Diabetes Asia

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Our aim is to reduce morbidity and mortality related to Non communicable diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke, Obesity, Cancer and lifestyle diseases among those least able to withstand the burden of the disease.

Healthcare

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) include:

Age-standardised mortality due to
non-communicable diseases per 100,000
source: WHO global health observatory, 2012

Country characteristics and age-adjusted
cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality

Cardiovascular disease mortality rates,
raised blood pressure and diabetes prevalence

Existence of a non-communicable disease (NCD)
monitoring system

Prevalence of cardiovascular disease
in younger people with type 1 diabetes

Prevalence of cardiovascular disease in middle-
aged people with diabetes

Cardiovascular disease mortality in
middle-aged people with diabetes

Strategies to decrease the impact of diabetes
and cardiovascular diseases

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Diabetes mellitus (DM), commonly referred to as diabetes, is a group of metabolic diseases in which there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period.[2] Symptoms of high blood sugar include frequent urination, increased thirst, and increased hunger. If left untreated, diabetes can cause many complications.[3] Acute complications include diabetic ketoacidosis and nonketotic hyperosmolar coma.[4] Serious long-term complications include cardiovascular disease, stroke, chronic kidney failure, foot ulcers, and damage to the eyes.[3] Diabetes is due to either the pancreas not producing enough insulin or the cells of the body not responding properly to the insulin produced.[5] There are three main types of diabetes mellitus: Type 1 DM results from the pancreas's failure to produce enough insulin. This form was previously referred to as "insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus" (IDDM) or "juvenile diabetes". The cause is unknown.[3] Type 2 DM begins with insulin resistance, a condition in which cells fail to respond to insulin properly.[3] As the disease progresses a lack of insulin may also develop.[6] This form was previously referred to as "non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus" (NIDDM) or "adult-onset diabetes". The primary cause is excessive body weight and not enough exercise.[3] Gestational diabetes, is the third main form and occurs when pregnant women without a previous history of diabetes develop high blood-sugar levels.[3] Prevention and treatment involve a healthy diet, physical exercise, maintaining a normal body weight, and avoiding use of tobacco. Control of blood pressure and maintaining proper foot care are important for people with the disease. Type 1 DM must be managed with insulin injections.[3] Type 2 DM may be treated with medications with or without insulin.[7] Insulin and some oral medications can cause low blood sugar.[8] Weight loss surgery in those with obesity is sometimes an effective measure in those with type 2 DM.[9] Gestational diabetes usually resolves after the birth of the baby

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Our aim is to alleviate human suffering related to diabetes and its complications among those least able to withstand the burden of the disease. From 2002 to March 2017, the World Diabetes Foundation provided USD 130 million in funding to 511 projects in 115 countries. For every dollar spent, the Foundation raises approximately 2 dollars in cash or as in-kind donations from other sources. The total value of the WDF project portfolio reached USD 377 million, excluding WDF’s own advocacy and strategic platforms.

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Disinfection of medical instruments is important for preventing the spread of disease. Cleaning and disinfecting reusable equipment after it comes into contact with patients can be expensive, both in the cost of the disinfection procedure, but also in terms of time away from the patients themselves. Not all medical instruments can be fully sterilized after each use. Thankfully, not all reusable instruments need the highest level of disinfection. But how to determine the minimum level of disinfection in a given situation? Earle H. Spaulding devised a rational approach to disinfection and sterilization of patient-care items and equipment Spaulding believed the nature of disinfection could be understood readily if instruments and items for patient care were categorized as critical, semi-critical, and non-critical according to the degree of risk for infection involved in use of the items. Spaulding recognized that the need for disinfection of equipment in medical settings ranged from non-critical to semi-critical to critical, depending on the likelihood of spreading disease. For example, sterilization is necessary for equipment that comes into contact with a patient’s bloodstream or sterile tissue. This category of equipment, such as surgical knives, is designated “critical” because it presents a high risk of disease transmission from patient to patient. Equipment that only touches healthy, unbroken skin presents a low risk of contamination because intact skin acts as an effective barrier to most microorganisms. Examples in this “non-critical” category include bedpans, blood-pressure cuffs, and bedrails. In between those two scenarios, a “semi-critical” level of disinfection presents a medium risk of contamination. This would include equipment such as endoscopes used on mucous membranes or areas of broken skin.

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2. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) include:

3. Age-standardised mortality due to non-communicable diseases per 100,000 source: WHO global health observatory, 2012

4. Country characteristics and age-adjusted cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality

5. Cardiovascular disease mortality rates, raised blood pressure and diabetes prevalence

6. Existence of a non-communicable disease (NCD) monitoring system

7. Prevalence of cardiovascular disease in younger people with type 1 diabetes

8. Prevalence of cardiovascular disease in middle- aged people with diabetes

9. Cardiovascular disease mortality in middle-aged people with diabetes

10. Strategies to decrease the impact of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases

Editor's Notes

The four main types of non-communicable diseases are diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and chronic respiratory disease. Integrated prevention and management of these diseases is the most cost-effective strategy for the global prevention and control of non-communicable diseases. Early detection and management of non-communicable diseases prevents life-threatening complications such as heart attacks, stroke, kidney failure, amputations and blindness.
The four main types of non-communicable diseases are diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and chronic respiratory disease. Integrated prevention and management of these diseases is the most cost-effective strategy for the global prevention and control of non-communicable diseases. Early detection and management of non-communicable diseases prevents life-threatening complications such as heart attacks, stroke, kidney failure, amputations and blindness.
In order to decrease the impact of diabetes and CVD, national governments should: Implement public health policies and lifestyle interventions to prevent type 2 diabetes Legislate and implement policies that reduce tobacco consumption Prioritise control of blood pressure and access to essential medicines Implement non-communicable disease monitoring systems and screening for diabetes

Diabetes Asia

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Editor's Notes