing gloves, masks, and gowns at all times. If investigators are more cautious, and don't touch
the blood, the likelihood of blood being tampered with is very
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

The Bloodstain Patterns
The bloodstain pattern that is on this towel is a part of the class and individual characteristics. The
reason this bloodstain is apart of both characteristics, because for the class characteristics, it has
measurable features of an item that indicate a restricted group source based on design factors
determined prior to manufacture, and must also be shown to be like or consistent with a questioned
source, although not uniquely identifiable with that source This bloodstain is questionable because,
it could belong to an outstanding variety of species. It could be human, and/or it could be an animal,
there is no way of knowing unless you do further testing. The reason it is individual characteristic
because marks on an object produced

Forensic Science : Bloodstain Pattern Analysis
Amy Wooten
K. Colwell
CTE Advanced Studies
(DATE)
Forensic Science: Bloodstain Pattern Analysis Imagine walking into a crime scene and the first thing
you see is blood covering the floor, walls and ceiling. Most people wouldn't realize the type of
valuable and important information that this evidence holds in a crime scene. Those who are in the
career of bloodstain pattern analysis are able to take a look at the bloodstain patterns and unveil
many important factors of how the crime occurred. Blood
stain pattern analysis is employed
worldwide by scientists, police officials and medics. The International Association of Bloodstain
Pattern Analysts is the organization for bloodstain pattern analysts and offers various forms of ...
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The different shapes and sizes of blood spatter can determine the force, weight and shape of the
weapon that was used. For example, medium–velocity stains are most likely created by a blunt
object, a fist, or even a violent spray from a severed artery while high–velocity blood spatter that
creates tiny droplets is more likely to be from a gunshot wound.
There are three main types of blood patterns seen at a crime scene which included blood spatter
patterns, blood drip stains and blood transfer patterns. Blood spatter patterns are what most people
think about when asked to describe a crime scene. They picture blood being splattered over the walls
as if someone was to be shot in the head but that isn't always the case. One of the first common
types of blood patterns are droplets. Blood spatter droplets have been acted on by forces other than
gravity. It could be off of a weapon or the spraying from a victim onto a surface. The shape and size
of the droplets can help to determine the positioning of a victim, the type of weapon that was used
and the force used in the crime. The second common type of blood patterns are drips. Blood drip
stains appear when only gravity works on the blood. It could fall from an open wound from the
victim/criminal or drip off of a piece of clothing or a weapon. These types of patterns can help to
determine the direction and at what speed the person/object was

Blood Spatter Analysis Essay
Introduction
Blood Spatter Analysis (BPA) is a forensic technique to interpret bloodstain in order to understand
and recreate a crime scene that involve blood–shedding event. BPA is regarded as a very crucial
process in crime investigation as it provides evidence in easing a trial process in court. The BPA was
considered as a significant area of science in crime investigation only after the year of 1955, even
though, the first study was dated back in the late 1890. There are several questions arise in blood–
shedding event, such as the origin of the blood, the cause of the wound, the direction of the spatter,
the position of the victim during the event, the movement of victim after the event, and most
importantly is that does the evidence interpreted by the Blood Spatter Analyst is valid to support the
case. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Amongst technique applied to gain an inference of an event is by using Stringing Method in order to
obtain information on the position of the victim and the direction of attack. The blood impacted on a
hard surface at an angle gives a characteristic of 'head–and–tail' shape, and the direction of blood
droplets move in inferred from the direction of the tail formed on the surface. Figure 1 shows the
impact direction of the blood droplet.
Figure 1. (a)Ellipse formed upon impact. (b) Direction deduced from the formation of the tail.
As an approximation, minor axis always indicated the original diameter of the droplet and major
axis and the tail formation showing the direction of the impact. Figure 2 below shows the stringing
method to deduce the position of victim during the scene. Figure 2. Stringing Method
As shown in the figure 2 above, the position of the victim during the scene was deduced by joining
string from multiple drops of blood that impacted the wall according to the direction of individual
drops.
2 Previous

Bloodstain Pattern Analysis Paper
Bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA) is a visually intensive forensic discipline that dedicates its
resources to the deterministic signs of a violent crime (James, Kish, & Sutton, 2005). BPA seeks to
define the facts surrounding an incident in question helping define an objective history for an event
(Bevel, & Gardner, 2008). Bloodstain pattern analysis is based on a simple theory stating that the
fluid characteristics of blood will react to any external forces in a predictable and plausible fashion.
(James, Nordby, & Bell, 2014). In due course, these bloodstain patterns define the nature of the
event that created them which subsequently the analyst evaluates to determine the "static aftermath"
of the event (Bevel, & Gardner, 2008). In sum, BPA can be defined as a deductive and inductive
analysis following the scientific method ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As such it incorporates a vast array of disciplines, such as biology and physics and further applies
this knowledge to the realm of forensic science (Bevel, & Gardner, 2008). BPA can be directly
accomplished through the analysis of physical evidence at the crime scene in conjunction with
photography, and/or through the thorough examination of other classes of physical evidence, such as
weaponry and clothing (James, Kish, & Sutton, 2005). The analysis of bloodstain patterns provide
the investigators of an incident with an extensive assortment of information relative to
reconstructing the crime scene (Karger, 2008). Information provided can extend from the
positioning of the victim during the bloodshed, the movements of the perpetrator, the mechanisms to
which produced the bloodstains, and so forth (James, Kish, & Sutton, 2005). Therefore, the
application of BPA assists the investigator in answering what events had occurred and in what
sequential manner, where the events occurred and where people were situated, and what did not
occur (James, Kish, & Sutton,

Bloodstain Analysis Lab Report
Can the angle of a fatal blow be determined by the locations of the victim's bloodstains? I will be
comparing multiple bloodstains to one another and measuring them, trying to determine the angle at
which I struck the "victim" (a kitchen sponge). This practice, called bloodstain analysis, is used by
forensic investigators to determine the cause, position, and even time of death. I believe that by
using trigonometry, I will be able to establish the angles at which I hit each sponge. I will repeat the
experiment multiple times, and each blow will be delivered from a different angle. Each spatter of
blood will be measured in centimeters and millimeters; the angles will be written in degrees. To
begin my experiment, I will need to purchase a few items. A tarp is necessary to cover the floors of
my house so as to not stain the carpet. I will also have to purchase latex gloves and goggles to
prevent my hands from staining and from getting fake blood in my eyes. Adhesive circles, sponges,
and string will also need to be purchased, as well as the following components for producing my
fake blood: food coloring (red and green), cornstarch, corn syrup, and something with which to
measure out all ingredients. Finally, I must gather the subsequent items from around my home:
white letter–sized copy paper, a hammer, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I must be careful not to use too much or too little; the sponge must be damp with "blood," but a
different amount could mess up the desired effect. Once I am satisfied with the moistness of the
sponge, I will put it on the edge of the X and whack it with my hammer. The blood should spatter all
over the papers taped to the wall, producing a splotchy pattern. I will then remove the sponge, and
as I wait for the "blood" to dry, I will use my camera to take pictures of the spatter, and I will note
any observances I make in my

