Medication Errors From A Nursing

Medication Errors From A Nursing
Medication Errors
Shonda Delmage
Baker College of Cadillac
04/24/2015
Medication Errors Each year, roughly 1.5 million adverse drug events (ADEs) occur in acute and
long–term care settings across America (Institute of Medicine [IOM], 2006). An ADE is succinctly
defined as actual or potential patient harm resulting from a medication error. To expound further,
while ADEs may result from oversights related to prescribing or dispensing, 26–32% of all
erroneous drug interventions occur during the nursing administration and monitoring phases
(Anderson & Townsend, 2010). These mollifiable mishaps not only create a formidable financial
burden for health care systems, they also carry the potential of imposing irreversible physiological
impairment to patients and their families. In an effort to ameliorate cost inflation, undue detriment,
and the potential for litigation, a multifactorial approach must be taken to improve patient outcomes.
Key components in allaying drug–related errors from a nursing perspective include: implementing
safety and quality measures, understanding the roles and responsibilities of the nurse, embracing
technological safeguards, incorporating interdisciplinary collaborative efforts, and continued
emphasis upon quality control. From a pragmatic standpoint, the nurse is ultimately the last line of
defense before a potential ADE reaches the patient (Tzeng, Yin, & Schneider, 2013). As such,
methods which promote quality and safety play a
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Surgical Site Infections At Hospitals, Accreditation...
Surgical site infections occur when a patient experiences infection following surgery, often as a
direct result of the care received in a hospital or other medical facility. While these infections can
often be easily treated while the patient is still at the hospital, the incidences of these infections can
have significant and lasting impacts on patients and the hospital itself, even resulting in a patient's
death if the infection is not detected and treated appropriately. Since these infections occur while
patients are under the care of professionals and during hospital stays, it is imperative that all
involved in patient care follow procedures and policies established by the facility to reduce the risk
of infections in patients. This involves not only information about surgical site infections and their
prevention, but the impact of these infections on patients, hospitals, and staff members, as well as
how surgical site infections impacts a facility's accreditation. The purpose of this paper is to discuss
surgical site infections, the implications of their occurrences at hospitals, accreditation expectations,
and outcomes related to cost and quality.
Surgical Site Infection
A surgical site infection is, quite simply, an infection that occurs at a surgical incision point
following a surgical procedure (Nursing Standard, 2013). As with any medical procedures, there are
risks of infection following surgery, and surgical site infections can and do occur, even in the safety
and

A New Set Of National Patient Safety Essay
Introduction
In health care settings across the country patient care is compromised by various preventable
mistakes. Health care workers (HCW) are continuously pushing the boundaries of time constraints.
As these demands are increased the possibility for poor patient outcomes also increase. Prevention is
the first line of defense and promotes healthy practices for HCW and patients. The Joint
Commission (TJC) collects data pertaining to the incidences, information surrounding each case and
establishes a national quality and safety standard. TJC accredits thousands of health care
establishments with the goal to provide safety and increase the quality of care provided in each
setting. In 2016 TJC released a new set of National Patient Safety Goals (NPSG). The goals are
meant to bring awareness to the accredited facilities and HCW of concerning hazards that need to be
focused on. For instance, using two identifiers when identifying a patient to prevent medical errors,
and preforming hand hygiene to reduce the risk of infections.
Accuracy of Patient Identification
The Joint Commission, NPSG.01.01.01 is the goal for improvement of accurately identifying a
patient. The use of two patient identifiers such as name, date of birth, or a type of security number
that will assure the right patient gets the right treatment, care, or service. Complications that arise
from misidentification of a patient may range from mild to Sentinel event. One could consider an
occurrence such

Accreditation Process : A New Concept
Some say that the accreditation process is a ritual that has no true value.
Hospital accreditation is not a new concept. In the 1860s, Florence Nightingale helped lay the
foundation for health care quality assurance by advocating a system for collecting and evaluating
hospital statistics. Her results showed that mortality rates varied significantly from one hospital to
another. When the American College of Surgeons (ACS) was established in 1913, one of its primary
goals was the improvement of hospital patient care. In 1918, it introduced the Hospital
Standardization Program which created hospital accreditation as a formal means of assuring good
hospital care. The result of the first survey revealed that many hospitals were not meeting the
standards. However, by 1950, almost 95% of the hospitals qualified for approval (Heuer, A., 2002).
As a nurse, I believe that accreditation process has true value. Accreditation is an important process
designed to contribute to quality improvement in health care facilities. It has been vital to the
process of ongoing quality improvement ever since the process was first introduced in the United
States following World War I. Surveying is not an area that in the past has been considered or served
as an educational opportunity for the health professionals who conduct the surveys. Furthermore,
external surveying is not usually undertaken as secondary employment for the purpose of satisfying
professional development requirements. However,

Patient Safety Is A Major Concern For All Health Care
Patient safety is a major concern for all health care providers. Two areas of safety that are relevant to
my practice in an outpatient surgical center are medication errors and the electronic error reporting.
The Association of periOperative Registered Nurses (AORN) is the organization that was used to
support my project. The Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) Initiative competency that
was chosen for my indirect clinical project (ICP) was safety. Everyone in the health care
environment wants to be kept safe. A discussion on how medication errors and the electronic error
reporting affects everyone from the staff to the community will be discussed. Safety is an integral
part of health care. Considering the Joint Commission (2015) believes patient safety is so important
that it has dedicated and entire chapter on the subject and made it free to view. Throughout this
paper safety related to medication errors and electronic error reporting will be discussed. Along with
the topic of medication errors and electronic reporting will be two plans to reduce safety related
events. Overall the paper will cover medication errors and their prevention with how electronic error
reporting can help prevent frequent errors from occurring. It is our job as health care providers to
prevent or abolish safety risks to the patient and to ourselves. Considering Ulrich and Kear (2014)
show that four to eight million people are injured in the United States due to safety issues in the

