Writing Workshop Paper 1 – rough draft due 20 FeB 2019 Essay Prompt The beginning of European settlement of the Americas from 1492 was marked by an extensive demand for labor. As we have discussed, the earliest forms of labor involved both coerced labor and forms of indentured servitude that utilized the work of Europeans, Native Americans and African peoples. By the late 1600s, this fluid labor arrangement became more restrictive and formalized, with a form of racially (African) based slavery imposed in North America. What factors contributed to this development? How and why did this transformation occur? Basic instructions 5 pages Double-spaced Times New Roman, 12-point font A title that reflects the topic or your argument Upload to Canvas as a .doc or .docx file Bring two hard copies to class on 20th for peer review Evidence and outlining What factors led to the change in the dominant labor system (from a society with slaves to slave societies)? Amount of indentured servants went down Labor that indentured servants did changed…less agricultural labor Bacon’s Rebellion Native Americans resisting forced labor Land speculation diminished Fear that people would start demanding rights; people did start demanding rights Africans had less leverage Fear of collaboration among different groups of workers Great Awakening Opportunity for “seasoned” enslaved workers (Africans had experience of slavery) Development of racial caste system English common law providing opportunities for white workers Power and superiority Increased life expectancy of indentured servants Disease and death for Native peoples European wars that limited migration to the Americas Fear of collaboration among groups of workers Profits from staple crops Evidence and outlining How did workers (separately and collectively) respond to labor conditions? How did elite landowners/colonial leaders respond? Native peoples: refused to work; resistance; assimilation; death; moved away; converted religion; merged tribes; maintained economic relationships; diplomacy thru marriage; trade Indentured servants: English common law; Bacon’s Rebellion; ran away; fight for their rights; joined forces with allies; wrote letters home; broke tools; disrupt work; feigned illness Enslaved Africans: runaway; pretended language barriers; broke tools; collaborated with servants; made own culture; Bacon’s Rebellion; converted religions; mass rebellion; escaped societies (maroon societies); murder; feigned illness; infanticide; poison; sabotage; stealing Elite responses: implemented oppressive laws; tried to remove themselves from direct contact with workers; kill rebels; banned interracial couples; provided opportunities for poor and middling white people to gain economic security; threatened extending labor contracts; violence; access to land; social divisions between workers; more voting rights to free white men; pushed small farmers and white wage workers further west; stacked local political off.

1. Writing Workshop
Paper 1 – rough draft due 20 FeB 2019
Essay Prompt
The beginning of European settlement of the Americas from
1492 was marked by an extensive demand for labor. As we have
discussed, the earliest forms of labor involved both coerced
labor and forms of indentured servitude that utilized the work of
Europeans, Native Americans and African peoples. By the late
1600s, this fluid labor arrangement became more restrictive and
formalized, with a form of racially (African) based slavery
imposed in North America. What factors contributed to this
development? How and why did this transformation occur?
Basic instructions
5 pages
Double-spaced
Times New Roman, 12-point font
A title that reflects the topic or your argument
Upload to Canvas as a .doc or .docx file
Bring two hard copies to class on 20th for peer review
Evidence and outlining
What factors led to the change in the dominant labor system
(from a society with slaves to slave societies)?
Amount of indentured servants went down
Labor that indentured servants did changed…less agricultural
labor
Bacon’s Rebellion
Native Americans resisting forced labor

2. Land speculation diminished
Fear that people would start demanding rights; people did start
demanding rights
Africans had less leverage
Fear of collaboration among different groups of workers
Great Awakening
Opportunity for “seasoned” enslaved workers (Africans had
experience of slavery)
Development of racial caste system
English common law providing opportunities for white workers
Power and superiority
Increased life expectancy of indentured servants
Disease and death for Native peoples
European wars that limited migration to the Americas
Fear of collaboration among groups of workers
Profits from staple crops
Evidence and outlining
How did workers (separately and collectively) respond to labor
conditions? How did elite landowners/colonial leaders respond?
Native peoples: refused to work; resistance; assimilation; death;
moved away; converted religion; merged tribes; maintained
economic relationships; diplomacy thru marriage; trade
Indentured servants: English common law; Bacon’s Rebellion;
ran away; fight for their rights; joined forces with allies; wrote
letters home; broke tools; disrupt work; feigned illness
Enslaved Africans: runaway; pretended language barriers; broke
tools; collaborated with servants; made own culture; Bacon’s
Rebellion; converted religions; mass rebellion; escaped
societies (maroon societies); murder; feigned illness;
infanticide; poison; sabotage; stealing
Elite responses: implemented oppressive laws; tried to remove
themselves from direct contact with workers; kill rebels; banned
interracial couples; provided opportunities for poor and

3. middling white people to gain economic security; threatened
extending labor contracts; violence; access to land; social
divisions between workers; more voting rights to free white
men; pushed small farmers and white wage workers further
west; stacked local political offices with friends and family
Historical analysis
Change over time
Human agency
What did labor demand/conditions look like in earlier period
Factors that caused change (with emphasis on human agency
from workers’ perspective)
What it looked like by late-18th century (1760s)
What is YOUR best evidence and YOUR perspective
Essays are your thoughts and opinions supported by reasoning
and evidence – not a summary of readings or class discussion
More than “what happened,” but your understanding of why it
happened and the implications of that understanding…how do
we use it?
Thesis statements
Your answer to the essay prompt
Your original argument summed up in one sentence
Body of essay is your proof that your argument is correct
When the reader finishes your paper, they should be able to say,
“the writer proved their point,” or “the writer is wrong.”
What question are you answering?
Why did racially-based slavery become the dominant labor
system?
Outline
Introduction

4. Sets the context
Presents the information to be detailed below
Provides an argument
Gives a reader the “so what” answer – why it matters, why read
your paper
Body
Present your argument with evidence – factors that changed
labor system
Conclusion
Restates your argument –”see, I told you”
Summarizes argument
Example thesis
The colonial labor system changed to racially-based chattel
slavery because colonial elites feared losing power as the
growing workforce demanded greater democracy and freedom
What evidence?
Citations
Avoid plagiarisms
No outside sources
Use in-text, parenthetical citations:
(Clark & Hewitt, 55)
(James, 53)
(Class notes, 12 Sept)
Georgia was last to become a slave society in the Lower South
(Clark & Hewitt, 86-87). **Notice citation goes inside the
sentence punctuation
Primary sources from textbook – just use textbook authors but
can add detail in sentence
For example Richard Frethorne, an indentured servant, wrote to
his parents of the harsh working conditions and his dire state in
1623 (Clark & Hewitt, 71).

5. Page setup
Do not use a cover sheet or title page
Title should be at one-inch mark
Put name inside page header
Page numbers should be at the bottom of the page
Do not include a reference list or works cited page
Resources
Writing resources in Canvas – in Week 2 section
How to avoid all forms of plagiarism
How to write an outline
How to construct an analytical thesis statement
How to construct a strong paragraph
Why you should avoid first-person when writing historical
analysis papers