Essay on Forensic Science: Blood Spatter Analyst
Blood Spatter Analyst Forensic science is a key aspect of Criminal Justice that helps rid the streets
of lunatics and murderers. One of the most important fields of forensic science is blood spatter
analysis. Under the Crime Scene Investigation, analysts gather the information that could eventually
lead to a victim's killer. Basic and complex information can be found when analyzing blood. We can
learn what kind of weapon was used, the time of death of a victim and other important facts that can
help a case. The pattern that the blood gives off give forensic scientists the tools that they need to
help solve cases. Investigators can find clues from a murder through a number of different ways.
Typically they find out how many times ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Projected stains are made from uses of large amounts of force. A basic bloodstain pattern is known
as transfer or contact. These are made when someone walks through a puddle of blood leaving
footsteps or trails. Gunshot spatters are very common in crime scenes, and give off a sort of mist
effect. Sources of blood can reveal the origins of whatever it is investigators are looking for. (Renee
Blake) If someone was interested in pursuing a career in forensics they would need a strong stomach
or hardy exterior. The scenes can be gruesome and this job isn't for everybody. Also work
environment involves visiting morgues with hundreds of dead bodies. A quality that is needed in this
field is composure. Things do tend to happen so forensics and other technicians have to refrain
themselves and get the job done. Critical thinking and problems solving skills are very important
when solving cases that deal with quick decision making and the need of good judgment. Every
analyst needs to be detail oriented because they need to notice the small things in order to collect
good data. Requirements for this field of work consist of having a bachelor's degree. Math,
chemistry, biology and physics are important courses to take when studying for criminal justice.
Other requirements can include a number of hours in seminars and workshops. Moderate terms of
on job training can refine an individual's skills giving them a better and wider range in the field.

Importance Of Crime Scene Reconstruction
Crime scene reconstruction is one of many profiling techniques used to build a profile for an
offender or to solve a crime. Crime scene reconstruction uses forensic science. First Assumptions
are made about how the crime was carried out. Then deductive and inductive reasoning is used to
support the theory of how the crime occurred. All piece of evidence at the crime scene is Analyzed.
Investigators will conduct interviews of the victim if alive, or potential witness, family members and
close friends. The Crime scene must be photographed and the locations of all objects of the crime
scene are documented. It's important that nothing at the crime since is move till photos and taken. It
is important that everything is the same because it ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Pattern evidence also results from the fracture, breaking or cutting of an object. bloodstain patterns,
glass fracture patterns, fire burn patterns, furniture position patterns, Tire or skid mark patterns
clothing article damage, and injury or wound patterns. Are the most common patterns that
investigators will study to build a profile. Recognition to Identification to Individualization to
Interpretation then to Reconstruction are the basic stages of reconstruction of pattern evidence.
Basic bloodstain patterns can give investigators vital information about a crime scene. For a while
law enforcement was not a big on using bloodstain patterners to solve crimes, but now they use the
method more and more. Bloodstain pattern analysis gives you facts surrounding the crime scene by
using the physical nature of the bloodstain. The evaluation of bloodshed is to determine the actions
that created the bloodstains at the crime scene. The size, shape, and distribution of bloodstains found
at a crime scene can be used to remodel the event that took place. Bloodstain can be tested too for
DNA that will tell you if all the blood is come for one person or if someone else in object used to
cause bloodshed. Those are just some of the example that reconstruction can be used to study
bloodstains. Bloodstain patters fall into three different categories. The dropping bloodstain patterns,
impacted bloodstain spatters, and special bloodstain configuration. The dropping blood

Bloodstain Pattern Analysis Essay
Introduction
Bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA) is a subspecialty of forensic sciences, dealing with the analysis
and interpretation of bloodstain patterns in crime scenes. The aim of BPA is uncovering new
information about the actions that took place in a crime scene, potentially leading to a confirmation
or refutation of a suspect's statement. A typical goal of BPA is to estimate the flight paths for a set of
stains, followed by a directional analysis in order to estimate the area of origin for the stains. The
traditional approach, referred to as stringing, consists of attaching a piece of string to each stain.
A correct distinction between bloodstain patterns formed by ''contact transfer'and''spatter'' can be
essential for the accurate ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A 50W Quartz Tungsten Halogen (QTH) white light source was used for sample illumination. We
can use ChemImage Xpert software for the instrumentation during data collection. Because of the
strongly absorbing nature of the denim fabric, a longer exposure time was required to achieve a
suitable signal, as compared with the T–shirt sample. Because the bloodstain pattern on the denim
sample could not be resolved using the NIR region of the spectrum, a short–wave infrared (SWIR)
CONDOR Hyperspectral Imaging System (960–1650nm) was also used to collected NIR range
would yield greater contrast. As with the NIR CONDOR, a QTH white light lamp was utilized for
sample illumination. The experiment parameters for both NIR and SWIR data collection are listed in
Table

Bloodstain Pattern Paper
When bloodstain pattern analysts are analyzing bloodstains, there are several factors that they must
take into consideration. Surface tension and texture are some of these factors that must be observed
when examining bloodstain patterns. Surface tension is a property of a liquid that is responsible for
the attraction between the molecules of the liquid and makes it contract and assume the smallest
possible shape. (J Slemko Forensic Consulting Inc, page) . When blood hits a hard smooth surface,
surface tension causes the blood drops to hold together and appear circular.
(http://www.clt.uwa.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/2301650/fsb05.pdf). Blood that hits a
linoleum surface will be somewhat distorted and have "scalloping" around its peripheral edges (J
Slemko Forensic Consulting Inc, page). There will be a lot of distortion and satellite stains when
blood is dropped onto wood or ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The angle of impact is the acute angle that is formed when a blood drop strikes a target (Mrs.Moore,
2013, slide 12 ) . Blood that drops from a 90o angle will form a circular bloodstain and will have a
equal length and width. (J Slemko Forensic Consulting Inc, page). However, blood is dropped from
an angle less than 90o will form an elliptical shape and point in the opposite direction from which
the blood originally came from (J Slemko Forensic Consulting Inc, page). The more the angle of
impact decreases, the more the stain is an ellipse
(http://www.clt.uwa.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/2301650/fsb05.pdf). Height has an affect on
bloodstain patterns too. The higher the blood falls from, the more satelline splatter will be created
(http://www.clt.uwa.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/2301650/fsb05.pdf). The more satelline
splatter will make the overall stain larger, which is why a blood that fell from 50 cm will create a
smaller strain than blood fell from