Risk Management Is A Essential Component Of Any Business
Risk Management is a vital component of any business, especially health care. Risk management
can be generally defined as recognizing, preventing, and monitoring situations that could result in
injury or liability, monetary loss, or noncompliance of regulations (Chubb Health Care, 2004, 9). In
a basic risk management system, risks are identified in separate risk area. Each risk area is handled
by a different department. It addresses the risks to an organization at the department level. In the
basic risk management system, the risks are evaluated at a reactive approach rather than a proactive
approach. In comparison, the Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) system addresses risks as an
organization, or enterprise, level and is proactive ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Significant risk events must be identified. The risks are analyzed based on impact and evaluated as
an inherent basis or a residual basis. Risk response is determined by the method that best fits the
organization's objectives and risk tolerances. This can be by avoidance, acceptance, reduction, or
sharing. The organization implements policies to respond to the risk and carry out the policy.
Communication of the risk and its response is timely and appropriately disseminated through the
organization. The ERM system allows for monitoring, updating, and maintaining through ongoing
evaluations of processes and policies (Brannan and Taylor, n.d).
The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) has moved their
focus to patient safety. JCAHO now performs unannounced surveys of accredited facilities to ensure
that their standards are being followed and patient safety is being addressed. When a survey is being
conducted, the surveyor evaluates compliance with JCAHO standards through staff responds and
documentation review as if they were a patient in that facility that was receiving care. Health care
organizations must be in the mode of continual readiness and compliance and National Patient
Safety Goals. The National Patient Safety Goals address slips and falls, communication,

A Career In EMS Profession
Wouldn't it be great to have too many paramedic students, so many that we have a waiting list for
each course offered? In the growing field of emergency medical services, more and more emergency
medical technician and paramedic courses are becoming available. This is why our collegiate
institution needs to push to a higher level and become nationally accredited through the CoAEMSP.
For a minimum investment cost, not only will this accreditation show potential students that we are
committed to their education, and that our programs will provide them with the educational
foundation that is now, more than ever necessary to have a successful career in EMS professions.
Ultimately, it will also show that our program is a sound institution, meeting ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The submission of the Initial Self Study Report (ISSR) begins the process. CoAEMSP Executive
Director will review the study report and pass along to establish a site visit with the site review
team. After the site visit occurs, the review team completes their findings and holds an exit interview
with our staff. Formal recommendations will be written and forwarded to the Board of Directors for
recommendation of approval or for deficiencies that need to be corrected. If in the event there are
deficiencies, we need to reply immediately because we will only have 14 days to respond to their
findings, with failure to respond leading to probation and possible

Essay on Hcs 430 Week 2
Regulatory Agency paper Name HCS/430 Legal issues in Health Care: Regulations and
Compliances September 27, 2010 Instructor Regulatory Agency paper The Joint Commission is an
agency that maintains partnership with the government to help improve the standards of health care
within the United States. The Joint Commission accredits health care organizations and health care
programs by setting standards to help improve the quality and safety of health care. The Joint
Commission work closely and collaborates with government officials and legislation by ensuring
health care organizations in the United States meet specific guidelines, set by The Joint
Commission, which health care services provided are delivered with the highest ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Day–To–Day Responsibilities The responsibilities of the Joint Commission are to set standards to
help improve the quality of health care services and provide safety guidelines for health care
organizations. Their mission as a nonprofit organization is to continuously improve health care (The
Joint Commission, 2010). The Joint Commission accredits and certifies health care organizations by
surveying facilities to ensure health care standards, performance measurements, safety guidelines
have been implemented and carried out for better patient. The Joint commission sets standards and
guidelines in compliance with federal laws to evaluate health care services. Health care
organizations generally volunteer to seek accreditations from the Joint Commission by allowing
expert surveyors evaluate their facility. The surveyors are made up of a multi–disciplinary team that
spends an average of two days inspecting health care facilities. The purpose for the inspection is to
evaluate a health care facilities standards, staff, regulations, policies and procedures, and quality
improvement, and performance measurement. The Joint Commission surveyors generally look to
see if the organizations governing board is taking part in ensuring that the facilities has facilitated
safety and quality assurance program. In order for a health care organization to qualify for an
accreditation, they must certain requirements. The requirements that health care facilities must meet
before

Identification Of The Specific Standard, Guideline Or...
Identification of the specific standard, guideline or criteria The report makes it publicly known the
harsh implications that errors in healthcare are a leading cause of death and injury. In the late1999,
Institute of Medicine (IOM) of the National Academies of the United States released the report, To
Err Is Human: Building a Safer Health System. The report cited the findings of a major study that
found medical errors kill at least 44,000 and perhaps as many as 98,000 Americans in hospitals each
year. Deaths due to preventable adverse events exceed the deaths attributable to motor vehicle
accidents (43,458), breast cancer (42,297), or AIDS (l6, 5l6). Total national costs are estimated to be
between $37.6 billion and $50 billion for these events. A depressing comparison of about 6,000
Americans die from workplace injuries every year and medication errors are estimated to account
for about 7,000 of this deaths (Gray, E., Gray, I., Yodice P., Rezai, F., Fless, K.). Computerized
Physician Order Entry (CPOE) is the process of entering medication orders and other physician's
instructions electronically using a computer–based system to ensure standardized, legible and
complete orders. Its implementation has been recommended to improve patient safety and outcomes
primarily by reducing medication errors that usually arise from faulty prescriptions (Al–Dorzi,
Hasan M., Tamim, Hani M., Cherfan, Antoine, Hassan, Mohamad A., Taher, S. and Arabi, Y.).
Hospitals are continuing to

Risk Management : An Organization Of Patient Safety
According to ECRI Institute (2014), risk management did not emerge as a distinct profession in
healthcare, primarily in the hospital environment, until the mid–1970s, when the number of
malpractice claims against physicians and hospitals increased dramatically, and settlements and
judgments skyrocketed. In 1977, the American Hospital Association encouraged hospitals to
implement risk management programs as a solution to malpractice problems, calling risk
management the "science for the identification, evaluation, and treatment of the risk of financial
loss" (Dankmyer and Groves; Holloway and Sax). Risk management's focus was to protect the
financial assets and reputation of organization (Kuhn and Youngberg). During the patient safety ...
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According to Mrs. Parker, Memorial Hospital of York "Is dedicated to excellence in healthcare for
our community. We believe that a comprehensive quality improvement program is a primary means
of organizational goals and promoting our mission of providing the community with an array of
high –quality health care services." Memorial hospitals promote and adopt the six aims for
improvement as identified by the Institute of Medicine; 1. Safe, 2. Effective, 3. Patient–centered, 4.
Timely, 5. Efficient, and 6. Equitable. The six aims for improvement set forth by the Institute of
Medicine are the basic foundation for Memorial Hospital structure of the Quality program.
Memorial Hospital of York, defines quality as a never–ending cycle of continuous improvement
(parker, 2015). They accomplish this goal by proactively identifying and improving systems causes
of medical errors. Some goals of the hospital quality program include; improving the quality and
safety of patient–care processes and outcomes and to organize data into useful information,
including comparison to an internal and external data source, among other few, (parker, 2015). All
employees and departments are expected to be actively involved in the program, the Board of
Trustees, Administration, Department Leaders and leaders of the organized

