what is cross infection ,how to prevent it?

1. ASSISTANT PROFRSSOE
ORAL & MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY
KHYBER COLLEGE OF DENTISTRY
DR ATTA UR REHMAN

2. CROSS INFECTION

3. What is cross infection?

4. Transmission of infectious agents
among patients and staff with in a
clinical environment

5. Pathogenic
Potentially Pathogenic
Non-Pathogenic
Types of Microorganisms

6. 1- From Patient to dental worker
2- From dental worker to Patient
3- From one patient to another
4- From dental office to community
Pathways of Cross Infection

7. Routes of Transmission

8. Routes of transmission
1- Direct contact of tissues with
infective biological fluids

9. Routes of transmission
2- Indirect contact with contaminated
instruments or surfaces

10. Routes of transmission
3-Inhalation of infective droplets

11. 4-Direct inoculation into cuts/abrasions via contaminated sharps or
instruments
Routes of transmission

12. 1-Infectious Agent- Any potential pathogen
2- Reservoir- where the pathogen lives
3- Port of exit- How the agent leaves its
reservoir
4- Transmission- Direct, indirect, droplet
5- Port of entry- How the agent gets into the
new host (bloodstream, Mucous membrane )
6- Susceptible host- Non immune patient
The chain of infection

13. 1-Infectious Agent Hepatitis B
2- Reservoir Bloodstream
3- Port of exit Bleeding wound
4- Transmission Direct via needle
stick
5- Port of entry puncture wound
6- Susceptible host Unvaccinated dental
worker
The chain of infection example

14. Number of Microorganisms
Virulence of Organisms
Pathogenic properties
Immune status of the host
Body defenses
What Influence the development
of infection

15. Abnormal Physical Conditions
Systemic diseases - Diabetes, HIV infection
Drug therapy- Chemotherapy , steroids
Stress
Prosthesis , Organ Transplants
Poor Nutrition
What alters normal defenses

16. How to prevent cross
infection ?

17. OTHER PATIENTS DENTAL STAFF
FROMINFECTED PATIENT TO

18. From infected patient to other
patients
1- Use of disposable materials

19. From infected patient to other
patients
2-Disinfecting surfaces with
A- Halogens compounds
B-Aldehydes

20. From infected patient to other
patients
3-Sterlize reusable instruments with
AUTOCLAVE

21. 1-To recognize carriers
History of
*Hepatitis/Jaundice
*Venereal disease
*Intravenous drug use
*Hereditary bleeding disorders
From infected patient to dental
staff

22. 2-To recognize groups of people having
high risk of exposure
*Hemodialysis patients and technician
Hemophiliacs and blood bank workers
*Oral & Maxillofacial surgeon, Periodontal
Surgeon & general surgeons
From infected patient to dental
staff

23. 3-Use of barrier technique during
*Surgery
*Handling of contaminated objects
*Clean up
FROM INFECTED PATIENT TO
DENTAL STAFF

24. Barrier technique

25. From infected patient to dental
staff
4-Prompt disposal of sharp objects into a
well-labeled protective container

26. 5-Use of an instrument to place a scalpel
blade on or taking one of a blade handle
6-Disposal of needles immediately after
use rather than resheathing
7- Vaccine
From infected patient to dental
staff