Oldest And Most Important Disciplines Of Forensics
1. Abstract
Bloodstain pattern analysis is one of the oldest and most important disciplines of forensics. Its
importance and validation increases when used in combination with other evidence in court.
2. Introduction
Bloodstain pattern analysis is the interpretation of bloodstains found at a crime scene where a
bloodshed incident had occurred. Bloodstain pattern analysis can define events that could or could
not have occurred during the incident. This means that it is possible to sequence multiple events
associated with this incident. Bloodstains are reproducible phenomena when a similar environment
is used, hence the possibility of reconstructing a crime scene.1
Bloodstain pattern analysis uses principles of biology, physics and mathematics.2 It considers blood
behaviour, cohesion, capillary action, velocity, geometry, distance and angle. External forces such as
impact and accelerated motion, cohesive forces due to surface tension and viscosity, gravity and air
resistance will affect blood in a predictable way. This allows the analyst to determine the general
nature of the event that occurred, based on the physical characteristics of bloodstain patterns.1
Reconstructing a crime scene using BPA is of high importance, since it will help include or exclude
a potential perpetrator from the investigation.
2. Background
Bloodstain pattern analysis depends on the perception and the ability of the analyst to have an
objectified opinion. Therefore, a true taxonomic BPA

The Problem Of A Criminal Trial Under South Australian Law
lood. Sticky, hot, messy, awful blood. For most of us, the sight of it turns the stomach, but in the
court of law, blood can tell a lot more about a crime scene than you might think. Forensic bloodstain
pattern analysis (BPA) is the interpretation of bloodstains for the purpose of reconstructing the
events that took place in the case of violent crimes. Using the sciences of fluid dynamics and
trigonometry, BPA examiners form opinions about what did or did not happen by examining
elements of the stains such as the size, shape, distribution and location of the bloodstains. Following
the analysis of the crime scene, BPA examiners then prepare to present often–critical evidence to a
jury in the court of law. "In many cases including here in Australia BPA is essential and pivotal to
the investigation" and can contribute greatly to the outcome of a criminal trial under South
Australian law.
Bloodstain Pattern Principals
To understand how analysts interpret bloodstains, one must first understand the basic properties of
blood. Blood contains both liquid (plasma and serum) and solids (red blood cells, white blood cells,
platelets and proteins). Blood is in a liquid state when inside the body, and when it exits the body, it
does so as a liquid. However, this liquid state does not last very long after the blood leaves the body.
Except for people with hemophilia, blood will begin to clot within a few minutes, forming a dark,
shiny gel–like substance that grows more solid as time

In Opposition of Bloodstain Pattern Analysis
Historically, we know that a bloodstain pattern analysis dates back to the 1800s, but lately has it
been subject to rigorous authentication. "At this time very little is known about this beyond the
instincts of knowledgeable instructors and investigators who have observed the reproducibility of
bloodstain patterns over many crime scenes and practical sessions in the classroom." DNA analysis
now used to identify who bled at a crime scene, but bloodstain pattern analysis is still a vital tool.
For instance, it is common for a suspect to claim that he was stained by a victim's blood while trying
to render aid. In that instance, using bloodstain pattern analysis to figure out how the blood got on
him ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The reason is simple: Bloodstains can tell you only so much about who committed a crime, or how.
Some experts, such as Tom Bevel, who is an Oklahoma–based expert in bloodstain patterns, have
tried to use bloodstain forensics to rebuild where blood came from and by what method. "In recent
years, flawed blood–spatter evidence has led to at least three wrongful convictions across the
country, from North Carolina to Indiana." Though this number of wrongful convictions may not
seem important considering the amount of trials and convictions that occur throughout the United
States, it does remind us to weigh the evidence in scientific and more objective ways. Mann goes on
to state that:
In 2009, the National Academy of Sciences released findings from the most extensive study ever
conducted of forensic evidence in American courtrooms. The authors did not think much of blood–
spatter analysis, writing that the "uncertainties associated with bloodstain pattern analysis are
enormous," and concluding that the opinions of blood–spatter experts like Bevel are "more
subjective than

Blood Spatter Analysis Essay
Running Head: Blood Splatter Analysis
Blood Spatter Analysis Kenisha Callahan AJS 592 Dr. Steven Gilbert
Blood Spatter Analysis Blood spatter analysis is "the systematic assessment of the visual patterns of
bloodstains at crime scenes based on the physics of fluids" (Brodbeck, 2012, p. 51). It has been
studied since 1895 when Dr. Eduard Piotrowski published "Concerning the Origin, Shape, Direction
and Distribution of the Bloodstains Following Head Wounds Caused by Blows." The next
acknowledgment of BPA was in 1955 when Dr. Paul Kirk entered blood splatter evidence in the
State of Ohio v. Samuel Sheppard case. Dr. Herbert ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
All of this information together assists investigators to reconstruct crime scenes, corroborate witness
statements, and exclude or include suspects in the investigation.
Blood characteristics upon striking hard surfaces Blood spatter can fall on a number of surface
textures. The type of surface the blood falls on has an affect on how the spatter will appear. The
harder the surface, the fewer spatters there will be. When blood hits a surface which is hard and
smooth, the blood breaks apart on impact. This causes smaller droplets that continue to move in the
same direction as the original droplet. According to Ramsland (2014), A smooth surface, such as
glass, will provide the recording of a stain with clean edges and shapes of proper geometric
proportion. A rough surface, like concrete, will break the surface tension irregularly and generate a
star burst, or spinning effect. (Blood Pattern Analysis)
Challenges of blood spatter analyst A bloodstain pattern analyst can't simply look at drips and
smears of blood and immediately tell you what happened, when it happened, and who committed
the crime. It takes time and is only one piece of many when piecing together what happened in a
crime. However, when bloodstain pattern analysis is corroborated with other evidence it may lead
investigators to additional clues. Bloodstain pattern analyst may face many challenges when
examining crime scenes. One of the challenges they are faced with is interacting