Hospital Accreditation : A Self Assessment Process
Chapter 1 Introduction and Background
1.1 Introduction
According to Myers (2011), Hospital Accreditation is a self–assessment process carried out by
health care bodies to determine the level of performance by the set standards. The process of
hospital accreditation not only sets the standards for operation but also provides and support to the
stakeholders on how to improve the performance. Although the accreditation bodies set the
standards of service, there is little evidence supporting the credibility and effectiveness of the
certification programs.
Healthcare accreditation isan important activity in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia bearing in mind the
vast population of the country and the high number of hospitals operating in the kingdom. Saudi
Arabia has approximately 27 million people and more than 415 hospitals (Central Department of
Statistics, 2010). In addition, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is the second largest oil producer
(Ramady, 2010). The kingdom also occupies 830, 000sq mi, approximately four–fifths of the
Arabian Peninsula. The country shares borders with Iraq and Jordan to the north, Qatar and UAE to
the eastwhile Yemen and Oman border the country on the south and southeast respectively. Most of
the country's land is arid and inhospitable due to the barren landforms.
Oil exploration hassignificantly fuelled the growth rate of the kingdom and consequently improved
the welfare of the citizens (WHO, 2007). The high growth rate has necessitated the

Medication Administration : A Multi Step Process That Is...
Medication administration is a multi–step process that is handled by multiple healthcare
professionals. It begins with the prescription that is transcribed mostly by the physician, then
dispensed by the pharmacist, and ends with the administration of the medication by the nurse.
Throughout this multi–step process, medication errors can occur at any stage of the medication
administration process. As expressed by L. Cloete in "Reducing medication errors in nursing
practice," "One third of the errors that harm patients occur during the nurse administration phase:
administering medication to patients is therefore a high–risk activity." Because the nurse is
responsible for administering medication to the patient, he/she is considered and viewed as the most
accountable in regards to the patient's safety. Medication errors are one of the most common medical
errors that can result in an adverse event that may pose a serious threat to the patient's safety and
well–being. In the article, "An inside look into the factors contributing to medication errors in the
clinical nursing practice," Savvato and Efstratios defined and characterized medication error as "any
preventable event that may cause or lead to inappropriate medication use or patient harm while the
medication is in the control of the health care professional, patient, or consumer. Such events may
be related to professional practice, health care products, procedures, and systems, including
prescribing; order communication;

Risk Management Helps to Prevent Errors Essay
Ways that the risk manager could prevent this type of event happening in the future would be to
establish and maintain a functional pediatric formulary system with policies for drug evaluation,
selection and therapeutic use. To prevent timing errors in medication administration, standardize
how days are counted in all protocols by deciding upon a protocol start date. Limit the number of
concentrations and dose strengths of high alert medications to the minimum needed to provide safe
care. Assign a practitioner trained in pediatrics to any committee that is responsible for the oversight
of medication management. Develop preprinted medication order forms and clinical pathways or
protocols to reflect a standardized approach to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
On the management side of the event would include: the charge nurse, director of the unit, risk
manager, and the CEO of the organization. An event of this significance would catch the attention of
numerous management staff, due to the legal action that could be taken from the parents. The Joint
Commission, Medication Errors Reporting program, and The National Council for Medication Error
Reporting and Prevention would be the organizations involved to report the event to and aide in the
prevention of it never happening again. This type of an event could catch the eye of the media. If the
hospital were completely honest to the parents of the mistake, they could report it to the media for
awareness of the fault of the organization, sympathy or education for prevent this event happening
again. Active failures are the unsafe acts committed by people who are in direct contact with the
patient or system. The forms vary but they are easier to pinpoint such as: slips, lapse, fumbles,
mistakes, and procedural violations. Active failures have a direct and usually short lived impact on
the integrity of the defenses (Reason, 2000). Active failures are the main issues that stand out when
a risk happens. Latent conditions are the inevitable "resident pathogens" within the system. They
arise from decisions made by designers, builders, procedure writers and top level management.
Latent

Preventing Errors, Training And Track And Reduce Risks
prevent errors, training to improve safety and track and reduce risks to patient were low with a score
of 14.55/40 and 80/129. The preventive measures to reduce infection for handwashing was 30/30
and steps to prevent ventilator problem was 11.67/20. Communication in order to prevent
medication errors was 35/35. The hospital has a Never Events policy, in the event of errors or
adverse event the hospital takes responsibility to apologize to patient, report to external agency,
perform a root cause analysis and wave all. Management and planning tools are used in an
organization to create, develop a quality culture; evaluate, organize priorities and decision making
by using balanced scorecard, affinity diagram and other tools. Some of the limitation would arise
from random variation, wrong data or not enough data, methods of reporting and measuring medical
errors and adverse events. For example, most of the reporting is from a voluntary reporting system
and "they are not the most reliable and underreporting is a significant problem" (Joshi, Ransom,
Nash, & Ransom, 2014, p.279). Each site has used different tools to compare, help the organization
achieve the desired goals and provide transparency between consumers and providers. In order to
make any improvement, it is important to make an assessment of current performance to find out the
strength and weakness of current process. Demonstrate and verify whether the improvement had
made any difference and control of performance

Healthcare : Enhancing Patient Safety
Pyxis in Healthcare: Enhancing Patient Safety
NR 340: Information Systems In Healthcare
Instructor: Amy Johnson
Team Yellow
Pyxis: An Introduction
The Pyxis medication dispensing system is used in a wide variety of medical settings to aid in the
safe administration of medication.
The Pyxis system simplifies the inventory, stocking, ordering and distribution of medications
through the use of information systems.
Objectives
Discuss the purpose and use of the Pyxis.
Discuss the history and background of the Pyxis medication dispensing system.
Discuss the impact Pyxis use has had on healthcare.
Discuss the effectiveness of Pyxis use in regards to patient safety
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of Pyxis use.
History
Los Angeles, Doctor and founder John McLaughlin, came up with the idea to reduce health care
costs and improve patient safety
Pyxis Corporation based in San Diego, CA, first manufactured and introduced the MedStation
System (Pyxis Machine) around 1989–90
In 1996, Ohio based organization, Cardinal Health obtained rights from Pyxis Corp
By 2009, Cardinal Health separated, into what we know today as CareFusion
Cont.' History Before Pyxis
Ward trolley used for storing medications dispensed by pharmacy for individual patients
Stockpiling of items not kept organized due to frustration in obtaining medications
Current Use Background
Automated unit used for the distribution and storage of medicine in clinical areas

