Confusion and Diffusion for subject CCS

1. Confusion and Diffusion
Dev Patel
IU1941090008

2. Confusion
• Confusion defines making the relationship between the key and the
cipher as difficult and as included as possible.
• In other words, the technique provides that the ciphertext provides no
clue about the plaintext.
• In this regard, the relationship between the data of the cipher text and
the value of the encryption has to remain as difficult as applicable.
• It is completed by spreading out the single plaintext digit over several
Ciphertext digits, including when a single bit of the plaintext is
changed.

3. • In confusion, it should influence the complete cipher text or change should appearonthe complete
ciphertext and the relationship between the data of the ciphertext and the value of the encryption key
is made difficult.
• It is achieved by substitution
• Themain goal of confusion is to createit very complex to find the key evenif onehas most of the
plaintext-ciphertext pairs produced with the similar key andin this regard,each bit of the Ciphertext
should bebased on the complete key andin several ways onmultiple bits of the key, changing onebit
of the key must change the Ciphertext completely.

4. Diffusion
• Diffusion can define to the property that the repetition in the statistics of the plaintext is “dissipated” in the
statistics of the Ciphertext.
• In diffusion, the output bits should be based on the input bits in a difficult way so that in case one bit of the
plaintext is modified, thus the Ciphertext should change completely in an unstable or pseudorandom manner.
• In diffusion, the statistical mechanism of the plaintext is used up into a high-range data of the ciphertext.
• This is achieved by having each plaintext digit influence the value of some ciphertext digits.
• Frequently, this is similar to having each ciphertext digit be influenced by some plaintext digits.

5. Applied to encryption
• Designing an encryption method uses both of the principles of
confusion and diffusion.
• Confusion means that the process drastically changes data from the
input to the output, for example, by translating the data through a non-
linear table created from the key.
• There are many ways to reverse linear calculations, so the more non-
linear it is, the more analysis tools it breaks.
• Diffusion means that changing a single character of the input will
change many characters of the output.

6. • Done well, every part of the input affects every part of the output,
making analysis much harder.
• No diffusion process is perfect: it always lets through some patterns.
• Good diffusion scatters those patterns widely through the output, and if
there are several patterns making it through they scramble each other.
• This makes patterns vastly harder to spot, and vastly increases the
amount of data to analyze to break the cipher.

7. Comparison between Confusionand Diffusion
Confusion Diffusion
Confusion protect the relationship
between the ciphertext and key.
Diffusion protect the relationship
between the ciphertext and plaintext.
If an individual bit in the key is changed,
some bits in the ciphertext will also be
modified.
If an individual symbol in the plaintext is
changed, there are some symbols in the
ciphertext will also be changed.

8. In confusion, the connection between
the data of the ciphertext and the value
of the encryption is made difficult. It is
completed by substitution.
In diffusion, the numerical mechanism
of the plaintext is used up into global
statistics of the cipher text.This is
achieved by permutation.
In confusion, vagueness is enhanced in
resultant.
While in diffusion, redundancy is
enhanced in resultant.
The relation among the cipher text and
the key is concealed by confusion.
The relation among the cipher text and
the plain text is concealed by diffusion.

9. Thank
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