Blood Spatter Research Paper
The pattern of the blood spatter and the quantity of blood present can give clues as to the nature of
the incident. For instance if a victim had been stabbed or shot or any other injury, the blood spatter
pattern can reveal the origin of the blood.
1. If passive bloodstains are found in the crime scene then, a blood stain was created by the force of
gravity. If there is a pool of blood, the source of blood is stationery. In the case of drip pattern, the
bloodstain results from blood dripping. If there is a flow pattern it is due to the effect of gravity or
the movement of the object.
2. Projected bloodstains occur as a result of the transfer of energy to a blood source.
If there is high velocity impact spatter, this would have resulted

Blood Spatter
The understanding of blood spatter patterns is not a widely recognized forensic practice. Bloodstain
pattern interpretation (BPI) is commonly used in murder investigations, but could be utilized in
everything from simple assault to mass murders if the number of trained professionals increased.
BPI can reveal critical information into reinventing a given crime scene. Everything from the
number of blows, stabs or shots a victim was given, the movement that was undergone by the victim
and assailant after bloodshed began, position of objects at the crime scene and the type of weapon, if
any, that was used can be uncovered. Blood differs from water in that it is a less viscous liquid. The
teardrop that is formed by rain is not formed by ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is flung off the weapon or tool during and after the act as a result of centrifugal force. Cast–off
spatter is often elliptical in shape which is why it is easily confused with arterial spurting (Sutton,
1998). However, it can also resemble a typical medium velocity droplet any time the blood hits a
surface. For example, a blow to the top of the head with an over head strike or simply cast off
forming from blood dripping off a weapon after use will result in a similar pattern to a medium or
low velocity droplet. Smooth metallic weaponry used will generate a more profound pattern than a
textured weapon. In other words an aluminum baseball bat will yield a greater amount of cast off
blood than a wooden baseball bat. All these elements are important in uncovering the truth behind a
crime scene, and in a controlled environment seem simple. Implementing these techniques in an
actual situation is more difficult as crime scenes are all unique. A multitude of elements need to be
considered before forming an opinion from blood spatter. Spot size, quantity, shape, distribution,
location, AOI, and target surface are only a few of these elements. As with other types of forensic
science negative evidence can be used in BPI. Void is the absence of blood spatter in an otherwise
continuous pattern. This leads evidence leads us to believe that an object or person has blocked the
blood from striking the surface observed. Judging from

Forensics of Blood
Forensics of Blood Blood evidence is the most common, most recognized and possibly most
important evidence in the world of criminal justice. Throughout the history of violent and fatal
crimes, bloodstain evidence has recently begun to emerge as a recognized forensic skill. "Blood is
one of the most significant and frequently encountered types of physical evidence associated with
forensic investigation of death and violent crime" (Eckert & James, 11). When a violent crime
has been committed, blood is commonly left behind at the scene of the crime. This blood evidence
allows police investigators to piece together the events of the crime. The texture, size, shape, and
distribution of the blood can be used to determine when the crime ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
After spraying luminol, in a darkened room, the luminol will react with the iron in the hemoglobin
of the blood which catalyzes the luminescence. This reaction causes the emission of a blue glow
lasting for approximately 30 seconds. Although luminol is useful in detecting small traces of blood,
there are some disadvantages to using it. One disadvantage is the sensitivity of the solution and the
blood itself. "75 years ago, luminol was introduced to the forensic field as a blood search technique.
Since its introduction, much investigation has been done to enhance the solution in order to get a
longer and more intense/brighter luminescence reaction with the blood. Besides the importance of
the pH–level of the solution, most of these investigations came to the conclusion that adding more
chemicals and/or solution enhances the brightness and duration of the reaction. However, this
process also potentially damages the DNA and bloodstain pattern itself. Up till now, hardly any
investigation has been done into the enhancement of the catalyst in this reaction process: the blood
(haemoglobin) itself" (Eversdijk, 12). The chemiluminescence of luminol can occasionally be
activated by compounds containing copper, bleaching chemicals, animal blood, fecal matter, semen,
and even saliva. To determine if a substance is blood, forensic investigators can perform other tests.
The Kastle–Meyer test is another

Beaten by a Hair
Introduction
The case I chose to write on is based on a DVD that we watched in class called 'Beaten by a hair'. In
this case, a woman was reported missing after she went to work and never returned home. After the
police discovered a bloody pillow case in the woods, near her house, they linked it to the missing
pillow case in the woman's room, and then realized that they had a murder case on their hands. A
mystery in the case was that one of the local neighbors had mentioned seeing the woman leave
through the front door of her house but the evidence says different, so investigators had to find out
who left the house that morning. I am interested in this case because it was very intriguing how the
forensic officers put all the pieces ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
294). This means even after a week the blood has been cleaned up, luminol can still detect it. Also
after applying luminol, the area needs to be darkened so that blue glow can be emitted. "The iron
from the hemoglobin in the blood causes luminol to glow, so a blue glow is produced when the
solution is sprayed where there is blood. Only a tiny amount of iron is required to catalyze the
reaction" (Helmenstine, 2012). The use of luminol revealed that there were blood stains on the bed
sheets and suspected that the woman was killed in her bedroom and that she did not go to work that
day or leave the house.
Upon further analysis of the woman's bedroom, the forensic officers used a chemical called amido
black. Amido black is a protein dye that is sensitive to the protein in blood and when it makes
contact stains a latent blue–black colour. It is used for revealing fingerprints, trace evidence, and
fibers that may be in the crime scene. This technique was not useful for the officers because they
could not find any prints or evidence. The forensic officers also performed an ultraviolet light test
which was used to reveal trace evidence such as vaginal fluid, urine, semen, or saliva. The
ultraviolet test is usually done before using chemicals such as luminol to see if there are any fibers
to be found and used first. However the officers were not able to find anything, but this method was
useful to them because they could not find any evidence to prove that

Forensic Science : The Fastest Growing Criminal Justice Field
Indescribably, technology has entered every aspect of our life and to no surprise has become almost
futuristic as it helps define our crime solving abilities. Forensics actually is the fastest growing
criminal justice field in America. Seemingly always in the background, forensics is a major part of
our criminal justice systems as a whole. Forensic Science has contributed to our world a great deal
in multiple ways, and very significant ways. By the close of the 20th century, forensic scientists had
a wealth of high–tech tools at their disposal for analyzing evidence from polymerase chain reaction
(PCR) for DNA analysis, to digital fingerprinting techniques with computer search capabilities
(Stephanie). To start off, Criminal Investigation is the largest and most known form of Forensic
Science. Some of the more known areas include Fingerprinting, Ballistics, DNA Identification, Fiber
Samples, Computer Animation, and Documentation analysis.
To get this out of the way in the beginning, what you saw on last night 's Law and Order is far from
the truth. People often misunderstand Forensic Science and believe it is much more advanced than it
really is. As a matter of fact, what you see on T.V. is not only fabricated because well, it's a Tv show,
but is taken out of context and twisted to become entertainment. Things they can apparently
accomplish in a matter of hours realistically take months at a time, and most of the time these things
aren 't even plausible concepts.

