2. Malignant hyperthermia
• Serious life threatening condition
characterised by a state of hypermetabolism
leading to hyperthermia and massive
rhabdomyolysis
4. Causes
• Autosomal dominant genetic defect of one of
several receptors within sarcoplasmic
reticulum i.e Mutation in the ryonodine
receptor, CACNA 1S calcium receptor
involvement
• Volatile anaesthetic agents e.g
halothane,sevofluorane and skeletal muscle
relaxant Succinylcholine
8. Pathophysiology
• Triggering agents such as Succinylcholine and
volatile anaesthetic agents in a genetically
predisposed patient release calcium from
sarcoplasmic reticulum leading to elevated
concentrations of calcium in the muscle cells
• This increase metabolism is responsible for
the symptoms of Malignant hyperthermia
10. Definitive Diagnosis
• History suspicious of Malignant hyperthermia
should undergo the following tests before
anaesthesia
skeletal muscle biopsy
caffeine halothane testing
Genetic susceptibility testing for ryanodine
and CACNA 1S receptor mutations
11. Early signs of Malignant Hyperthermia
• Hypercapnia
• Tachycardia
• Muscle rigidity
• Tachypnea
• Hypoxia
• Arrhythmias
• Unstable Blood pressure
• Flushed cyanotic or ruddy skin
12. Late signs of Malignant Hyperthermia
• Fever/diaphoresis
• Respiratory and metabolic acidosis
• High :
Potassium,calcium,magnesium,glucose,creatin
kinse(CK), LDH,SGOT
• Low
Clotting factors
Myoglobinemia
14. Steps for treating Malignant
Hyperthermia
• Emergency page to staff anaesthesiologist
• Discontinue the triggering agents
• Discontinue the surgical procedure as quickly
as possible
• Start TIVA(Total Intravenous anaesthetic
agents)
• Hyperventilate with 100% Oxygen at high flow
rate