Interfaces with Patient Management System

The Role Of The Joint Commission On Accreditation Of...
The role of accreditation in the hospital setting.
The history of the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals is a story of the health
professions' commitment to patient care of high quality in the 20th century. According to Dr. Ernest
Codman, founder of the accreditation system, which would enable hospitals to track every patient it
treat long enough to determine whether or not the treatment was effective. If not, the hospital would
figure out how to prevent similar failures in the future (Roberts, Coale & Redman, 1987). At
present, the accreditation is a process of review that health care organizations participate in to
display the ability to meet approved criteria and standards of accreditation. Accreditation represents
agencies as credible and reputable organizations dedicated to ongoing and continuous compliance
with the highest standard of quality. Professional accrediting agency work together with the health
care industry experts to create standards to ensure that quality is maintained throughout all aspects
of an organization (Accreditation Commission for Health Care, 2008; Greenfield, Pawsey &
Braithwaite, 2010). However, the on–site surveys are conducted, today unannounced, by health care
industry experts. A inclusive review is conducted of organizational structure, policies and
procedures, compliance with federal, state, and local laws, leadership, patients' rights and
responsibilities, fiscal operations, human resource management, provision of

Nightingale Community Hospital Accreditation Analysis
In order for a hospital or facility to gain accreditation from the Joint Commission, there are several
areas of requirement that the hospital or facility must meet. Nightingale Community Hospital has
met the requirements in the following areas; Accreditation participation requirements, this
requirement is important to maintain compliance in this area due to the fact that a this requirement
must be maintained throughout the entire time of the hospital having accreditation, Emergency
Management, this area of requirement ensures proper safety and security of the hospital, including
fire safety, hazardous materials and waste, medical equipment as well as utilities, Human Resources
this requirement is referring to the proper handling and hiring

Effective Communication, And Conflict Management
"Patient safety is a top priority for all healthcare providers. Yet medical errors are ranked the eighth
leading cause of death. Medication administration errors often result from multiple environmental
and individual factors" (Yoder, Schadewald, & Dietrich, 2015, p. 140). Nurses are faced with several
interruptions including other health care professionals, patients, and family members.
Environmental factors such as: phone calls, call lights, alarms, malfunctioning equipment, and
emergency situations can distract the nurse and prevent the nurse from administrating medications
successfully. Research has shown that the most interruptions were from conversations with other
personnel or stopping to do another patient care task (Yoder et al., 2015). The purpose of our paper
is to discuss how collaboration, effective communication, and conflict management can improve the
nursing medication administration process by both the intraprofessional and the interprofessional
teams. The intraprofessional team is comprised of nurses that work on the unit and nurses who work
on other units who may try to communicate with the nurse who is administering medications. The
interprofessional team is made up of patient care technicians, the unit secretary, physicians, and
other disciplines such as physical therapy, social work, pharmacy, and case management. The
interprofessional team can also distract or disrupt the nurse trying to administer medications by
asking about another patient being

Is Right Time Administration And Explores The Causative...
Introduction In this paper, a meaningful clinical event, regarding delayed medications, is examined.
The paper explores the importance of right–time administration and explores the causative factors
and preventative measures of wrong–time errors. As a final point, I describe how I would handle the
scenario differently after learning strategies to reduce late medication administrations, thus reducing
patient harm. Look Back/Elaborate During week five, I was assigned to two patients (A and B), one
of whom is a shared client (patient B) between me and a colleague. Strategically, my colleague and I
planned out the first half of the shift, such that we would perform vital signs and head–to–toe
assessments first, administer medications in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the event, I felt distressed and frustrated because I failed to perform daily tasks on time, most
importantly medication administration. Furthermore, these emotions were heightened by feelings of
not being able to deliver the best possible care and thoughts of my nurses being disappointed in me
because of my poor performance. Essentially, these negative feelings arise from my values and
beliefs of being punctual and providing safe and high quality care. These values are shaped by my
family and profession as I was always disciplined and taught the importance of being on time and
promoting patient safety, respectively. Essentially, one significant key issue from the event
previously discussed, relates to my inability to deliver medications at the specified time. It is
important to administer drugs on time to maintain patient safety, since late medications may result in
ineffective treatments and unstable patient conditions. Analysis As previously mentioned, right–time
medication administration is important to prevent patient harm. Medications are considered late
when they are delivered beyond 30 minutes of the scheduled time or depending on the hospital
policy. Certain medications, such as antibiotics and Parkinson disease drugs, follow strict schedules
to provide and maintain therapeutic blood levels. In particular, antibiotics should be administered on
time to prevent bacterial resistance and

Seeking Accreditation Paper
Professor & class, The nursery school that I did my practicum course at was NAEYC accredited.
Seeking accreditation is a good way to evaluate an early childhood education program because there
are many standards and criteria a program needs to uphold in order to obtain or maintain
accreditation. To be NAEYC accredited, a program has to go through four steps in the process
which include meeting: eligibility requirements, candidacy requirements and site visit requirements.
Some of NAEYC's important requirements that ensure high–quality programs include: Maintaining
a good standing in its licensing or regulatory status within the last year or since its last inspection,
providing a description of the collaborative process used to complete

Medication Error Prescribing Essay
Medication Error Prescribing Medication mistakes is a critical global issue and the utmost principle
widespread dilemma that terrorizes patient safety that might spearhead to disability or death if not
detected, and medication error are virtually never deliberate and regrettably occur in healthcare
(Gorgich, Barfroshan, Ghoreishi, & Yaghoobi, 2016). According to Arcangelo and Peterson (2013),
approximately eight percent of the outpatient prescription have errors and about three percent are
undoubtedly avoidable out of the eight percent noted. The disclosure and nondisclosure of
medication errors are contemplated to be the utmost ethical and legal deliberations amidst the
healthcare field, and the advanced nurse practitioner prescriber needs ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Arrays of research analysis conveyed that medication error is indeed not the issue, however, how the
error handled by the advanced nurse practitioners is the problem. It is imperative that advanced
nurse practitioner mindful to the trust bestowed by being truthful and ethical with their patient and
ensure that errors are promptly reported to the correct channels and patient alike when it befalls.
Medication errors are never intentional, and instituting a dual stop check methodology in prescribing
script can avert errors and protect our license from being at peril's and certify that their patient trust
is upheld