Bloodstain Pattern Analysis Paper
BackTrack is another bloodstain pattern analysis automation software program that aids in crime
scene reconstruction. A crime scene where bloodstains only from downward–moving drops are
available can be analyzed by this program. Spatter evidence can be digitally and graphically
analyzed using this program by using what is known as "visual strings". By entering the width,
length, direction, and position of each blood droplet into the computer, the software calculates an
angle of path for each droplet then projects a flight path backward from each. The position of the
wound can be determined by analyzing where two or more of the projections intersect. Directional
Analysis is used to determine virtual string directions for each bloodstain that

Criminal Evidence Analysis
Long again before DNA was founded detectives relied on their own instincts, witnesses, and suspect
confession to solve a crime. "The past decade has seen great advances in a powerful criminal justice
tool: deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA. DNA can be used to identify criminals with incredible
accuracy when biological evidence exists. By the same token, DNA can be used to clear suspects
and exonerate persons mistakenly accused or convicted of crimes. In all, DNA technology is
increasingly vital to ensuring accuracy and fairness in the criminal justice system"(justice.gov,2014).
In today's world of crimes nothing has been founded more reliable in court than a DNA evidence.
Evidence can include weapons, tape recorder, photographs, ... Show more content on
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Some evidence needs to "breath"or dry (for example,blood or semen stains), and a paper container
will be needed for that evidence . Each item of evidence must be packaged and preserved separately,
so as not to contaminate or confuse.Evidence should never be mixed" (Buckles,2007). If a CSI is
assigned to collect a wet bloodstained clothing from an assault victim who suffered facial
lacerations and minor stab wounds to the torso, the photographs should be taken pictures of the
scene before collecting evidence. First, to collect the wet bloodstained clothing it important to place
each item in a clean unused paper, or plastic bag. Moreover, clothing bloodstain should be packaged
in a paper bag or plastic bag to avoid contamination of other items. In addition, transport the
package to a secured lab as soon as possible where the items need to be taken out of the bag to
thoroughly air dry and examine. If a CIS can not transport the item to a lab right away it is very
important to place the blood item in a refrigerator until it can be transported to the crime lab. The
main purpose of evidence tag and labeling items found in sence is so that it will be easy to identify
later on as the case

The Examination Of Forensic Science
Science is frequently viewed as a way to examine the world and its contiguous atmosphere. Coming
from the word scientia, which is Latin and means knowledge, science is a methodical readiness that
creates and arranges information in the form of testable justifications and expectations about the
world that we know. Many ideas fall directly into this category. Because of this, a lot of notions and
concepts can be categorized as a science discipline. It is apparent that certain science disciplines
examine different features and functionalities of the universe. One specific science that is
exceptionally captivating and enticing is the idea of forensics. Forensic science is a systematic
technique of collecting and investigating evidence about previous events. The idea of forensic
science however is a comprehensive discipline and can be fragmented down into numerous
classifications. Forensic science can be distributed into such groupings as forensic psychology,
forensic anthropology, forensic biology, and even, but not limited to forensic biology. The
examination of forensic chemistry is unbelievably beneficial since it can be used in many aspects in
life and can even be considered as a career path. One of the prime professional openings for a path
in forensic chemistry is aiding and functioning with law enforcement administrators. Forensic
chemistry within law enforcement is of tremendous importance since the majority of seized
evidence may be evaluated that way.

Bloodstain Pattern Analysis
When I get out of highschool I would like to be a bloodstain pattern analysis, because i just love
crime scenes and blood of course you kinda have to love blood to do this type of work. A bloodstain
pattern analysis is the interpretation of bloodstains at a crime scene in order to recreate the actions
that caused the bloodshed. After you've seen the crime scene you have to give a blood report which
is what type of weapon was used during this murder or altercation, you have to see if there is a
blood trail to see where the body is or was and so see how far they travelled after after the hit. Blood
spatter analysts provide an extremely important service in specific areas of law enforcement,
particularly those departments that deal with homicide and violent crime. Blood spatter analysis is a
specialty rooted in details, sometimes involving very little blood at all. ... Show more content on
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All science uses math concepts and equations, and forensic scientists are well educated in
mathematical concepts they use to analyze evidence from crime scenes. There is a lot of math used
in blood spatter such like measurements, for example if there is a bloody shoe print a at crime scene
it will help them by knowing the exact length of the shoe print could later help rule out crime
suspects whose shoes are the wrong size. Forensic scientists use not only measurements, but
proportions in their analyses. If a human leg bone is discovered in an unmarked grave, for example,
forensic scientists use math equations to determine what proportion, or percentage, of a person's
overall height the leg bone would be. Trigonometry, the study and measurement of triangles, is
another common use of math in forensic science. Blood spatter analysts, for example, use
trigonometry in their study of how blood from a human injury splatters on a wall or other

Blood Splatter Analysis Essay
Bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA), known in the criminal justice field as blood splatter analysis, has
been studied since the 1890s. Blood splatter, or bloodstain pattern constructional readings, is a
technique that seeks to piece together the incident that caused an individual's bleeding.
Understanding blood splatter on a wall or various surfaces can be instrumental in formulating if a
crime was committed and if the blood discovered at the crime scene can be used as evidence. The
first documentation of blood splatter research occurred at the Institute for Forensic Medicine in
Poland, by Dr. Eduard Piotrowski . During Dr. Piotrowski's research and documentation period,
where he used live bunnies to research blood splatter from head ... Show more content on
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This test is portable and may be done at the crime scene. Once tests have determined the presence of
blood, more will be completed in the lab to determine if the blood is animal or human. Other tests
will determine the DNA, which can point the investigator to specific individuals. The completion of
the actual splatter analysis is done by a forensic scientist who establishes the path of the blood and
how it spread over the surface in question. The direction of movement can be determined by
measuring the shape of the bloodstain on a surface. This will also show the approximate speed at
which the blood contacted the surface, assists in distinguishing between the rapid movement of
blood (produced by a gunshot, severing of a main artery), or slower movement of blood from a
minor cut. The origination of blood can be determined by analyzing the size and location of the
blood drops. A strong force of impact will cause the blood to break up into smaller drops. Blood
splatter made up of larger drops with a path of smaller drops can show evidence about how the
blood got there and where the blood came from. An experienced blood splatter expert relies on their
eyes and their training in the final analysis, but will also use other tools such as specialized
computer programs which can help in legal cases . New technologies and methods concerning blood
splatter have slowly evolved, but a most

