about energy sources and thermodynamics

1. • Energy Flow
Definition of Energy:
A capacity for interacton between particles.
A capacity to make things happen.
A capacity to do work.
Energy- is the driving force behind all life in the
biosphere.
Sun- the ultimate source of energy.

2. Bioenergetics
- Energy in a population provides the
most reliable basis for evaluating observed
flunctuation in density and determining the
role of a population within its community.

3. • Energy Sources
– ecology is concerned with the sources of
energizing ecological system and its
tranformation of this living organisms.

4. Advantages and
Disadvantages of
Various Energy
Sources

5. FUEL RESOURCE
• Petroleum
- essentially a complex mixture of hydrocarbons with small
amount of atmospheric substance; recovered from
onshore and from tar offshore, tar sand and oil shale,
also found in deep sea.
- Abundant and accesible
- Non- renewable, requires considerable capital
investment.

6. • Natural Gas
- A combustible gaseous mixture that in gas fields
contains largely methane and in wet state
petroleum contains other hydrocarbons.found in
natural gases field.
- Relatively cheap and abuncant, clean and sulfur-
free

7. • Coal
- a combustible mineral substance containg
exoensive and essential carbon with small
amount of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and
sulfur.
- Very abundant.
- Non-renewable

8. • Peat
– compressed and carbonized elements.
– Moderate widespread in the world
– More costly than coal. Nonrenewable.

9. • Water Product
– Agricultural and municipal wate provides
steam.
– Easily obtained and renewable.
– Produces low grade fuel.

10. • Wood
– A traditional source
– Provides less heat than other fuel

11. NON FUEL RESOURCES
• Hydropower
– Water power used to supply energy. Can be
cheap of cost. May involved high intial
construction coast.

12. • Goethermal
– Ernergy suplied from the heat of the earth
interior hot spring, hot rocks.
– Abundant. Found principally in areas of
tectonic activity.

13. • Tidal
– Generated from flow of tides
– Non pulloting and renewable
– Possible inly in areas were different tie level is
high eough to generate electricity.
– Outpiut is complicated and costly.

14. • Wind
– Power from source of wind
– Traditonally used in rural areas.
– Variation of energy output according to
duration and force of wind.

15. • Solar energy
– Sunlight affect rains,winds, and oceans,
provides energy for plants and animals life
through photosythesis.

16. Possible Future Resources
• Solar energy- from outer space
– sunlight is inexhaustible.needs no storage
system.extremely costly.
• Nuclear Fusion- the union of atomic nuclei of light
chemical resulting in the release of enormous quantity of
energy
-virtually inexhaustible.
• Sea thermal- renewable. Nonpolluting. Sea thermal
sytem could absorb thermal ollution on coatline. Energy
produced is expensive.

17. • Waves- rolling mooting created energy for potential use.
Nonpolluting. Safe.
• Ocean current- speed motion of current used to
generate energy. Nonpolluting. Safe. Non concentrated.
• Algae- methane is produced when algae are digested by
bacteria.

18. LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS
• Thermodynamics- is the study in the
change of energy that accompanies any
kind of tranoportation of matter.

19. First Law
• “during the process energy is
conserved, energy neither is
created nor destroy”

20. Second Law
• “ during any process, any
system tends to become less
ordered”.

21. Diversity
• Is the number of species of animals and
plants in govern community. It has
something to do with the stability or the
ecosystem.

22. Evolution
• Is the natural process of change in
response to the physical change of an
aging planet. Geological and climatic
changes shape the long-termevolution of
the ecosytem.

23. ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM or
ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION
• Ecological succession is an orderly
process of community development that
involves changes species structure and
community process with time.

24. Primary Production of
Biosphere
• Primary production means the amount of
material trapped by the autotrophs in the
process of phoosynthesis and productivity
is the amount of material stored by the
autotrophs per unit of time.

25. Cybernetics
• It is the science of controls. It has
important in ecology snce man increasing
tends to disrupt natural cntrols or attempts
to substitute mechanisms for natural ones.