Implementing The Universal Protocol Procedure
In 2003, as an outcome of all the sentinel events reported to the Joint commission lead to the
creation of the "The Universal protocol for preventing wrong site, wrong procedures, and wrong
person surgery" (Mulloy & Hughes 2008). So, one of the ways that could have potentially prevented
the situation from happening at the first place was implementing the universal protocol procedure.
According to the protocol the conduction of proper pre as well as post–operating procedures are
extremely mandatory. Therefore, by enforcing a standardized routine pre–operating procedure such
as verifying the patient as well as the correct site for the procedure, by having the medical staff or
preferably the physician marking the operating site with his or her initials before the surgery will be
an effective preventive measure (Mulloy & Hughes 2008). Also, by properly conducting a time–out
session where the patient is provided with a standardized briefing prior to the patient is sedated in
the OR could also eliminate some the sentinel or adverse events in the OR. Furthermore, follow a
checklist, which not only pertains to the surgery itself, but also focuses on the other procedures
involved such as admissions, anesthesia equipment, and discharge (Mulloy & Hughes 2008). Using
Technology to Improve Patient Safety Another effective measure that could have potentially helped
to avoid the situation at the first place was implementation of technology for instance having a
Electronic Medical

Current Issues in Quality and Safety
Current Issues in Quality and Safety Current Issues in Quality and Safety The safety of medication
administration has become a universal issue and crucial for one 's wellbeing. The majority of
hospitalized patients are treated with medications (Agyemang & While, 2010). The medical
treatment of patients has a direct effect on the patient 's quality of life. Srinivasan declared "patients
have a right to know they are receiving safe care" (as cited by Zhani, 2012, p. 1). The purpose of this
paper is to identify current quality and safety issues in healthcare, share the impact the issues have
on health care delivery, identify quality improvement strategies, and to reveal a plan to implement
quality improvement strategies. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Nurses were required to confirm the right patient, medication, dosage, time, and route. The five
rights aided in the process but errors were still made. Nurses working long hours, mandatory
overtime, budget cuts, increased patient nurse ratio, and high patient acuities are also noted to
contribute to the increase of errors. For many of these issues there is not a quick remedy. Geiger
shared the elimination of retribution for medications errors would help decrease the effects
associated with medication administration. Quality Improvement Strategies Plan Nurses on the
Progressive Care Unit (PCU) experience many interruptions during patient care, including
medication administration. These interruptions can affect proper and safe medication passage. The
time taken to manage interruptions can be diverted back to the patients to assist in safe medication
administration. * Plan – goal is to improve safe medication passage by eliminating telephone
interruptions during medication rounds and other non–emergent interruptions, perform Plan–Do–
Study–Act (PDSA) cycle for 5 days, Monday through Friday, during 0900 medication rounds *
Targeted audience – dayshift registered nurses, unit secretaries and the management team on the 21
bed Progressive Care Unit (PCU), patients, nurse technicians * Relevant Stakeholders – patients,
providers, employer, and payers * Needed Resources – PDSA Worksheet to evaluate the, additional
part–time registered nurse to assist

Essay on Eliminating Abbreviations Errors in the Medical...
How can eliminating abbreviations reduce errors?
The use of abbreviations shortens length of many words thus really help healthcare professionals in
saving time spent in writing notes. Abbreviations however do not always provide positive
contributions due to misconceptions, misunderstandings, and misinterpretations leading to
commitment of errors in the practice. Similarities in abbreviations for instance could root to a grave
mistake. For instance the q.d. which an inscriber would like to indicate as every day could be
erroneously interpreted as q.i.d. which means four times a day. Such error could result to over
dosage when a certain medication is taken four times in a day instead of just once. Though some
abbreviations can be easily ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Policies would need to provide lists of accepted abbreviations and their standard meaning. That
would be one of the best ways of preventing creation of abbreviations or assigning different
meaning on a certain standard abbreviation. Despite of universal standard policies on the use of
abbreviations, organizations would know better the strength and flaws of using abbreviations in
particular healthcare facility. Organizational policies should therefore be also developed which
would include the universal standard policies and organizational policies believed to maintain safety
practice. The policy should clearly specify the abbreviations that can be safely used and their
standard meanings in the organizations and those that should not be used providing the common
errors generated. The policy must also indicate the forms of written paper that allows using
abbreviations. The Institute for Safe Medication Practices for instance has provided lists of
abbreviations that should never be used to communicate medical information (ISMP, 2007). Policies
should also provide simple yet concise guidelines on the use of abbreviations. The methodologies of
quality control such as through periodic audit on proper usage of abbreviations should be also
specified. The persons authorized to use abbreviations should be also clearly specified. The policy
would need regular updating and should therefore clearly specify the dates. If necessary,
consequences of non–obedience to the policy

Midterm Patient Quality And Safety Paper
Midterm Patient Quality and Safety Paper Over time the health care industry has become more
complex. Health care is rapidly evolving and continuing to complicate our delivery of care, which in
turn has the same effect on quality of care. This steady evolution and change results in nursing
shortages and an increase in the prevalence of errors being made. In hopes of preventing these errors
and creating safe and high quality patient care, with the focus on new and improved ways of
thinking, The Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) initiative was developed. The QSEN
focuses on the following competencies: patient–centered care, quality improvement, safety, and
teamwork and collaboration. Their initiatives work to prepare and develop the knowledge, skills,
and attitudes that are necessary to make improvements in the quality and safety of health care
systems (Qsen.org, 2014). Question One Patient–Centered Care Patient–centered care refers to the
view that patients and their family members are partners in developing a care plan. This stems from
the belief that the patient is in control and that the care provided is rooted in respect that addresses
the patient's personal needs and values (Barnsteiner & Sherwood, 2012). Creating a partnership with
a patient that allows them to grasp the goals and methods of their plan of care and includes them in
the decision–making process can prevent errors from occurring. This gives the patient the
opportunity to correct any

The Abandonment Of Professional Autonomy
follow modern requirement in providing the same care. The abandonment of professional autonomy
could help to resolve some problem in compliance with health care regulations. In healthcare, the
goal of a provider is to treat patients and patient and the healthcare professional are pursuing one
single personal goal, which is treatment. Some medical providers are failing to follow policies or
regulatory requirement when providing care. They should be held account and must be required to
follow policies or procedures when providing care. Reduced autonomy on healthcare that is
supported by joint pressure, safety rules, and institutionalized safety methods that is standardized
could force provider to follow protocol. The strengthen approach to process improvement through
focus on quality care in the hospital and educating health care professionals on teamwork and strict
regulations can help reduced the autonomy of health care professionals. But the barrier of too much
autonomy cannot be overcome when teamwork is not extended across hospital wards or the
departments. Renц╘ Amalberti, Yves Auroy, Don Berwick, and Paul Barach (2005) stated that the
increase in pressure from medical malpractice liability and media scrutiny is creating the need for
system–level decision. The reason for this is that as systems reaches safer level of performance, the
society seeks to hold people accountable or seek legal way out when injuries occur. The public and
the media show disapproval to