Research Paper On Luminol
How does it work and what is the science behind it?
Luminol is a chemical that helps crime investigator and detectives find blood or traces of blood not
visible in a crime scene. The way it works is, after you spray the reagent in the suspected area, it
illuminates a bright blue that can be seen in the dark. The science behind this blood detection
technique is that luminol reacts with iron found in hemoglobin, thus making invisible or suspected
bloodshed visible to the crime investigator (How Does...).
The main part of this reaction and also the way light is produced is when the iron in the blood
oxidizes with luminol, resulting in an electronically charged particle, known as 3– amino phthalate,
which then produces the blue light that we see (Micheal Seery).
Is luminol successful in detecting blood compared to other chemicals that do the same thing? What
are its limitations?
Luminol: Strengths
a) Since it comes in a spray bottle, you can quickly spray over large areas effortlessly.
b) The surfaces or articles that have been sprayed with Luminol are not corroded or stained in any
way. This is especially important when investigators want to keep the article or photograph the
surface as proof of evidence.
c) Luminol does not destroy the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Since forensic science relies highly on precision and accuracy, it requires many expensive machines
and equipment to carry out investigations. Another fact is that since science is changing everyday,
new improvements and discoveries are made, therefore requiring a change in the machinery to be as
accurate as possible. Some forensic are government owned, making it very difficult to get state of
the art equipment that is needed in this field, as these kind of labs heavily rely on government funds.
This is a disadvantage, because it forces the scientists to use cheap materials and equipment, which
result in a lot of mistakes and inaccuracy (History

Bloodstain Patterns Analysis Essay
Overview
Hollywood holds a notorious reputation for exaggerating scenes of criminal investigation with the
intention to evoke drama for the viewer (Saferstein, 2015, p. 5). From the identification of evidence,
to the handling etiquette of crime scenes – the exaggeration of various criminal investigation
procedures has lead to the formation of an idealized image of forensic analysis (FA) in the public
eye. It is an image that is arguably emotionally stimulating, but nonetheless, heavily inaccurate.
Amongst all of the various fields of FA, Bloodstain Pattern Analysis (BPA) is arguably one of the
most inaccurately portrayed types of FA in Hollywood films. This includes the duration of the
process, the measuring methods of patterns, the classification ... Show more content on
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During crime scene investigations, the goal of BPA is to correctly interpret any bloodstain patterns
discovered at the scene to pinpoint an approximate picture of how the crime actually occurred (Joris,
Develter, Jenar, Suetens, Vandermeulen, Voorde, & Claes, 2015, p. 116). The significance of
correctly analyzing these bloodstains could lead to the discoveries of new evidence for court cases,
as well as inevitably increasing the possibility of catching the suspect (Miller, 2008, p. 142).
Overall, both the Pattern Analyst and BPA are crucial for the serious crime section and should never
be overlooked in any forensic

Splatter: Why Do Blood Patterns Work?
Blood Splatter According to the National Forensic Science Technology Center "blood behaves
according to certain scientific principles, trained bloodstain pattern analysts can examine the blood
evidence left behind and draw conclusions as to how the blood may have been shed (Crime Scene
Investigator Network). However, according to David A. Harris "the opinions of bloodstain pattern
analysts are more subjective than scientific" (David A. Harris). In the first episode of Dexter he is
explaining the blood stain patterns to the cop and what happened in the room. He tells the cop the
item used to commit the murder takes more pictures and makes a report of his findings. However, I
believe blood splatter analysis to solve a crime does not work because Dexter had a theory or
opinion about what happen and the Lt. Maria LeGuerta agreed with it. There was no scientific ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The patterns are based on opinion and have to deal with almost no scientific method. The patterns
benefits the prosecutors or defense attorney, but this can be very bias when trying to come up with a
theory. Dexter gave a great example of the procedure involved in showing how blood patterns work,
but also demonstrated how quickly the crime was solved because of one forensic technique. Blood
splatters sometimes are used to determine the whole scene of the case which can't happen because
they are only supposed to give an idea of what happen at certain moments of time because of where
the blood splatters occurred. In order to get this to work I believe there needs to be more than one
blood splatter analysis at the crime scene. Just to make sure two people are able to get the same
theory just by looking at the blood splatter patterns. I feel this is the best way so there won't be any
bias information. I also believe this shouldn't just be the main piece of evidence in order to solve a
crime just because this is based on

Blood Batter Analysis: Crime Scene Investigation Process
Blood spatter analysis is a very important and time–consuming part of the crime scene investigation
process. Blood spatter is a key component to have during a crime scene because it can answer so
many questions about the scene itself. "The interpretation of blood spatter patterns and other
evidence at crime scenes may reveal critically important information such as the positions of the
victim, assailant, and objects at the scene; the type of weapon that was used to cause the spatter; the
number of blows, shots, stabs, etc. that occurred; and the movement and direction of the victim and
assailant after bloodshed began. It may also support or contradict statements given by witnesses"
(Akin 2005). Being able to prove that much about a crime ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Without analysts who are trained in bloodstain, it would take investigators much longer to figure out
exactly what occurred in that specific crime scene. The procedure of blood spatter analysis helps
keep investigators from not missing anything in the crime scene because when an analyst comes in
they handle their job very carefully and precisely in every scene. This type of work has changed
forensics in the most positive way and without it cases may be unsolved or take a lot longer to
process. Being qualified in this job you must be really strong in mathematics because when working
with blood, analyst must measure and find the distance of the blood pattern very precisely to find
out exactly where the victim was killed. Once analyst measure the blood spatter very carefully, they
will then use string to help act out exactly how weapon was used to cause this type of blood spatter
on an object. Image 1 located on page 10 will show an example of the red string being used to help
analyst figure out how exactly the crime scene occurred. Once analyst have an idea what the weapon
is, they try to figure out every little detail about the weapon, such as brand, model, year, and exactly
where it was struck on the victim. By doing this they use a hollow spatter head, which is filled with
a