Health And Drug Administration Of The Health Care Setting
Work Place Distractions Lead to Deadly Outcomes Effective Ways to Reduce Medication Errors in
the Health Care Setting Lincoln University Suzanne Norman–Ybarra One of the greatest fears of
any nurse is harming or killing a patient by making a critical medication error. The U.S. Food and
Drug Administration reports that a person dies accidently every day from a medication error and
approximately 1.3 million sustain an injury from medication errors (U.S. Food and Drug
Administration, 2016). Medication errors can result from the initial prescribing of the order,
transcribing the order, entering the order, dispensing the medication, repackaging the medication
with improper labeling, administering the medication incorrectly, ... Show more content on
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In an effort to reduce the occurrence of medication errors, JHACO has thoroughly investigated and
implemented new safety standards of care. JHACO implemented a new standard referred to as the
"10 Rights of Drug Administration." 1. The Right Drug, 2. Right Patient, 3. Right Dose, 4. Right
Route, 5. Right Time and Frequency, 6. Right Documentation, 7. Right History and Assessment, 8.
Drug approach and Right to Refuse, 9. Right Drug to Drug Interaction and Evaluation, and 10. Right
Education and Information. Failure to follow the 10 Rights of Medication Administration can result
in a patient's injury or death (Potter, Perry, Hall, & Stockert, 2013). Further research in safety has
proven that reviewing the physicians order three times significantly reduced transcribing errors or
entering the order incorrectly into the electronic medical record. Training new nurses and
experienced nurses to review every order three times has shown beneficial in patient safety and has
reduced medication errors. Nurses and medical staff involved in medication administration are
encouraged to have a buddy system, where there are two nurses or trained staff members who
double check all medication calculations and assist with verifying high risk medication dosages.
When there is a discrepancy concerning any medication administration, a Stop, Think and Call
policy is implemented and the medication is held until proper documentation and verification have
been obtained.

The Joint Commission Is A Self-Governing, Nonprofitmaking
The Joint Commission is a self–governing, nonprofitmaking organization that accredits and certifies
over 21, 000 health care organizations, hospital, and programs in the United States. The body was
formed in 1951. Since its creation, the organization has been working relentlessly to augment
healthcare for the people of U.S. and have continued inspiring healthcare organizations with an aim
to promote and advocate for quality as well as value in the healthcare ("About The Joint
Commission | Joint Commission," 2016). Joint Commission creates performance standards for
certification and accreditation programs that healthcare organizations and hospital facilities are
demanded to pass to get accreditation from the body. These standards are ... Show more content on
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The Joint Commission is the oldest and largest body mandated with the job of setting standards and
accrediting health care organizations in America. In addition, the commission has two affiliates that
likewise focuses on improving the care quality in the United States: The Joint Commission Center
for Transforming Healthcare whose main objective is to solve problems relating to safety and
quality of healthcare services in America. Joint Commission Resources, which emphasizes on
providing educational and consulting services, and publication associated with improved quality of
care ("About The Joint Commission | Joint Commission," 2016).
The commission normally employs modern approaches to assessing health care facilities and
hospitals as well as collaborating with the healthcare professionals and organizations to embolden
the providers of healthcare to exceed or meet the expected quality of care. The Joint Commission
seek to enhance health care for U.S. Citizens, by collaborating with other relevant stakeholders, by
assessing healthcare facilities and motivating them to excel in offering

Medication Administration Essay
Medication Administration The intended use of medications is meant to improve a person' health, it
is very important the individual administering medication or self–medicating use the drugs correctly,
by following the doctors' instruction for the medication prescribed. Medication is given to diagnose,
treat, and prevent illness. Medication can be very dangerous, which can potentially cause harm or
even deaf if it's not used properly.
Administering medication requires the understanding of how the medication is to enter the body
such as orally, transdermal, or intravenous. It also requires the knowledge of when the medication
needs to be administered, the possible side effects, and its toxicity. Doctors, nurses, and a few other
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA 2009), the wrong route of administrating
medication accounts for 1.3 million injuries each year. An article published in September issue of
the Journal of Patient Safety estimates there are between 210,000 and 400,000 deaths per year
associated with medical errors. This makes medical errors the third leading cause of deaths in the
United States, behind that comes heart disease and cancer. To prevent medical errors always follow
the Three Checks and most importantly the Rights of Medication Administration. The "Rights of
Medication Administration" helps to ensure accuracy when administering medication to a patient.
When administering medication the administer should ensure they have the Right Medication, Right
Patient, Right Dosage, Right Route, Right Time, Right Route, Right Reason, and Right
Documentation. Also remember the patient has the right to refuse, assess patient for pain, and
always assess the patient for signs of effects.
Medication administration is not just giving medicine to a patient; it also involves observation of
how the patient responds to the drug after administration. As a nurse or health professional we're
trained to know medication effects. Knowing how medication move through the body and what
effects the medication has or what adverse effects may occur is most important when preventing

Computerized Provider Order Entry
Adoption and Usage rate Because the system is capable of advancing quality of care in numerous
ways, the healthcare service providers have been considering to implement the technology in their
institutions since the system has been commercially available in the market place since 2006 (Ford,
McAlenrney, Phillips, Menachemi, and Rudolph, 2008). Although a good number of institutions
have been analyzing the possibility of adopting the system, until recently, it was estimated that only
5% of U.S. hospitals had the system in operation (American Hospital Association Archive). Another
study, a 2003 report from First Consulting Group for the American Hospital Association and the
Federation of American Hospitals, says that an estimated 5% of American hospitals used CPOE in
2002. Moreover, a report found that the amount of U.S. hospitals with completely available CPOE
system was estimated only 9.6% in 2002 [Ash et al, 2004]. Another report from the Leapfrog Group
titled "Healthcare Benchmarks and Quality Improvement" has estimated that about 10% of all U.S.
hospitals would have completed CPOE implementation by the end of 2006 [Ash et al, 2004]. Add a
transition clause here, according to the Leapfrog Group CPOE evaluation tool, it was reported that a
mere 8% U.S. hospitals were using the system (Anderson, 2009) 120. Not only the implementation
rate but also the usage rate of the system is very slow in recent time. In support of this statement, it
was reported that a group of top

XYZ Rest Home Case Study
The XYZ Rest Home has a unique and personal group with great commitment to eminent care and
special individual needs. This facility has been operating since 1996. Family owned and run, the
facility puts great emphasis in giving compassionate and professional services in a safe haven that
they can call home (Anne Marie Rest Home, 2014, a). A 40–bed capacity aged care facility that
offers hospital level of care with registered nurses on duty in each shift (Anne Maree Rest Home,
2014,b). Weekly visits from the doctor helps keep the care going in the right track. A physiotherapist
visits weekly and is also on call whenever needed. There is a low ratio of residents to health care
givers to ensure quality care at all times (Anne Maree Rest Home, 2014, b). Staff is highly trained,
ensuring safe and efficient care to the elderly. The organization train employees to be of excellence
because this ensures success of the body (Wentland, 2007). Residents engage in activities developed
by the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2004). To be honest, not all customers' needs are being met in the organization due to different
reasons. An example would be, the quality of care is jeopardised because of the lack of caregivers in
a shift. The ratio of caregiver to residents is one caregiver is responsible for thirteen residents. As
contrast to ABC organisation, the ration of caregivers to resident is, one caregiver to six residents
and another six residents shared by two caregivers (Personal Communication, 2015). Quality of care
is jeopardised mainly because there is a heavy workload and time restraint experiencing by the
carers. The health care facility is a rest home and at the same time, a hospital and in regards with
that, there are different type of patients residing the facility. Some are independent and mobile and
there are also dependent and immobile

Interventions and Care for Patients
Evidence Based Practice Paper
Evidence–based practice uses current research and clinical judgment to provide interventions and
care for patients (Kelly, 2012). It is important for nurses and all healthcare team members to be up to
date on current practices so patients can receive evidence–based interventions that improve clinical
outcomes. According to Kelly (2012), almost half of patients that receive care, receive interventions
that are not based on evidence which can ultimately compromise the safety of patients and their
health outcomes. Peripheral intravenous therapy (PIV) is a common practice in the acute care setting
and evidence–based practices have been established to drive appropriate care for this intervention.
Almost all patients that are admitted into the acute care setting require peripheral intravenous
therapy. PIV therapy is an important factor in the care of patients in the hospital and it is most often
used to maintain or correct fluid and electrolyte balances, administer medications, and replace blood
or blood products (Ignatavicius and Workman, 2013). PIV therapy is an invasive therapy that
requires catheter insertion into the vascular system and access is gained through the patient's skin.
Because this is an invasive procedure, patients are at a risk of developing catheter related infections.
Catheter related infections are preventable and as nurses it is our responsibility to maintain the PIV
site and use the appropriate protocols and interventions to

Medical Errors And Unsafe Care Harm
Medical errors and unsafe care harm and kill thousands of Americans each year. Approximately two
million healthcare–associated infections occur annually in the United States, accounting for an
estimated 90,000 deaths and more than $4.5 billion in hospital healthcare costs (Patient Safety,
2015). Safety is one of the six competencies the QSEN faculty and National Advisory Board
explained to be initiated in nursing pre–licensure programs in order to increase the quality and
safety of healthcare systems. Safety in healthcare decreases risk of harm to patients and providers
through both system effectiveness and individual performance. The integration of safety in
healthcare, which is important for future nurses to utilize in practice, can be ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
With clinical expertise, a nurse can identify gaps in care that would result in critical patient
outcomes and fix the gaps in time. Nurses are accountable for speaking up for patients in situations
when safety issues arise. For example, when there is a breach in sterilization and a nurse notices the
breach, the nurse is accountable to bring awareness of the breach to the staff no matter who is
responsible or what the nurse who notices the breaches position or seniority may be. If a medical
error hurts a patient, then the involved organization and nurse is accountable and needs to take
responsibility. "Providing education about participating in crucial conversations and reviewing
culture principles could improve a team's ability to speak up and be accountable" (Battiц┴, &
Steelman, 2014). Being accountable and taking responsibility means informing the patient of the
error and damage it caused, apologizing and providing care for the injury or illness, performing a
root cause analysis of the error, and learning from the analysis by keeping the error from occurring
again. A root cause analysis needs to be done after the error occurs. All staff associated in the error
must participate in the analysis in order to keep speculation from happening that will cover up the
facts. The goal of the analysis is not to blame an individual for the error, but rather to make changes
to keep the error from happening again. Nurses are the most trusted

Case Study Nordstrom
Nordstrom A More Consistent And Augmentative Solution In Shopping
Assert and make trades on web using Nordstrom store to acclaim offers and deals you use. Acquire
having cost contention as well as price differences through resilience you understand as sensible and
a worth it reason to access from Nordstrom. Get through initial stages of improving online use with
a connected computing means as there are ways to buy.
Be assured where a more logical and convalescent store use and trade makes sense and provides you
discount online attainments. Attain right solutions and consider a worth it acclimation to retain as
price limitations. Decipher an online store use and cut methods to buy making a sentenced discount
acquirement and recall.
Search with ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Perfect where methods and deals are perception in deals you make on web to save by a large extent.
See recognition and consider a cost decrease to have prices improved, having to buy online.
See if there is discount store access with price curtailments to acquire and recover cost deductive
methods is how you buy online. Settle having cost consideration and purchases which make
sensitive access and selection to perceive what you want to render like price difference. Settle where
store consideration to perceive cost markdown makes sensible cost amendments on web.
50% Off Sunglasses Using Discount Ascriptions Online To Get With Decreases
Attain with as much as 50% discounts on sunglasses to acclaim as rate deductions, selecting a price
declaration online. Assess and seek rate discovery contending through cost inference on store
making trades you need to recognize. Sentence with perfection to aggravate as discount ascriptions
online which is selective through rate dissimilarities online as you might accredit a rate cut

Patient Safety And The Medical Errors
In today's fast paced healthcare environment, patient safety as well as healthcare quality has become
a major priority. A growing focus on patient safety and the increasing medical errors has made
various healthcare management teams more proactive in identifying and preventing potential risks
for patients. While a great deal of progress has been made in recognizing most medical errors, it is
also important to note that in a healthcare environment there are a number of factors involved,
therefore the strategies used to reduce them vary as well. So, despite a healthcare provider's overall
reputation, experience, skills or knowledge in the healthcare field, there is always a slight possibility
for a medical error to take place, similar to our case of Mrs. Jonesky and Samantha Jones. Root–
Cause Analysis Definition According to Dattilo and Constantino (2006), "The most fundamental
reason for the failure or inefficiency of a process, in any work setting even the healthcare
environment, is referred to as a root cause". Root cause analysis (RCA) is the tedious process under
which the healthcare providers take a step back and analyze their potential mistakes, adverse events,
or sentinel events in the operating room and all areas of healthcare (Croteau, 2003). The primary
goal of RCA is to overcome their mistakes, in order to prevent future risks or damages caused to
their patients. According to The Joint Commission, most RCA is expected to take place within a 45
days limit, after