Forensic Science: Stopping the Crime Essays
Forensic Science, recognized as Forensics, is the solicitation of science to law to understand
evidences for crime investigation. Forensic scientists are investigators that collect evidences at the
crime scene and analyse it uses technology to reveal scientific evidence in a range of fields. Physical
evidence are included things that can be seen, whether with the naked eye or through the use of
magnification or other analytical tools. Some of this evidence is categorized as impression
evidence2.In this report I'll determine the areas of forensic science that are relevant to particular
investigation and setting out in what method the forensic science procedures I have recognized that
would be useful for the particular crime ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After s blood sample has been identified as a human origin, using Serological techniques biological
scientists can identify the individuals in whom blood group antigens are present in the blood sample
which is called ABO system. If needed the greater the number of independent factors such as
polymorphic protein and blood group that can be identified in a given blood sample. This
information can be used to clarify whether associate or disassociate a particular bloodstain with a
given individual ^1
And also scientists should concern about the blood stain pattern analysis. The first step of this
analysis is to understand the way in which particular bloodstain patterns have arisen. Bloodstain
patterns at crime scene to help reconstruct the event that occurred during the commission of a crime.
The important point of the crime is this blood sample is necessarily belong to the assailant which
means appropriate samples can be submitted for analysis, DNA profiling to understand the further
information about the assailant.
Using ski masks biological forensic scientist can make some hypothesis that ski masks can contain
saliva in it. Salvia performs a number of different functions. Presumptive test can be done to
examine salvia from the ski mask. To perform the test, a sample of the suspect stain is added to a
soluble starch solution. First add regent iodine, which can

Analysis And Interpretation Of Blood Evidence Left Behind...
Bloodstain pattern analysis is the examination and interpretation of blood evidence left behind at a
crime scene. It is based on the principles of biology (behavior of blood), physics (cohesion and
capillary action and velocity) and mathematics (geometry, distance, and angle) according to
National Forensic Science Technology Center (NFSTC) guide. The analyst is tasked with classifying
the type of bloodstain and assisting in reconstructing the events leading up to the act that caused the
bloodshed. This is accomplished by examining the size, shape, distribution and location of the
bloodstains. There are several different types of patterns, and spatter from the bloodstains can be
found on multiple surfaces in many different forms.
My focus is on blood spatter which is a common bloodstain that occurs when a blood source is met
with a certain level of force or impact. Origin and trajectory are crucial, complex components in
painting a picture of what happened. In Richard Safferstein's text (2011), Criminalistics: An
Introduction to Forensic Science, he explains that interpreting bloodstains can yield the following
information:
The direction from which blood originated
The angle at which a blood droplet struck a surface
The location or position of a victim at the time a bloody wound was inflicted
The movement of a bleeding individual at the crime scene
The minimum number of blows hat struck a bleeding victim
The approximate location of an individual

Bloodstain Pattern Analysis Investigation
a. RATIONALE:
It's not uncommon to find bloodstains at a crime scene, especially if a violent crime has been
committed. These bloodstains are crucial for forensic scientists because, when analyzed, they can
fill in details about the crime that was committed and even help investigators solve the case. Each
bloodstain is distinctive and it's size and shape is dependant upon several factors like velocity,
location, and angle of impact. For this experiment, I will be investigating bloodstain pattern
analysis, or BPA for short. Specifically, I will examining how impact angle affects the size and
shape of a blood spatter. This experiment, but more generally, BPA as a discipline is important to
maintain the foundation of the judicial system. This may seem like a bit of an exaggeration, but it
isn't. BPA allows criminal investigators to gain a better understanding of the scenario that occurred
at a crime scene by analyzing the distinct blood spatters left behind. With this information, the
investigators are then able to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I will be attempting to answer the question of how does the impact angle affect the size and shape of
a low velocity blood spatter? Going into my experiment, I believe that, as the angle of impact
decreases, the elongation of a low velocity blood spatter will increase and the spines and satellites of
the spatter will become more focused on the side opposite the angle of impact due to the
gravitational force acting upon the blood spatter. Therefore, I expect that, if the impact angle is 90°,
the blood spatter will be nearly spherical. The closer to zero that the impact angle becomes, the more
oval–like I will expect the spatter will become (i.e. it will become longer and narrower). I also
expect to see a distinct, though possibly small, change in shape at each level of the independent
variable because each consecutive variable will vary by

Bloodstain Pattern Analysis Lab
Bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA) is the interpretation of bloodstains at a crime scene in order to
recreate the actions that caused the bloodshed. Analysts examine the size, shape, distribution, and
location of the bloodstains to draw about what happened. BPA uses principles of biology (behavior
of blood), physics (cohesion, capillary action and velocity) and mathematics (geometry, distance,
and angle) to assist investigators in answering questions like:
From where did the blood originate from?
What was the cause of the bloodshed? (weapons used)
From what direction was the victim wounded?
What were the positions of the victim/ attacker during the bloodshed?
Did anyone/anything move around after the bloodshed?
How many possible ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Blood drops are falling freely and only moving because of the pull of gravity on it. At low
velocities, larger bloodstains are produced. Usually, low velocity bloodstains are a result of blood
dripping from a victim. Dripping blood often falls at a 90 angle. This causes a circular bloodstain to
form on the surface that hits it lands upon. The droplets range from 4mm–10mm. However, this
usually happens if the victim is not moving and completely still. If droplets are falling from a
moving object or person, (walking or running) they fall to the ground at an angle (see angle of
impact) and the direction of the movement can be established. Spines often appear on bloodstains
left behind and can be caused by drops repeatedly landing in the same place, by the distance the
drop falls (larger spines indicate larger distance), or by the surface upon which the blood lands
(rough surfaces cause more spines to form). Low velocity blood may also be found in the trail of a
person who is bleeding and larger pools of blood may indicate where the person

Blood Spatter Analysis In Criminal Justice
In my essay, I'm going to look into how blood spatter analysis is used in processing a crime scene
and how useful it is in finding and convicting a suspect. I will look into how important blood spatter
analysis is and what it can show within a crime scene. I believe that first I should give a clear
definition of blood spatter analysis. It is the examination of shapes, distribution patterns of
bloodstains in order to show an interpretation of the physical events that created them. First I'm
going to look at how blood spatter analysis is used in processing a crime scene. There are many
different points to blood spatter analysis such as; The interpretation of blood patterns found on items
of clothing, this interpretation can help determine things like; the position of the victim, so whether
they were standing, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It can tell the investigators with hand was holding the gun, but also reconstruct the position of the
gun when it was fired. This again could help determine the how a crime was committed, but also
with what weapon and by whom relating to angle of the gun. There was a study conducted by
(S.N.Kunz et al 2013). Were looked into an apparent suicide, which had unusual characteristics for a
suicide, which included an unusually blood spatter pattern on the man's hands, it was determined by
studying the crime scene photos and also the angle of the wound that the man did commit suicide,
however, the unusual pattern was caused by an abnormal position of the gun and supporting hand.
This can show that blood spatter analysis was needed to help determine the event. However it
should be taken into account that this was the findings of a few analysts and when it comes to blood
spatter analysis it is based on the analyst onion and interpretation of the

Blood Spatter Interpretation
Blood spatter interpretation is useful because it allows you to reconstruct the crime scene. This
statement is very true and holds a lot of weight. By examining the size, shape, distribution and
location of bloodstains, forensic analysts are able to form opinions about what did or did not happen
in a crime. Biology, physics and mathematics are all major principles the blood stain pattern analysis
uses to assists investigators in answering valuable questions in an investigation Biology is the
behavior of blood; physics encompasses cohesion, capillary action and velocity; and mathematics
includes the geometry, distance, and angle of blood spatter and stains. Interpretation of bloodstain
patterns from a crime scene can help determine evidence

Bloodstain Pattern Analysis
14 December 2014 Blood and Guns The world of Forensic Scientist is an amazing and fascinating
place. There are so many aspects that go into forensic science but in this paper we are only covering
bloodstain spatter patterns. Bloodstain spatter patterns are not solely used to solve crimes but I do
feel it is one of the most important. Bloodstains never lie. A bullet is traveling at its fastest speed
when it leaves the barrel of the gun. Bullets traveling after firing is said to be using kinetic energy.
Kinetic energy is the energy the bullet has due to its motion from the firing pin striking the gun
powder causing an explosion that forced the bullet to discharge from the barrel. Now this bullet
possess kinetic energy and will do harm ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The bullet will so receive damage itself causing it to be deformed and sometime disintegrate
depending on the target. Damage to the human body varies depending on where the bullet
penetrates. Muscle will offer more resistance to the bullet versus fatty tissue or an organ such as the
liver. If a bullet penetrates your lungs it will cause them to collapse. Bullets have also been known to
bounce off a person's ribs. Depending on what clothes you are wearing, like a heavy thick sheep
skin jacket will have a tendency to help slow down the bullet but won't stop it from penetrating the
human body. There is no set rules of what will happen when you are shot. The closer the range to the
intended target the more damage you will do. This is one reason suicide via gunshot wounds are so
big (Warlow 109). Upon arrival at a crime scene you will need to speak with the lead officer or lead
crime scene investigator to find out what allegedly happened at the crime scene. There are certain
precautions that are taken at crime scenes to preserve evidence. First you will have to wear
protective gear including, hair net, shoe covers, plastic surgical gloves, suits and any other items that
are required to prevent scene contamination. This gear will also help protect you against any health
hazards that may be located in the crime scene such as blood or tissue contaminates. Before entering
a crime scene be sure to look for protective plates that are put in place to

Bloodstain Pattern Analyst
he Blood Spatter Analyst (also known as "Bloodstain Pattern Analyst") uses many techniques to
collect and analze blood that has been left behind at a crime scene. They uses swabs and ultraviolet
light, as well as photgraphy to collect and analyze trace evidence and recreate spatters. After
analyzation of the spatter, they can determine what weapon was used, which direction the suspect or
victim went, the number of wounds the victim suffered, the trajectry of a projectile, and what
occured during a violent crime. Their schedule is the typical Monday through Friday work days as
well as traditional business hours. Most of their days are confined to their laboratory, where they are
surrounded by dangerous body fluids and chemicals. Problem solving

Abstract
Physical evidence left behind at a crime scene plays a crucial role in reconstructing the events that
took place involving the crime. Bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA) is a discipline which utilizes the
sciences of biology, physics, and mathematics. Bloodstain interpretation may be accomplished by
direct scene evaluation and/or careful study of scene photographs in conjunction with detailed
examination of clothing, weapons, and other objects regarded as physical evidence. The location,
spreading, and appearance of bloodstains and spatters can be useful for interpreting and
reconstructing the events that produced the bleeding. An investigator or bloodstain pattern analyst
can decipher from individual bloodstains the direction and angle ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Sam Sheppard for the murder of his wife Marilyn. In the 1954 trial, State of Ohio v. Samuel
Sheppard, Dr. Sam Sheppard, a physician, was convicted for bludgeoning his wife to death while
she was in bed. Sheppard stated he was innocent and claimed he was sleeping on a couch down
stairs when he heard Marilyn scream his name from upstairs. His statement said he rushed up to the
bedroom but was knocked unconscious by an unknown person. The local coroner testified saying
that the pool of blood on her pillow held the impression of a surgical tool. He also stated that blood
found on Sheppard's watch was from blood spatter as he was hitting his wife (Desario & Mason
2003). Sheppard was imprisoned for ten years until criminalist Dr. Paul Kirk, after conducting a
thorough investigation of the Sheppard home, published a report concluding that the murderer was
left–handed and probably used a flashlight as a murder weapon. Dr. Sam Sheppard was right
handed. He also reported finding blood in the murder room that came from neither Sam nor Marilyn.
Dr. Kirk was also able to conclude that the blood from Sheppard's watch was blood transfer from
trying to find his wife's pulse (Desario & Mason 2003). Sam Sheppard was found not guilty after the

Blood Spatter Analysis
Analyzing blood spatter at crime scene is a science that has developed significantly over the last 20
years. David Camm was arrested for the murder of his wife and two children in 2000. Several blood
spatter specialist would be called to the stand to testify on the blood spatter evidence that was found
in the crime scene with varying results. Most notably, Robert Stites, a blood spatter analyst from
Portland Oregon credentials and capability would be called into question many times. Experience,
knowledge and credibility of the blood spatter analyst as well as the blood evidence found at the
scene led to overturning the conviction of David Camm. David Camm was an Indiana State Trooper
who arrived home in September 2000 to find his wife and two children shot dead in their car. David
Camm had been playing basketball with family and friends in a church gym, as he did every week.
He left the church around 9:17pm, drove home, discovered the bodies and called the police in a span
of 12 minutes. David's wife, Kimberly, and their children, 5–year–old daughter Jill, and 7–year–old
son Brad were at swim class until 7 p.m before they arrived home (Fisher, 2013). David Camm
became the police's prime suspect almost immediately. The police theorized "that Camm had arrived
home at 9:22, killed his family, disposed of the gun (it has not been recovered), cleaned up the crime
scene, then called 911" (Fisher, 2013). However, upon closer examination of the crime scene,
specifically the blood

Blood Splatter Inaccurate Evidence

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