National Patient Safety Goals
THE JOINT COMMISSION Patient safety one of the driving forces of healthcare. Patient safety is
defined as, " the absence of preventable harm to a patient during the process of healthcare or as the
prevention of errors and adverse events caused by the provision of healthcare rather than the
patient's underlying disease process. (Kangasniemi, Vaismoradi, Jasper, &Turunen, 2013)". It was
just as important in the past as it is day. Our healthcare field continues to strive to make
improvement toward safer care for patients across the country. The Joint Commission was founded
in 1951 with the goal to provided safer and better care to all. Since that day it has become
acknowledged as the leader in developing the highest standards for quality ... Show more content on
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For the purposes of this paper, the author will only focus on National Patient Safety Goals 01.01.01:
Identifying patients correctly and 01.03.01 Eliminate transfusion errors related to patient
misidentification. NPGS 01.01.01: Identifying Patients Correctly In 2003, The Joint Commission
made one of their first goals to improve the accuracy of identifying patients to reduce or eliminate
patient identification errors. This continues to be an accreditation requirement. Their
recommendations to do this are to use at least two patient identifiers when administering
medications, and when providing treatments or procedures. Acceptable identifiers may be the
individual's name, an assigned identification number, telephone number, or other person–specific
identifier. Patient room number or physical location may not be used as an appropriate identifier.
Healthcare provides should re–identify the patient with each encounter, each medication pass, and
each procedure. There have been procedures and protocols throughout the country have been put
into place to make the care provided to patients safer. Another element of this requirement is that all
containers should be labeled in the patients presences after using the patient identifiers

Accreditation In Health Care
Accreditation is an activity through which a nongovernmental authority allocates acknowledgement
to a school or health care organization for proven proficiency in carrying out preset criteria for
validated standards. For example, the accreditation of hospitals by The Joint Commission (TJC) on
Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations or schools of nursing by the American Academy of Nurse
Practitioners (AANP) (Sollecito, W. A., & Johnson, J. K., 2011). To assist in understanding the
objective of, and differences between accreditation and licensure I will discuss both. Accreditation
means the procedure by which an authoritative body bestows official acknowledgement that a
compliance evaluation in conformance to the standards is proficient to carry out specific tasks.
Licensure is an activity whereby a government authority awards time–restrained consent to an
individual to practice in a specific profession following validating that he or she has met preset and
regulated criteria (usually education, experience, and examination). The difference between
accreditation and licensure is that one is a governmental authority and the other is a ... Show more
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This means that an organization is not required to participate in the accreditation process. However,
many exterior shareholders require health care organizations to exhibit efforts at advancing quality
and safety, which would involve participating in an accreditation program. Government, insurers,
and consumers are reassured through the idea that organizations are striving to reach published
standards or addressing quality and safety. To improve quality and safety is it feasible to make
accreditation mandatory? If it were mandatory what effects would it have on accrediting agencies,
health organizations, and surveyors? Would it alter the operation of accreditation? Would it produce
more burdens for accreditation agencies and health organizations to attain a positive accreditation

Relationship Of Msn Course Work
Relationship to MSN Course Work
Completion of coursework while enrolled in the Waynesburg University (WU) MSN program lends
support to the AH Organization's alarm management project through this author assimilating
multiple MSN essentials. The major themes woven throughout the project are related to the MSN
Essentials II: Organizational and Systems Leadership; Essential III: Quality and Safety; Essential:
IV Translating and Integrating Scholarship into Practice; Essential V: Informatics and Health Care
Technology and Essential; VII: Interprofessional Collaboration and Improving Patient and
Population Outcomes
Essential II
The Joint Commission stresses leadership as a foundational component of the NPSG Six. Evident
throughout the literature ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Quality and safety are directly tied to the purpose of the goal. Many of the tools and application of
principals that have been assimilated in the alarm management project have been part of the
curriculum at WU MSN program course work. Strategies utilizing lean principals, critical thinking,
data analysis, PDCA cycles are a few of the means used to advance this project. Fundamental to the
role as a patient safety leader is the use of advanced safety, quality, and nursing theory that backs
nursing practice regarding prevention of patient harm. Patient safety findings were brought to the
attention of the clinical alarm teams and the applications of the quality and safety principles were
part of the litmus test for any actions steps.
Essential IV
Consequently, building onto the quality and safety principles, is the use of EBP, strongly present in
the platform for every WU nursing course. The WU program focuses on use of evidence in the
literature and the assessment of the evidence. These principles are demonstrated throughout the
project with prominent use of AACN (2013) evidence based practical guidance kit. Consumption of
science based information to impart practices for alarm management was apparent in teams'
participation in the literature reviews and the webinars attended. Discussions and making project
decisions were based on the strength of evidence and was a direct result of the course work from the
MSN and DNP prepared participants.

Joint Commission Accreditation
There are many roles of the Joint Commission in accrediting medical facilities. The Joint
Commission was founded in 1951 and is the nation's largest accrediting body in health care. They
evaluate nearly 21,000 health care organizations in the Unites States. (The Joint Comm, 2016) Once
an organization earns the accreditation they are re–surveyed every three years unannounced. They
are responsible for making sure that healthcare facilities are up to date on all standards, policies, and
procedures. "Joint Commission accreditation can be earned by many types of health care
organizations, including hospitals, doctor's offices, nursing homes, office–based surgery centers,
behavioral health treatment facilities, and providers of home care services ... Show more content on
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One in particular states, "The hospital is professionally and ethically responsible for providing care,
treatment, and services within its capability and law and regulations (Showalter,2013)." Patients
may not always have the funds to be treated when their insurance coverage is not available. It would
be up to the facility to decide how they are going to continue care in these situations. They have
policies on the destruction of medical records. Another policy includes they must comply with the
standards of emergency care. Also, that patients have access to interpreter services to include the
most common languages used in the healthcare facility. These standards of care are updated all of
the time by healthcare experts, nurses, staff, to ensure the most updated

Medication Errors From A Nursing

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